Although each type of disaster brings its own unique challenges, the steps listed here are applicable to many different situations you may face. For information on safety and recovery after specific types of disasters and emergencies, please visit https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to prepare-for-emergencies.html.
● Some natural disasters, such as severe storms or earthquakes, may recur in the form of new storms or aftershocks over the next several days. Take all safety precautions in case the disaster strikes again. For an earthquake aftershock, remember to DROP, COVER and HOLD ON just like you did during the initial earthquake.
● If you had to leave your home, return only when local authorities advise that it is safe to do so. Make a careful and thorough inspection of your home:
(1)Sniff for gas. If you detect natural gas or hear a hissing noise, leave the property immediately and get far away from it. Call the fire department after you reach safety.
(2)Be ware of animals, such as rodents, snakes, spiders and insects, that may have entered your home. As you inspect your home, tap loudly and often on the floor with a stick to give notice that you are there. Flooding and storms can create conditions in which disease-bearing mosquitoes can breed. Remove standing water where possible. If you can't get rid of it, use a commercial product that kills mosquito larvae or apply a thin film of cooking oil on the water. Repeat the application within a few days if rain disturbs the film of oil.
(3)Water damage, either from a flood or in the aftermath of a fire, is not just unsanitary—it can also be dangerous. From wallboard to rugs, items that are not thoroughly dried can grow mold. Keep the windows open and run fans so as to pull moisture out of wooden furniture. Throw out items that have absorbed water and cannot be cleaned or disinfected.
● Disasters are upsetting experiences for everyone involved. Some people feel better after a few days, while others find that their stress does not go away as quickly as they would like it to. If you find yourself experiencing some of the feelings and reactions listed below for two weeks or longer this may be a sign to reach out for additional assistance.
a.Having difficulty in eating/sleeping;
b.Feeling guilty, helpless or hopeless;
c.Avoiding family and friends;
d.Suffering increased physical symptoms, such as headaches or stomachaches.
-中文翻译--
尽管每种类型的灾难都会带来其独特的挑战，但此处列出的步骤适用于您可能面临的许多不同情况。有关特定类型灾难和紧急情况后的安全和恢复信息，请访问 https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies.html。
●一些自然灾害，如强风暴或地震，可能会在未来几天内以新的风暴或余震的形式再次发生。请采取一切安全预防措施，以防灾害再次发生。对于地震余震，切记要像最初地震发生时那样，“蹲下、掩护和抓牢”。
●如果您事先不得不离开了家，只有在当地政府告知安全的情况下才能返回。返回后，您要对房屋进行仔细彻底的检查：
（1）闻一闻是否有煤气的味道。如果闻到了煤气或听到了嘶嘶声，请立即离开房屋，走得越远越好。到达安全地带后再拨打消防电话。
（2）小心可能进入家中的动物，如啮齿动物、蛇、蜘蛛和昆虫。当您检查房屋时，请多用棍子用力敲击地板，以告知其他动物您在这里。洪水和风暴会为携带疾病的蚊子滋生创造条件。尽可能清除积水。如果无法清除积水，可以使用杀灭蚊子幼虫的商品，或者在积水上涂一层薄薄的食用油。如果雨水破坏了油膜，请在几天内重复涂油。
（3）洪水或火灾造成的水渍不仅不卫生，还可能带来危险。从墙板到地毯，没有彻底晾干的物品都会发霉。不要关窗并打开风扇，以排出木制家具中的湿气。扔掉吸水后无法清洁或消毒的物品。
●灾害对每位灾民来说都是痛苦的经历。有些人几天后就会感觉好多了，而有些人则发现他们的压力并没有像他们希望的那样很快消失。如果您发现自己在两周或更长时间内都有以下一些感觉和反应，这可能是一个信号，需要寻求额外的帮助。
a.进食/睡眠问题；
b.感到内疚、无助或绝望；
c.躲避家人和朋友；
d.身体不适症状加重，如头痛或胃痛。
【本篇主题知识点】
重点词汇：
1.applicable /ˈæplɪkəbəl/ adj. 适用的；可应用的
2.specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的；明确的
3.recur /rɪˈkɜːr/ v. 再次发生；复发
4.precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃən/ n. 预防措施
5.authorities /ɔːˈθɒrɪtiz/ n. 当局；官方
6.inspection /ɪnˈspekʃən/ n. 检查；视察
7.detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 探测；发现
8.immediately /ɪˈmiːdiətli/ adv. 立即；马上
9.beware /bɪˈweər/ v. 注意；小心
10.commercial /kəˈmɜːʃəl/ adj. 商业的；商品的
11.unsanitary /ʌnˈsænɪteri/ adj. 不卫生的
12.disinfect /ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt/ v. 消毒；杀菌
13.upsetting /ʌpˈsetɪŋ/ adj. 令人沮丧的
14.assistance /əˈsɪstəns/ n. 帮助；援助
15.symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ n. 症状；征兆
16.hopeless /ˈhoʊpləs/ adj. 绝望的；无望的
短语搭配：
1.be applicable to
含义：适用于……
用法：后接对象，表示某规则或方法在特定情境中有效。
2.in case
含义：以防；万一
用法：引导目的状语从句，表示为了预防某种情况发生。
3.advise that...
含义：建议……；告知……
用法：接宾语从句，表示官方或权威人士的建议。
4.get far away from
含义：远离……
用法：强调迅速远离危险源。
5.get rid of
含义：摆脱；去除
用法：后接不需要或有害的事物。
6.so as to
含义：为了……；以便……
用法后接动词原形，表示目的。
7.reach out for
含义：寻求（帮助）
用法：后接帮助、支持等抽象名词。
8.have difficulty in doing
含义：做……有困难
用法：后接动名词，表示在某方面遇到困难。
长难句分析：
1.原句：Although each type of disaster brings its own unique challenges, the steps listed here are applicable to many different situations you may face.
翻译：尽管每种灾难都带来其独特的挑战，但此处列出的步骤适用于你可能面临的许多不同情况。
句子结构：“Although each type of disaster brings its own unique challenges”为让步状语从句；“the steps listed here are applicable to many different situations”为主句；“you may face”为定语从句，修饰“situations”，省略关系代词that/which。
Here is the holiday quiz question for you: What do puzzles, poker and misinformation have in common? The answer is at the end of this article.
Let's try an easier question first. In Santa's workshop, if it takes five elves five minutes to wrap five presents, how long does it take 50 elves to wrap 50 presents? You probably know the answer to that one; it follows a classic formula for a trick question.
As you looked for the correct answer, you may have had to fight off your instinct to blurt out a tempting wrong answer: 50 minutes. The arithmetic is no challenge for a witty reader. The difficulty with this question is pausing for the brief moment necessary to carry that arithmetic out, while avoiding the obvious but incorrect answer that pops into your mind.
Questions like this are called cognitive reflection problems. They were made famous by Daniel Kahneman in his book Thinking, Fast and Slow. The behavioral scientists Gordon Pennycook and David Rand have published studies drawing the connection between cognitive reflection problems and online misinformation. Often people see false claims and share them impulsively not because they cannot figure out that the claims are false, but because they did not stop long enough to try. Spotting fake news, like realizing that the 50 elves wrap 50 presents in just five minutes, requires us to stop and think for a moment. And who has time for that these days?
Let's move from puzzles to poker. To the uninitiated, poker is a game involving three elements: luck, calculation and deception. But professional poker players have told me that a fourth element is just as important: controlling your emotions.
We cannot escape our emotions, but clear decision-making requires that we notice them and take them into account. And just as a poker player can go on tilt, so can any of us as we read the headlines or scroll through social media. After all, headline writers aim for impact, while social media thrives on emotional engagement.
My advice is simply to take note of your emotional reaction to each headline. Is it joy or anger? Fine. But having noticed it, please keep thinking. You may find clarity emerges once your emotions have been acknowledged.
So what do puzzles, poker and misinformation have in common? Some puzzles and poker hands require enormous intellectual resources to navigate. But much of the time we fool ourselves in simple ways and for simple reasons. Slow down, calm down, and the battle for truth is already half won.
--中文翻译--
这里有一道假日问答题请你回答：谜题、扑克和谣言有什么共同点?答案就在本文末尾。 让我们先试着回答一个简单点儿的问题。在圣诞老人的工作间里，如果5个精灵打包5份礼物需要5分钟， 那么50个精灵打包50份礼物需要多长时间?你可能已经知道了这个问题的答案；它遵循了一个经典的诡计问题公式。
在你思考正确答案的过程中，你可能得设法摆脱直觉的干扰，避免脱口说出那个诱惑你的错误答案：50分钟。让机智的读者去做这种算术题可谓不费吹灰之力， 但难点是，你需要在运算时暂停思考一下，同时又要避开你凭直觉突然想到的显而易见但并不正确的答案。
类似这样的问题被称为认知反射问题。丹尼尔 ·卡 尼曼在他的著作《思考，快与慢》 一书中提出了这些问题并让其家喻户晓。行为学家戈登 · 彭尼库克和戴维· 兰德曾发表了研究报告，指出了认知反射问题与网 络谣言之间的联系。人们看到谣言后往往会冲动地分享， 这并不是因为他们无法辨别信息真假，而是因为他们没有停下来花足够的时间去思考判断。发现假新闻，就像发现50个精灵在短短5分钟内打包了50份礼物一样， 需要我们停下来思考片刻。可如今，谁还有时间去思考呢?
让我们从谜题转向扑克。对于外行人来说，扑克是 一种包含运气、计算和欺骗三要素的游戏。但职业牌手 告诉我，第四个要素同样重要：控制情绪。
我们无法逃避自己的情绪，但要想做出清晰的决策， 就要求我们注意到情绪并将其考虑在内。就像打扑克时可能会情绪失控一样，我们每个人在阅读新闻标题或浏览社交媒体时也可能会情绪失控。毕竟，标题作者追求的是冲击力，而社交媒体追求的是情感参与。
我的建议很简单，就是记下你对每个标题的情绪反 应，比如是高兴还是愤怒。很好。但注意到情绪之后， 还请继续思考。一旦承认了自己的情绪，你眼前可能就会豁然开朗。
那么,谜题、扑克和谣言有什么共同点呢?有些谜题和扑克游戏需要巨大的智力资源才能驾驭。但更多时 候，我们只是用简单的方式、出于简单的原因欺骗自己罢了。只要慢下来、冷静下来，真理之战就已经取得了 一半的胜利。
【本篇主题知识点】
重点词汇：
1.quiz /kwɪz/ n. 测验，智力游戏
2.poker /ˈpoʊkər/ n. 扑克牌游戏
3.misinformation /ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃn/ n. 错误信息
4.elf /elf/ n. 精灵
5.wrap /ræp/ v. 包装
6.formula /ˈfɔːrmjələ/ n. 公式，准则
7.trick /trɪk/ n. 诡计，花招
8.tempting /ˈtemptɪŋ/ adj. 诱人的
9.arithmetic /əˈrɪθmətɪk/ n. 算术
10.witty /ˈwɪti/ adj. 机智的，聪明的
11.cognitive /ˈkɑːɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的
12.reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 反射，反思
13.impulsively /ɪmˈpʌlsɪvli/ adv. 冲动地
14.uninitiated /ˌʌnɪˈnɪʃieɪtɪd/ adj. 缺少经验的，外行的
15.deception /dɪˈsepʃn/ n. 欺骗
16.professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 专业的
17.tilt /tɪlt/ n. 倾斜；（扑克术语）情绪失控
18.scroll /skroʊl/ v. 滚动（屏幕）
19.impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 影响，冲击力
20.thrive /θraɪv/ v. 蓬勃发展，繁荣
21.emerge /ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/ v. 出现，浮现
22.acknowledge /əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ/ v. 承认
23.enormous /ɪˈnɔːrməs/ adj. 巨大的
24.resource /ˈriːsɔːrs/ n. 资源25.navigate /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ v. 导航；成功应对
短语搭配：
1.have ... in common
含义：有共同点
用法：用于说明两个或更多事物共享相同的特征。
2.take (time) to do sth.
含义：花费（时间）做某事
用法：用于描述完成某个动作所需的时间。
3.fight off
含义：击退，抵抗
用法：后接名词，表示抵制某种冲动或诱惑。
4.blurt out
含义：脱口而出
用法：后接名词，表示未加思索地说出某事。
5.pop into one's mind
含义：突然出现在某人脑海里
用法：表示想法或答案突然出现。
6.figure out
含义：理解，弄明白
用法：后接名词或从句。
7.move from A to B
含义：从A话题转移到B话题
用法：用于切换讨论的主题。
8.go on tilt
含义：（情绪）失控
用法：源自扑克术语，形容因情绪波动而做出非理性决策的状态。
9.take into account含义：将...考虑在内
用法：后接名词，表示在决策时考虑某因素。
10.thrive on
含义：依赖于...而兴盛
用法：后接名词，表示某物的发展依赖于另一事物。
11.take note of
含义：注意，留意
用法：后接名词，表示有意识地关注某事。
12.fool oneself
含义：自欺欺人
用法：表示让自己相信不真实的事情。
长难句分析：
1.原句：But having noticed it, please keep thinking. You may find clarity emerges once your emotions have been acknowledged.
翻译：但注意到情绪之后， 还请继续思考。一旦承认了自己的情绪，你眼前可能就会豁然开朗。
句子结构：第一句为祈使句；“having noticed it”为现在分词短语作时间状语；第二句中“once your emotions have been acknowledged”为时间状语从句。
