翻译硕士英语
（科目代码 211）
考生须知：
1. 应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡指定位置上作答，答在试卷上无效。
2. 涂写部分、画图部分必须使用 2B 铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。
3. 全卷 100 分，3 小时完成。
一、词形变化（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
请将括号中单词的恰当形式填写在答题卡相应位置。
1. It is ________ that all students hand in their assignments before the deadline. (necessity)
2. Due to the economic crisis, the company had to make some ________ staff cuts. (significance)
3. We need to find a ________ solution to this problem. (practice)
4. He felt a great sense of ________ after completing the marathon. (achieve)
5. The manager will ________ the new project next week. (initial)
6. She speaks English with remarkable ________. (accurate)
7. There is a growing ________ that climate change is a serious threat. (aware)
8. The job requires a high level of technical ________. (proficient)
9. The product has been through a series of ________ tests. (rigor)
10. The logic he used was ________; we could not find any counterexamples to prove it wrong. (refute)
二、选择题（每小题 1 分，共 20 分）
从每小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上填涂对应的选项。
11. Rand ________ from commenting on the scandal involving his opponent.
A. resisted B. prevented
C. refrained D. restrained
12. Topics for composition should be ________ to the experiences and interests of the students.
A. concerned B. dependent
C. connecting D. relevant
13. Obviously, the director's remarks at the ceremony were ________ and not planned.
A. substantial B. spontaneous
C. simultaneous D. synthetic
14. Although he ________ became a successful businessman, his criminal past caught up with him.
A. subsequently B. successively
C. predominantly D. preliminarily
15. They're planning to move to a larger shop in order to keep ________ with demand.
A. move B. step
C. speed D. pace
16. Employers have had the luxury of being able to pick from a seemingly ________ supply of vigorous people in their 20s and 30s.
A. exploited B. controversial
C. inexhaustible D. remarkable
17. It took me a very long time to ________ the shock of her death.
A. get over B. get away
C. get off D. get across
18. The manager was so ________ with her work that he decided to promote her.
A. impressed B. expressed
C. pressed D. repressed
19. The company needs to ________ its production to meet the increasing demand.
A. extend B. expand
C. expense D. expend
20. The government is ________ new measures to reduce crime.
A. bringing about B. taking back
C. taking in D. bringing up
21. The project ________ consuming more time and money than we had initially planned.
A. ended up B. turned down
C. made for D. ran into
22. The committee has yet to ________ a final decision.
A. do B. make
C. act D. set
23. His story was so ________ that everyone in the audience was moved to tears.
A. perceptive B. deceptive
C. receptive D. evocative
24. The company tried to ________ the negative news by releasing a positive report.
A. counterbalance B. counterfeit
C. countermand D. counterclaim
25. The government's new tax policy was met with widespread ________ from the public.
A. contention B. contrast
C. condemnation D. consensus
26. By the time we arrived at the station, the train ________.
A. had left B. has left
C. left D. was leaving
27. The mathematician has made a discovery, ________ of great importance to the advancement of science and technology.
A. which I think is B. that I think is
C. which I think is D. which I think it is
28. ________, he can now only watch it on his cell phone.
A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not having obtained a ticket for the match
C. Not obtaining a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match
29. She ________ the client about the budget cuts; it caused unnecessary panic.
A. mustn't have told B. needn't tell
C. needn't have told D. mustn't tell
30. The economy of the island went from boom to bust very quickly. Which of the following rhetorical devices is employed in the underlined part?
A. metonymy B. personification
C. simile D. alliteration
三、完型填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面的短文，从每小题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上填涂对应的选项。
Our research shows that moving your face in some way, whether you're smiling, raising an eyebrow or wrinkling your nose, may help people warm to you more. In a study published last year, we found that people who were more facially expressive were more liked by a new social partner, which could explain why humans have 31 ________ to have such expressive faces. Indeed, our species is probably the most facially expressive. People produce, on average, 101 facial 32 ________ per minute in a typical social interaction.
To understand why facial expressivity is so beneficial, we first need to emphasize just how 33 ________ social bonding is to human survival. Throughout most of our evolutionary history, our species has relied on tight-knit communities to keep ourselves fed, sheltered, and protected from predators and dangerous outsiders. Managing social relationships is literally a matter of life or death. Otherwise you might have faced tigers in bushes alone. Any skill or behavior that has improved someone's ability to create and maintain lifesaving bonds is likely to 34 ________ in our gene pool and cultural repertoires over the generations. And our research suggests that facial expressivity may fall in this category.
But why would facial expressivity improve someone's ability to build social bonds? Imagine meeting someone new and trying to 35 ________ out how good a fit they might be as a friend, colleague or romantic partner. You might wonder whether you can trust them, whether they will help you or harm you, and whether you can even begin to understand each other. Someone who is easier to read may seem to be a more appealing prospect than someone who is more 36 ________.
Simply put, being facially expressive may give others a sense that they understand you, which they like. This in turn 37 ________ the suggestion that the key function of facial expressivity is to make us more predictable. Our work also underscores that facial expressions do far more than just communicate emotions. We might raise our 38 ________ to show we're listening intensely, share a knowing smile with a friend or use a 39 ________ look to stop someone in their tracks.
Clearly, regardless of how expressive we tend to be overall, we can also make choices about sharing more of ourselves in certain situations. Being more 40 ________ and expressive may be scary, but our work shows that it comes with rewards.
31.A. decided B. evolved C. revolutionized D. tended
32.A. movements B. moves C. gestures D. acts
33.A. harmful B. major C. careful D. crucial
34.A. insist B. preserve C. persist D. exist
35.A. look B. speak C. take D. figure
36.A. guarded B. protected C. friendly D. outgoing
37.A. supports B. produces C. refutes D. makes
38.A. eyesight B. eyebrows C. fingers D. arms
39.A. warm B. friendly C. stern D. cruel
40.A. traditional B. cautious C. attentive D. open
四、阅读理解（选择题）（共 20 分）
阅读以下两篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上填涂对应的选项。
Passage 1（每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage.
[1] In aviation jargon, a strike happens when a bird suddenly crosses the trajectory of an aeroplane. Usually, with an adverse outcome for the bird.
[2] It's not a rare occurrence for a bird and a plane to collide. A recent British Airlines plane bound for New York had to make an emergency landing due to a bird strike, while another plane was forced to return to Cardiff Airport after a bird hit an engine.
[3] Bird strike can have a huge impact on airlines: planes struck by birds have to be carefully inspected for what is known as barely visible impact damage, which may become dangerous if undetected. Only about 5% of bird strikes result in damage to the aeroplane. However, as a precaution, all struck aeroplanes return to the nearest airport, and passengers have to be disembarked and booked onto another flight with a fresh crew—all of which can have a huge impact on the airline's operations.
[4] Birds don't fly very high. A study reported that three-quarters of bird strikes occur below 150 metres, when the aeroplane would be in the initial phases of takeoff, or in the final phases of landing. The aircraft's speed is slower at this point, than it would be at altitude, the landing gear might be extended, so quick evasive manoeuvres are difficult. The outcome generally depends on the part of the aeroplane that is affected. Aeroplanes are designed to withstand incredible forces, so although engineers are cautious, there is often nothing to worry about.
[5] Plane engines, for example, are designed to be very robust. Certification criteria impose a rule that large engines must withstand an impact with any bird over 3.5 kg without any dangerously fast and sharp debris departing from the engine. In fact, most engines can survive a bird ingestion with only minor damage to the blades. A double engine bird strike is extremely unlikely, but if one engine failed due to a bird strike, it wouldn't matter. All aircraft are designed to work just fine with an engine out. In fact, most are certified to cross half an ocean on a single engine.
[6] It's not just engines that are at risk, when a bird is struck, however. Cockpit windows can be hit too. However, these panels are usually made of three layers of laminated acrylic and glass, designed to withstand hail inside a thunderstorm—so a bird is generally not a huge problem. The presence of multiple layers ensures the aeroplane remains pressurised too, just in case the outermost layer gets damaged. In addition, pilots are trained to turn on window heating—normally used to prevent ice from building up at altitude—before takeoff, to make the windows softer and less fragile in case of impact.
[7] To make sure that no bird has to suffer such a terrible fate, airports have also been trying various measures to prevent them from even coming close to planes. Predatory bird sound recordings, cartridge scarers—which produce loud bangs and flashes of light—mechanical falcons, trained falcons and drones have all been used. These measures work in the short term, but the common belief is that birds tend to get used to the new disturbance fairly soon. Besides, birds love airports. Lots of green, large empty areas surrounded by trees, and nearby bins are very attractive to wildlife.
[8] As commercial drones become an increasing concern the industry is calling for systems that tell pilots how severe an impact is, so that they can continue flying if there is no damage. Researchers across the world are working on different sensors and materials that can self-assess plane health, and potentially end the need for disrupted flights.
41. According to the first paragraph, what is the meaning of "strike" in aviation terminology?
A. A successful landing manoeuvre.
B. A collision between a bird and an aircraft.
C. An emergency evacuation procedure.
D. A type of air turbulence during the flight.
42. Which of the following statements is TRUE about bird strikes?
A. Only a small percentage result in damage to the aeroplane.
B. Most of them result in damage to the aeroplane.
C. About half of them cause severe damage to the aeroplane.
D. Their impact on airlines is usually insignificant.
43. During which flight phases do most bird strikes occur?
A. During cruising at high altitudes.
B. During transoceanic flights.
C. During emergency descent procedures.
D. During takeoff and landing phases.
44. What safety feature can help protect cockpit windows from bird impacts?
A. Automatic emergency landing systems.
B. Multiple layers of laminated acrylic and glass.
C. Reinforced steel frames.
D. Retractable protective shields.
45. What new technology are researchers developing to address bird strike issues?
A. Louder bird scare devices.
B. More effective trained falcons.
C. Self-assessing sensors and materials.
D. Improved window heating systems.
Passage 2（每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage.
[1] "Find your passion!" This inspiring injunction is woven into the fabric of mainstream culture. But is it good advice?
[2] "Finding" a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. But science tells us that passions are developed. They often begin with a spark of curiosity about a subject and later, through a process involving repeated engagement, positive experiences and accrued knowledge, people come to personally value that content or activity and internalize it. What was at first interesting becomes an interest. If these qualities continue to intensify, a passion can emerge.
[3] In several studies, we and our colleagues have found that misunderstanding this idea can hold people back. Fortunately, our latest research reveals that there are ways to correct course and cultivate a more open, accurate perspective about interest.
[4] To study these ideas, we use a framework of "fixed" and "growth" mindsets. In school, conceiving of one's intellectual abilities as fixed can be detrimental, whereas believing one can develop and grow skills supports greater learning. We argue for a separate but related idea: people who think interests and passions are inherent and relatively unchangeable have a fixed mindset of interest. In contrast, people who view interests and passions as developed have a growth mindset of interest.
[5] The latter comes with many advantages. A fixed mindset of interest, however, may inhibit exploration and creativity. In our studies, arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in scientific topics than arts students with a growth mindset—and science students with a fixed mindset had less interest in the arts than those with a growth mindset. We have also found that those with a fixed mindset are less likely than those with a growth mindset to generate novel solutions that integrate different disciplines.
[6] People with a fixed mindset of interest tend to expect their passions to come easily to them. In one study we sparked people's interest in a topic that was new for them—the science of black holes—with a fun, easy-to-understand animated video about Stephen Hawking's theories. But when we asked our participants to read a technical article on black holes, people with a fixed mindset became frustrated and came to dislike the topic. Those with a growth mindset maintained their newly found interest despite the difficulty.
[7] So can a growth mindset of interest be taught? In June we published findings from two studies involving more than 700 first year liberal arts undergraduates, most of whom held strong interests in the arts, humanities and social sciences—with minimal interest in math and science. We randomly assigned students to either our intervention or a study skills module. The intervention included reading and reflective writing activities that helped students think about interests and passions as cultivated rather than found and fixed. For example, students wrote a paragraph about an occasion when they developed interest in a new activity. The study skills module, meanwhile, emphasized practices such as time management. When we followed up by the end of the school year, the students who had received the intervention were more interested in their required math and science courses—and earned better grades in those courses—than their study skills counterparts.
[8] While our intervention offers a way for schools to support their students, we also believe people can independently foster a growth mindset of interest. Realize that passions aren't waiting to be "found." Take an active role in developing them: indulge your curiosities and don't expect new pursuits to always be easy or exciting.
[9] A growth mindset will help you remain open and curious. The saying "find something you love to do, and you'll never have to work a day in your life" needs updating. If you work at loving what you do, you might become more creative and resilient.
46. According to the passage, what does scientific evidence suggest about passions?
A. They are innate qualities waiting to be found.
B. They require formal education to develop properly.
C. They emerge from a process of repeated engagement.
D. They depend mainly on born talent and ability.
47. How does a fixed mindset of interest affect the attitude to different disciplines?
A. It limits interest in topics outside one's main field. B. It encourages interdisciplinary exploration.
C. It enhances creative problem-solving skills.
D. It discourages deeper specialization in one area.
48. What happened to participants with different mindsets presented with a technical article on an interesting new topic?
A. Both groups maintained equal interest levels.
B. Those with fixed mindset lost their interest.
C. Those with growth mindset became discouraged.
D. The fixed mindset group performed better.
49. What was the main purpose of the intervention in the studies?
A. To teach better time management skills.
B. To help students discover their innate passions.
C. To cultivate the belief that interests can be developed.
D. To improve mathematical and reasoning abilities.
50. What is the author's suggestion about pursuing interests?
A. Wait until you find your true calling before committing.
B. Focus only on activities that come easily to you.
C. Avoid difficult subjects that require too much effort.
D. Take an active role in developing your passions.
五、阅读理解（释义和简答题）（51-53 题每题 3 分，54 题 6 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面的文章，用英文解释 51-52 题中的句子；用英文作答 53-54 题，每题不少于 50 个单词，并把答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。
Questions 51-54 are based on the following passage.
[1] We've long had a fascination with machines that can think. In 1770, the invention of the first mechanical chess computer stunned those who saw it—a chessboard set upon an elaborate cabinet, with its chess pieces manipulated by a robot dressed as an Ottoman wizard. It toured the world from 1770 to 1838. The machine, also known as the Mechanical Turk, beat Ben Franklin and Napoleon in chess matches and led Edgar Allan Poe to speculate on the possibility of artificial intelligence upon seeing it in the 1830s. It was all a lie, of course—the machine cleverly hid a real chess master inside its fake gears. However, our ability to believe that machines might be able to think fooled many of the best minds in the world for three quarters of a century.
[2] Fast-forward to 1950, when a toy and a thought experiment, each developed by a different genius of the still developing field of computer science, led to a new conception of artificial intelligence. The toy was a jury-rigged mechanical mouse called Theseus, developed by Claude Shannon, an inventor, prankster, and the greatest information theorist of the twentieth century. In a 1950 film, he revealed that Theseus, powered by repurposed telephone switches, could navigate through a complex maze—the first real example of machine learning. The thought experiment was the imitation game, where computer pioneer Alan Turing first laid out the theories about how a machine could develop a level of functionality sufficient to mimic a person. While computers were a very new invention, Turing's influential paper helped kick off the nascent field of artificial intelligence.
[3] Theories alone were not enough, and a handful of early computer scientists started working on programs that pushed the boundaries of what was soon called artificial intelligence, a term invented in 1956 by John McCarthy of MIT. Progress was initially rapid as computers were programmed to solve logic problems and play checkers—leading researchers expected an AI to beat grand masters in chess within a decade. But hype cycles have always plagued AI, and as these promises went unfulfilled, disillusionment set in. In the 1960s, there was an "AI winter" in which AI progress stalled and funding dried up. Other boom-and-bust cycles followed in the next decade, each boom accompanied by major technological advances, such as artificial neural networks that mimicked the human brain, followed by collapse as AI could not deliver on expected goals.
[4] The latest AI boom started in the 2010s with the promise of using machine learning techniques for data analysis and prediction. Many of these applications used a technique called supervised learning, which means these forms of AI needed labeled data to learn from. Labeled data is data that has been annotated with the correct answers or outputs for a given task. For example, if you want to train an AI system to recognize faces, you need to provide it with images of faces that have been labeled with the names or identities of the people in them. This phase of AI was the domain of larger organizations that had vast amounts of data. They used these tools as powerful prediction systems, whether optimizing shipping logistics or guessing what kind of content to show you based on your browsing history.
[5] You might have heard the buzzwords big data or algorithmic decision-making describing these kinds of uses. Consumers mostly saw the benefits of machine learning when these techniques were integrated into tools such as voice recognition systems or translation apps. AI was a poor (albeit marketing-friendly) label for what this sort of software did, since there was very little about these systems that actually seemed intelligent or clever, at least in the ways humans are intelligent and clever.
[6] To see one example of how this sort of AI works, picture a hotel attempting to forecast its demand for the upcoming year, armed with nothing but existing data and a simple Excel spreadsheet. Before predictive AI, hotel owners would often be left playing a guessing game, trying to predict demand while grappling with inefficiencies and wasted resources. With this form of AI, they could instead input a wealth of data—weather patterns, local events, and competitor pricing—and generate far more accurate predictions. The results were a more efficient operation and, ultimately, a more profitable business. Before machine learning and natural language processing became mainstream, organizations focused on being correct on average—a rather rudimentary approach by today's standards. With the introduction of AI algorithms, the focus shifted to statistical analysis and minimizing variance. Instead of being right on average, they could be right for each specific instance, leading to more accurate predictions that revolutionized many back-office functions, from managing customer service to helping run supply chains.
Paraphrase
51. However, our ability to believe that machines might be able to think fooled many of the best minds in the world for three quarters of a century. (Paragraph [1])
52. While computers were a very new invention, Turing's influential paper helped kick off the nascent field of artificial intelligence. (Paragraph [2])
Questions and Answers
53. According to the passage, what setbacks did AI development suffer in the 1960s and 1970s?
54. According to the passage, how can predictive AI change hotel management?
六、英语写作（共 25 分）
根据以下材料写一篇 300 词左右的英语作文。请拟定一个作文题目，清晰地阐述观点，并将作文写在答题卡的相应位置。
