考研
英语
【长难句每日打卡】day 119
2000-1-ReadingPartB-1-5
文章主题：《现代政府依赖专家人才》
For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.
词汇：
1.alter v.改变、变更、更改
2.interfere v.干预、干涉、妨碍、干扰
3.tap v.开发、开发、利用（已有的资源、知识等）同义替换词：exploit
4.hitherto adv.迄今、到目前为止
【Step 1】找谓语
For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including ⓵the setting up of their own research centers; ⓶they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; ⓷or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.
·动词 may encourage 情态
·动词 may alter or interfere 情态
·动词 may co-operate 情态
【Step 2】断句
本句主句为they may encourage research in various ways，其后的including ⓵;⓶;or⓷表示对various ways的解释补充说明，即具体有哪些方式,⓵⓶⓷相当于是including的宾语，三者为并列关系。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：
For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including...
其中，
1.in various ways_介宾结构作状语——其位于名词|代词后<后置定语的位置>；但同时也位于完整句结尾<状语的位置>，故涉及定语or状语的分区，但其译为状语更加合适，表示encourage的方式，即如何鼓励，大致译为“例如，他们以各种方式鼓励研究”。
including结构：
⓵the setting up of their own research centers;
其中，
1.of their own research centers为介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词the setting up；
⓶they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited;
其中，
1.of education_介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词the structure；
2.interfere后实际省略了宾语the structure of education，因为与前面动词alter宾语一致，因此出现了并列结构<alter or interfere>的省略，即省略相同内容；
3.in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited_介宾结构作目的状语，表示改变或干预教育机构的目的。
4.hitherto unexploited_非谓语作后置定语修饰名词resources【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的”<迄今为止未被开采的资源>】
⓷or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.
其中，
1.in the growing number of international projects_介宾结构作状语，表示在哪方面进行合作；
2.related to science, economics and industry_非谓语短语作后置定语修饰名词projects【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的”<与科学、经济和工业相关的项目>】
【Step 3】翻译
For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.
主句：
For example, theymay encourageresearch in various ways, including...
翻译：例如，他们可能会以各种方式鼓励研究，包括...
翻译解释：状语的翻译需要根据表达习惯灵活调整，此处采取的翻译方法是：将状语置于所修饰名词encourage前。
including结构：
⓵the setting up of their own research centers;
翻译：建立他们自己的研究中心；
翻译解释：由于⓵⓶⓷为并列结构，且⓶⓷是句子，因此将⓵也译为句子。
⓶they may alter the structure of education, or interfere\\in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited;
翻译：他们可能会改变或干预教育结构，以便于减少自然资源的浪费或开发迄今为止还没被开采的资源；
改译：他们可能会改变或干预教育结构，以便于减少自然资源的浪费或开发迄今为止尚未开采的资源；
翻译解释：
1.本句较长，因此在in order to处断开；
2.被动的翻译：采取的翻译方法是模糊主被动关系，即直接删掉“被”字。
⓷or they may co-operate directly \\in the growing number of international projects \\related to science, economics and industry.
【Step 4】整合译文
例如，他们可能会以各种方式鼓励研究。包括建立他们自己的研究中心；他们可能会改变或干预教育结构，以便于减少自然资源的浪费或开发迄今为止尚未开采的资源；他们可能会在日益增多的跨国科学、经济和工业项目中直接进行合作。
【Step 5】润色译文
For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.
1.alter v.改变、变更、更改 与“改变”相关的同义替换<change, modify>
2.interfere v.干预、干涉、妨碍、干扰 同义替换词：intervene
3.tap v.开发、开发、利用（已有的资源、知识等）同义替换词：exploit
4.hitherto adv.迄今、到目前为止
无
END
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