2026年CATTI二/三级笔译真题汇总及答案详解(附阅卷失分点、扣分雷区、文章出处盘点)

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2026年CATTI二/三级笔译真题汇总及答案详解(附阅卷失分点、扣分雷区、文章出处盘点)

以下内容包含CATTI二级笔译、三级笔译(2026年全国翻译资格考试)真题(实务)

  • 原文

  • 译文

  • 出处&文章定位

  • 考点详解(阅卷核心得分点,高频失分点,严重扣分雷区,高分关键。。。盘点)

二口、一笔一口详解敬请期待。。。

CATTI-二级笔译

EC -1

原文

According to Germany's Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), output in Germany fell slightly in the third quarter, increasing the risk of a recession in Europe's biggest economy. And its GDP dropped by 0.1 percent in the July-to-September period compared with the previous quarter, when it grew by 0.1 percent.

Though investment by companies into machinery and equipment made a positive contribution to GDP, a fall in consumer spending drove the decline. The data bodes ill for the entire area that uses the euro because Germany is the largest of its 20 economies. Germany's economy is once again teetering on the brink of a technical recession. A technical recession is defined as two consecutive quarters of declining output.

The German economy has been flirting with recession for almost a year. GDP shrank in the final three months of 2022 before stagnating in the first quarter of this year. (An initial estimate by the statistics office has shown two consecutive quarters of declining output.)

Economists say the picture is unlikely to improve soon, as the country's vast manufacturing sector grapples with weak Chinese demand, high energy costs and painful interest rate hikes. Companies in the sector are shedding jobs at the fastest rate in three years, as new orders decline and confidence remains deeply negative.

There was better news on inflation. Consumer prices rose by 3 percent on average in October compared with a year ago, according to an initial estimate. This marked a sharp slowdown from a rate of 4.3 percent in September.

While Germany's economy may be particularly hard-hit, business activity in the rest of the euro area has also been lackluster and economists think a period of stagnation, or even a mild recession, is looming in the region. A recent survey of companies in the eurozone's manufacturing and services sectors signaled a steep decline in output in October. The outlook for demand for goods and services also worsened.

Still, third-quarter GDP data in the euro area is a "mixed bag so far". While Germany and Austria contracted, Belgium and Spain grew strongly. This makes it likely that euro zone GDP did not contract in the third quarter - but a small decline in the fourth quarter is a realistic prospect.

译文

德国联邦统计局(Destatis)数据显示,德国第三季度经济产出小幅下滑,加剧了这个欧洲第一大经济体陷入衰退的风险。该国7至9月国内生产总值(GDP)环比下降0.1%,而二季度GDP环比增幅为0.1%。

尽管企业机械设备投资对GDP形成正向拉动,但居民消费支出下滑是拖累经济走弱的核心因素。德国是欧元区20个经济体中体量最大的成员国,因此该数据给整个欧元区经济前景蒙上阴影。德国经济再度徘徊在技术性衰退边缘,技术性衰退的定义为经济产出连续两个季度出现萎缩。

近一年来,德国经济始终在衰退边缘反复摇摆。2022年第四季度德国GDP出现萎缩,今年一季度经济则陷入停滞。(联邦统计局初步估算数据显示,该国经济产出已连续两个季度下滑。)

经济学家表示,德国经济短期难有起色,该国庞大制造业正面临三重困境:对华需求疲软、能源成本居高不下以及大幅加息带来的压力。受新增订单持续减少、市场信心长期低迷影响,制造业企业裁员速度创下三年新高。

通胀方面则传来利好消息。初步估算数据显示,10月居民消费价格同比平均上涨3%,较9月4.3%的通胀涨幅大幅回落。

尽管德国遭受的经济冲击尤为严重,但欧元区其余经济体商业活动同样表现疲软。经济学家判断,欧元区即将迎来一段经济停滞期,甚至可能出现轻度衰退。一项面向欧元区制造业、服务业企业的最新调查显示,10月区域整体经济产出大幅下滑,商品与服务需求前景同步恶化。

不过从目前已公布的数据来看,欧元区三季度GDP表现好坏参半。德国、奥地利经济出现萎缩,比利时与西班牙则实现强劲增长。由此推测,欧元区整体三季度GDP大概率不会出现萎缩,但四季度经济小幅下行已是符合现实的预期。

考点详解

【出处&定位】

原文摘自CNN 财经新闻报道《Europe’s biggest economy shrank in the third quarter, spelling trouble for the region》,

作者 Hanna Ziady,

发布时间 2023 年 10 月 30 日;数据源头为德国联邦统计局(Destatis)2023 年 10 月 30 日官方 GDP 初步测算公告,属于国际主流媒体转载欧盟官方宏观经济数据的标准财经外刊文本。

原文链接

https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/30/economy/germany-gdp-q3-recession/index.html

【考点归纳】

(一)专业术语考点(必背,错译直接扣分)

统计机构专有名词

Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) — 德国联邦统计局(固定官网译法,不可译作 “德国联邦统计署”)

GDP 核心统计指标

output 经济产出;stagnate 经济停滞;contract (GDP)萎缩;shrink 总量收缩

quarter-on-quarter /compared with the previous quarter 环比

year-on-year /compared with a year ago 同比

initial estimate 初步估算(统计局固定表述)

衰退标准定义

technical recession 技术性衰退(官方统一定义:连续两季度产出萎缩,定义句翻译为一级高频考点)

two consecutive quarters 连续两个季度

产业与内需术语

machinery and equipment 机械设备;manufacturing sector 制造业;services sectors 服务业

consumer spending 居民消费支出;consumer prices 居民消费价格(CPI 口径)

new orders 新增订单

货币政策与通胀

interest rate hikes 加息;inflation 通胀;inflation slowdown 通胀回落

区域经济概念

euro area /eurozone 欧元区;20 eurozone economies 欧元区 20 个经济体

市场情绪与就业

shed jobs 裁员;confidence remains deeply negative 市场信心持续低迷

(二)数字翻译考点

增速表述规范:dropped by 0.1 percent 环比下降 0.1%;grew by 0.1 percent 环比增长 0.1%

时间区间转换:July-to-September period → 7 至 9 月(三季度,不可直译 “七月到九月周期”)

年份季度规范:final three months of 2022 → 2022 年第四季度

(三)财经隐喻短语转换考点(杜绝直译,贴合中文财经文风)

teetering on the brink of 在…… 边缘徘徊

flirting with recession 经济在衰退边缘反复摇摆

bodes ill for 给…… 经济前景蒙上阴霾

mixed bag 数据表现分化、好坏参半

looming stagnation/mild recession 经济停滞、轻度衰退风险将至

(四)语域与逻辑考点(高分关键)

静态英文名词动态化转换:make a positive contribution → 形成正向拉动(避免直译 “做出积极贡献”);

弱动词强化适配财经语境:drive the decline → 拖累经济走弱;grapple with → 承受 / 面临多重压力;

篇章逻辑衔接:英文无显性连接词,中文补充 “据此判断、不过、尽管” 等逻辑连词。

二、翻译避坑点

(一)术语类致命坑(错译直接失分)

Destatis 不可省略、不可译作 “德国统计局”,必须完整标注 “德国联邦统计局(Destatis)”;

technical recession 严禁译作 “技术衰退”,宏观经济固定术语技术性衰退;

consumer spending 不能译为 “消费者开销”,统一官方口径居民消费支出;

shed jobs 不可直译 “丢掉工作”,财经标准表述裁员;

euro area 统一译 “欧元区”,不混用 “欧元地区、欧元区域”。

(二)数字与统计规范坑

混淆 “环比 / 同比”:compared with previous quarter = 环比;compared with a year ago = 同比,颠倒直接判定信息错误;

percent 表述冗余:“下降 0.1 个百分点” 仅适用于利率、差值,GDP 增速直接写 “下降 0.1%”;

季度转换错误:final three months 是四季度,不可译作 “2022 年末三个月”。

(三)字面直译翻译腔大坑

flirting with recession ❌ 和衰退调情 ✅ 在衰退边缘反复摇摆

bodes ill ❌ 预示坏消息 ✅ 给经济前景蒙上阴霾

mixed bag ❌ 大杂烩 ✅ 数据好坏参半、表现分化

painful interest rate hikes ❌ 痛苦的加息 ✅ 大幅加息带来的冲击

picture is unlikely to improve ❌ 画面不会好转 ✅ 经济短期难有起色

EC -2

原文

Translation is the silent waiter who gets noticed only when he makes mistakes. Sometimes these are relatively minor errors.

But history is littered with more consequential mistranslations—erroneous, intentional or simply misunderstood. For a job that often involves endless hours poring over books or laptop screens, translation can prove surprisingly hazardous.

Nikita Khrushchev's infamous statement in 1956—”We will bury you”—ushered in one of the Cold War's most dangerous phases, one rife with paranoia and conviction that both sides were out to destroy the other. But it turns out that's not what he said, not in Russian, anyway. Khrushchev's actual declaration was “We will outlast you”—prematurely boastful, perhaps, but not quite the declaration of hostilities most Americans heard, thanks to his interpreter's mistake.

The response of Kantaro Suzuki, prime minister of Japan, to an Allied ultimatum in July 1945—just days before Hiroshima (广岛)—was conveyed to Harry Truman as “silent contempt”, when it was actually intended as “No comment. We need more time.” Japan was not given any.

And the events of Sept. 11, and everything that followed, might well have been averted had the Arabic-language messages that American intelligence intercepted on Sept. 10 been processed sooner than the 12th—a matter less of misreading than of personnel shortages, but a failure of translation nonetheless.

These are recent instances, but examples stretch back to antiquity. The Bible, reportedly the most translated book of all time, has begotten not only the longest-running debates about translation, including the endless war between fidelity and felicity, but also some notable misconceptions.

When Jerome, the patron saint of translators, rendered the Bible into Latin, he introduced a pun that created one of the most potent symbols of Christian iconography, turning the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil into the tree of apples.

Of course, “mistranslation” is often in the eye of the beholder, and its consequences can range from the philosophical to the fatal. A populist English translation of the New Testament by the 16th-century scholar William Tyndale got him executed by the clergy for heresy.

More recently, The Armed Forces Journal reported in 2011 that interpreters in Iraq were “10 times more likely to die in combat than deployed American or international forces.” Perhaps, in a further twist on the old Italian pun “translator, traitor”, neither the troops they were interpreting for nor the enemy they were speaking to had complete faith in what they related.

译文

翻译如同沉默的侍者,唯有出错时才会被人留意。有时,这些失误只是无伤大雅的小差错。

但历史上充斥着后果更为严重的误译 —— 有的源于理解偏差,有的出于刻意篡改,还有的纯粹是沟通误解。翻译这份工作常常要求从业者长时间埋首书卷、紧盯电脑屏幕,可谁能想到,它竟暗藏着意想不到的凶险。

1956 年,尼基塔・赫鲁晓夫那句引发巨大争议的发言 ——“我们必将埋葬你们”,直接将冷战推向风险最高的阶段。彼时双方猜忌丛生,都笃定对方一心想要毁灭自己。然而事实证明,这并非赫鲁晓夫的本意,至少俄语原文并非如此。赫鲁晓夫真正想表达的是 “我们会比你们活得更久”。这话或许透着过早的自负,但绝非多数美国人理解的宣战言论,而这一切的根源,就是译员的一处翻译失误。

1945 年 7 月,距广岛原子弹爆炸仅数日,日本首相铃木贯太郎对同盟国最后通牒作出回应。美方收到的翻译结果是 “以沉默示轻蔑”,但铃木的本意实为 “不予置评,我方需要更多考量时间”。可日本最终没有等到喘息之机。

倘若美国情报部门 9 月 10 日截获的阿拉伯语情报能在 11 日前完成译解,9・11 恐怖袭击及其后续一系列悲剧本有可能避免。这并非文字误读,根源在于译员人手短缺,但归根结底仍是翻译环节的重大疏漏。

以上均为近现代案例,而类似事件自古有之。据称《圣经》是人类史上译本最多的典籍,围绕它产生了延续千年的翻译论战,其中最核心的矛盾便是译文忠实度与行文流畅度之争,同时也衍生出诸多影响深远的认知偏差。

翻译从业者的守护圣徒哲罗姆将《圣经》译为拉丁文时,活用双关修辞,塑造出基督教图像艺术中最具代表性的意象之一:他把 “分辨善恶树” 译作苹果树。

当然,何为 “误译” 往往仁者见仁,其造成的后果也轻重悬殊,小到引发哲学思辨,大到酿成杀身之祸。16 世纪学者威廉・廷代尔推出通俗英文版《新约》,教会以异端罪名判处他死刑。

更近的一则事例出自 2011 年《武装部队期刊》的报道:在伊拉克执行任务的口译人员阵亡概率,是驻伊美军及其他国际驻军的十倍。意大利有一句流传已久的双关谚语:“译者即叛徒”。而现实中还有一层讽刺意味 —— 无论是他们服务的己方军队,还是沟通的敌方,都无法全然信任他们转述的内容。

考点详解

【原文出处】

文本选自欧美文化类深度专栏,主题为翻译失误引发的重大历史事件,属于 CATTI笔译高频文史社科英译汉素材,文本兼具历史叙事、翻译理论、国际关系三重属性。

原文标题:Why mistranslation matters

作者Mark Polizzotti

发布媒体:Gulf News(阿联酋主流英文媒体)

发布时间:2018-11-05

原文链接

https://gulfnews.com/lifestyle/why-mistranslation-matters-1.2274932

文章列举从古至今典型误译案例,覆盖冷战外交、二战对日谈判、9・11 情报疏漏、《圣经》译介、近代宗教翻译惨案、战地口译高危现状,论证翻译失误足以改变历史走向,同时探讨 “忠实 vs 通顺” 经典翻译二元矛盾、西方谚语 “译者即叛徒”。

书面正式叙事语体,融合外交、宗教、军事、翻译理论多领域术语;大量历史专有名词、典故、双关语;长短句交错,兼具故事可读性与思辨性;多处隐喻、文学化修辞,翻译需兼顾史实准确与中文书面文风。

【核心考点归纳】

(一)专有名词 / 专业术语考点(官网 / 国内史学固定译法)

人物、历史专有名词

Nikita Khrushchev 尼基塔・赫鲁晓夫

Kantaro Suzuki 铃木贯太郎

Harry Truman 哈里・杜鲁门

Jerome 哲罗姆(翻译圣徒,宗教固定译名,不译杰罗姆)

William Tyndale 威廉・廷代尔

Hiroshima 广岛

历史 / 国际政治概念

the Cold War 冷战

Allied ultimatum 同盟国最后通牒

populist English translation 通俗英文译本 heresy 异端

宗教经典术语

the Bible 《圣经》

the New Testament 《新约》

Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil 分辨善恶树

Christian iconography 基督教图像艺术

patron saint of translators 翻译从业者守护圣徒

军事、情报术语

intercepted messages 截获情报

deployed forces 驻外驻军 / 战地驻军

The Armed Forces Journal 《武装部队期刊》

combat 战地作战

interpreter 口译员;译员

(二)修辞与谚语翻译考点

Translation is the silent waiter who gets noticed only when he makes mistakes.

隐喻修辞:直译生硬,需转化中文书面比喻 “翻译如同沉默的侍者”

translator, traitor 意大利经典双关谚语,固定译法:译者即叛徒

endless war between fidelity and felicity 翻译界经典二元命题:译文忠实度与行文流畅度之争

(三)长难句拆解考点

后置定语堆砌长句:

But history is littered with more consequential mistranslations—erroneous, intentional or simply misunderstood.

英文后置形容词分类,中文调整语序分层罗列:有的源于理解偏差,有的出于刻意篡改,还有的纯粹是沟通误解。

虚拟语气长句:

had the Arabic-language messages... been processed sooner... might well have been averted

倒装虚拟条件句,中文调整为叙事顺承:倘若…… 本有可能避免……

(四)数字、时间规范

Sept. 11 9・11(国内通用简写,无需完整译 9 月 11 日);

10 times more likely 概率高出十倍,不可错译为 “十倍死亡率”。

(五)逻辑衔接转换

英文依靠句式隐含逻辑,中文补充逻辑词:然而、可、倘若、归根结底、同时、而现实中;区分转折、假设、因果关系。

三、翻译避坑点(CATTI 高频扣分雷区)

(一)专有名词错译致命坑

Jerome 不可译作 “杰罗姆”,宗教史学统一译哲罗姆;

William Tyndale 廷代尔,勿译作丁代尔、泰恩代尔;

The Armed Forces Journal 固定刊名加书名号,不可简化 “军队杂志”;

Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil 宗教标准译 “分辨善恶树”,不直译 “善恶知识树”。

(二)谚语、双关直译坑(严重翻译腔扣分)

translator, traitor ❌ 翻译者就是叛徒 ✅ 译者即叛徒(固定文史译法,保留谚语简洁感)

the silent waiter ❌ 沉默的服务员 ✅ 沉默的侍者(书面文雅用词,适配议论文语体)

endless war between fidelity and felicity ❌ 忠实和流畅无休止的战争 ✅ 译文忠实度与行文流畅度之争

(三)虚拟语气理解偏差(信息失真,大幅扣分)

原文 had 引导倒装虚拟,表 “本可以避免却未能实现”,不可译作 “只要处理完就能阻止”,丢失遗憾、已然发生悲剧的语义。

(四)语义轻重失度坑

infamous statement ❌ 邪恶发言 ✅ 引发巨大争议的发言(客观中立,不添加主观贬义)

declaration of hostilities ❌ 宣战书 ✅ 宣战言论

fatal ❌ 死亡的 ✅ 酿成杀身之祸

CE -1

原文

人工智能是个热门话题。自从ChatGPT爆火以来,大家都在讨论如何在全球AI领域中取得领先优势。人工智能的快速发展取决于三个核心要素:算法、算力和数据。首先,我国拥有庞大的互联网用户群体,是产生大数据的主要动力。但如何采集并有效应用这些大数据则是个挑战。其次,算力是数据转变为知识的基础设施,ChatGPT之所以取得了惊人的效果,正是基于创新的算法和精益求精的工程化能力。所以,要大力发展人工智能的算法及工程应用。

那么,是否有了数据、有了算法的结构、有了算力,那就万事大吉了呢?实际上这是一个十分复杂的过程。和造芯片一样,原理大家都懂,魔鬼在细节。打个比方吧,大数据好比食材,想要菜品好,必须有好食材。算力好比厨具和火候,没有合适的厨具,火候掌握得不好,也不行。当然,菜是不是好吃,靠厨师。厨师就好比算法。

译文

Artificial intelligence has become a hot topic. Ever since ChatGPT went viral, there has been widespread discussion over how to secure a leading edge in the global AI landscape. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence hinges on three core pillars: algorithms, computing power and data.

First of all, China boasts a huge base of internet users, which serves as a major driver for the generation of big data. That said, collecting such big data and putting it to effective use poses a real challenge. Secondly, computing power acts as the infrastructure that transforms raw data into valuable insights. ChatGPT delivered stunning performance precisely thanks to its innovative algorithms and refined engineering capabilities. Therefore, we must vigorously advance the development of AI algorithms and their engineering applications.

Does that mean everything will fall perfectly into place once we have data, algorithm frameworks and sufficient computing power? In reality, the whole process is extraordinarily intricate. Much like chip manufacturing, the underlying principles are widely understood, yet the devil lies in the details. To draw an analogy: big data can be compared to ingredients. Fine dishes cannot be made without high-quality raw materials. Computing power is equivalent to kitchen utensils and heat control; substandard tools or poor mastery of heat will ruin the cooking process. Ultimately, the taste of a dish hinges on the chef — and the chef stands for algorithms.

考点详解

【出处&定位】

典型国内产业政策类议论文,是 CATTI 二级笔译汉译英高频必考题材,素材取自国内科技产业评论、人工智能行业科普文稿,贴合近年实务真题命题方向(数字经济、人工智能、芯片产业链)。

围绕人工智能三大核心要素(数据、算力、算法)展开论述,结合 ChatGPT 产业实例、芯片制造类比、生活化做菜比喻,分析我国大数据资源优势与产业落地难点,辩证说明三类要素缺一不可。

书面正式科普语体,兼具政策表述与通俗类比;包含大量人工智能、数字经济标准化专业术语;设问论证结构,穿插比喻修辞;长短句结合,中文多短句、流水句,英译时需重构英文主谓逻辑,避免零散碎句。

二级汉译英重点考察科技术语标准化转换、中文流水句拆分重组、中文俗语 / 比喻地道英译、政策性动词规范译法、设问句英文句式转换,文本难度与二级实务真题完全匹配。

【核心考点归纳】

(一)数字科技专业术语考点(阅卷扣分重点,必须统一

人工智能基础术语

人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI);

算法 algorithm;

算力 computing power;

大数据 big data

工程化能力 engineering capabilities;

工程应用 engineering applications

算法结构 algorithm frameworks

产业固定搭配

取得领先优势 secure a leading edge;

全球 AI 领域 the global AI landscape

核心要素 core pillars(科技文本优于 core elements)

互联网用户群体 a base of internet users;

基础设施 infrastructure

芯片产业链

造芯片 chip manufacturing;

原理 underlying principles

(二)中文流行网络 / 俗语英译考点(二级高频修辞考点)

爆火 go viral(媒体科技文本固定译法,不可译作 very popular)

万事大吉 everything will fall perfectly into place

魔鬼在细节 the devil lies in the details(英文固定谚语,直接套用)

打个比方 to draw an analogy(书面正式表达,替代口语 for example)

好比 can be compared to /is equivalent to

(三)中文政策性动词规范翻译考点

大力发展 vigorously advance the development of…(政府 / 产业文本标准搭配,不用 develop greatly)

取得惊人效果 deliver stunning performance(AI 模型专用表述,避免 achieve amazing results)

取决于 hinge on(书面正式,优于 depend on)

产生大数据 the generation of big data

有效应用 put sth. to effective use

(四)中文句式转换核心考点(二级重难点)

中文无主句补充主语:“想要菜品好,必须有好食材” → Fine dishes cannot be made without high-quality raw materials,补充英文逻辑主语,规避无主语病句;

中文流水句合并:原文连续短句类比(食材、厨具、厨师),英文用分号、破折号分层,构建连贯复合句;

设问句转换:中文反问 “那就万事大吉了呢?” 译为标准英文一般疑问句 Does that mean…;

因果逻辑显性化:中文无连接词隐性因果,英文补充 thanks to, therefore, that said 逻辑连接词;

长定语后置调整:中文前置定语 “创新的算法和精益求精的工程化能力”,英文后置修饰名词。

(五)数字与国情表述规范考点

我国拥有庞大的互联网用户群体:China boasts a huge base of internet users

boast 中性客观,专用于表述国家 / 产业拥有资源优势,无贬义,是官方产业文本固定用词。

四、翻译避坑点(CATTI 二级高频扣分雷区)

(一)术语翻译硬伤(错译直接扣除术语分)

算力 ❌ calculation power ✅ computing power(人工智能行业全球统一术语)

工程化 ❌ project capacity ✅ engineering capabilities

领先优势 ❌ get first place ✅ secure a leading edge(产业经济固定搭配)

算法结构 ❌ algorithm structure ✅ algorithm frameworks

(二)中式英语典型扣分坑

“爆火” 直译为 explode /very hot:错误,科技媒体统一 go viral;

“万事大吉” 直译 all things good:中式表达,固定习语 fall perfectly into place;

“魔鬼在细节” 直译 devil is in small things:必须使用英文原生谚语 the devil lies in the details;

“菜品好” 直译 dish delicious:书面语体统一 fine dishes,不用简单 food;

滥用 make/do:“取得惊人效果” 不译作 make amazing effect,AI 领域专用 deliver performance。

(三)句式逻辑扣分坑

照搬中文零散短句,不做合并重组:英文禁止连续独立简单句堆砌,多个短句需用从句、分词、连词衔接;

无主句不补主语:中文省略主语的条件句、陈述句,英译必须补充逻辑主语,否则判定语法错误;

逻辑连接词缺失:中文依靠语境表转折、因果,英文必须添加 that said, therefore, precisely thanks to,逻辑模糊大幅降档。

(四)语体失衡扣分坑

过度口语化:使用 cooker、stuff、cool 等非正式词汇,产业科普文本需保持中性书面词汇;

过于文学化华丽词汇:本文本为科技议论文,无需过度修辞,保持客观平实;

比喻前后不统一:全文类比食材、厨具、厨师统一使用 compare/equivalent,译法不可中途更换。

CE -2

原文

中国始终坚持男女平等的宪法原则,将男女平等作为促进国家社会发展的一项基本国策,不断完善法律法规,制定公共政策,编制发展规划,持续推进性别平等与妇女发展。

平等参与经济活动和公平享有经济资源是妇女生存发展的基本条件。中国在实施全方位扶贫战略中,统筹考虑城镇化、老龄化、市场化及气候变化等因素对妇女贫困的影响,加大妇女扶贫脱贫力度。贫困妇女人数大幅减少,妇女贫困程度不断降低。

就业是民生之本。国家制定和完善法律法规,促进公平就业,消除就业性别歧视。针对不同妇女群体就业创业中面临的困难,国家出台支持性政策措施。2021年全国女性就业人数为 3.2亿,占就业总数的43.1%。

中国积极促进教育公平,努力保障男女平等接受教育的权利和机会。女性接受初中及以上,特别是高等教育的机会显著增加。全国 15 岁及以上女性文盲率已由1979年的20.5%降至 2017年的7.3%。

译文

China has always upheld the constitutional principle of gender equality, taking gender equality as a basic state policy for national and social development. It has continuously improved laws and regulations, formulated public policies, drawn up development plans, and steadily advanced gender equality and women’s development.

Equal participation in economic activities and equitable access to economic resources constitute the fundamental conditions for women’s survival and development. In implementing its comprehensive poverty alleviation strategy, China has taken into full account the impacts of urbanization, population aging, marketization, climate change and other factors on women’s poverty, and intensified poverty reduction efforts targeting women. The number of women living in poverty has dropped markedly, and the severity of poverty among women has continued to ease.

Employment is the foundation of people’s wellbeing. The state has enacted and refined laws and regulations to advance fair employment and eliminate gender discrimination in the workplace. Targeting difficulties encountered by different groups of women in employment and entrepreneurship, the state has rolled out supportive policies and measures. In 2021, the number of employed women nationwide stood at 320 million, accounting for 43.1 percent of the total employed population.

China vigorously promotes equity in education and strives to safeguard women and men’s equal rights and opportunities to receive education. Women have gained remarkably greater access to junior high school and above education, especially higher education. The illiteracy rate among women aged 15 and above nationwide fell from 20.5 percent in 1979 to 7.3 percent in 2017.

考点详解

【出处&定位】

文本取材:《新时代中国推进妇女全面发展的实践与成就》2025 白皮书、历年《中国性别平等与妇女发展》白皮书

发布机构:国务院新闻办公室

官方权威原文链接

2025 最新白皮书(中国政府网):https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202509/content_7041431.htm

围绕我国男女平等基本国策,从经济发展、扶贫、就业、教育四大维度阐述保障妇女权益的制度、政策与量化成果,包含国策表述、法律建设、扶贫举措、就业统计、扫盲数据等官方规范内容。

文章严谨正式政府书面语体,句式规整、多并列动宾短语、大量政策固定搭配、权威统计数字;无口语修辞,客观陈述国家举措与成效;中文多无主句、四字并列短句,英译需补充主语、重构英文平行结构。重点考察官方固定国策术语、公文动词标准化译法、中文并列流水句处理、统计数字规范英译、民生 / 扶贫 / 教育领域专业表达,是二级汉译英核心备考文体。

【核心考点归纳】

(一)妇女与人权官方固定术语(阅卷核心得分点)

国策与法律

男女平等 gender equality

宪法原则 constitutional principle

基本国策 basic state policy

法律法规 laws and regulations

妇女发展核心表述

妇女发展 women’s development

性别歧视 gender discrimination

妇女权益 women’s rights and interests

平等接受教育 equal access to education

文盲率 illiteracy rate

扶贫、经济民生

全方位扶贫战略 comprehensive poverty alleviation strategy

扶贫脱贫 poverty reduction efforts targeting women

民生之本 the foundation of people’s wellbeing

公平就业 fair employment

就业创业 employment and entrepreneurship

经济资源 economic resources

社会发展术语

城镇化 urbanization

老龄化 population aging

市场化 marketization

气候变化 climate change

发展规划 development plans

(二)公文类规范动词考点(政府文本固定搭配,拒绝简单直译)

始终坚持 uphold(宪法、原则专用,不用 insist)

完善 refine /improve;制定 formulate /enact

编制(规划)draw up(官方规划固定搭配)

持续推进 steadily advance

统筹考虑 take into full account

加大力度 intensify efforts to…

出台政策 roll out policies

保障权利 safeguard rights

(三)中文并列短句 / 无主句转换考点(二级重难点)

中文长串并列动宾:完善法律法规,制定公共政策,编制发展规划

英文统一平行结构:improved laws and regulations, formulated public policies, drawn up development plans

中文无主句统一补充主语 It/China,符合英文公文行文习惯,避免残缺句;

多层定语后置调整:“不同妇女群体就业创业中面临的困难” 译为 difficulties encountered by different groups of women in employment and entrepreneurship。

(四)统计数字规范考点

3.2 亿:320 million(英文数字不保留小数点亿级写法)

占比 accounting for + 百分比;数值 stood at + 数字

年龄表述:15 岁及以上 aged 15 and above(人口统计标准写法)

降幅表达:fall/drop from X percent in A to Y percent in B

(五)固定句式与逻辑转换考点

“是…… 基本条件” constitute the fundamental conditions for(公文正式句式,不用 is basic condition)

目的状语显性化:中文隐性目的,英文用 to do、for 引导逻辑;

递进语义处理:特别是高等教育 especially higher education。

四、翻译避坑点(二级高频扣分雷区)

(一)术语错译硬伤

男女平等 ❌ men and women equal ✅ gender equality(外交部、白皮书唯一标准译法)

基本国策 ❌ basic national policy ✅ basic state policy(官方固定搭配,不可混用)

扶贫 ❌ help poor women ✅ poverty alleviation /poverty reduction

文盲率 ❌ uneducated rate ✅ illiteracy rate

民生之本 ❌ people’s life base ✅ the foundation of people’s wellbeing

(二)中式英语扣分坑

“坚持原则” 直译 persist principle:错误,原则搭配 uphold a principle;

“编制规划” write plans:口语化,公文必须 draw up development plans;

“加大力度” make bigger efforts:中式表达,标准 intensify efforts;

“公平享有资源” fairly own resources:错误,官方 equitable access to resources;

(三)句式结构扣分坑

堆砌零散简单句:中文并列短句不可全部单独成句,英文采用平行并列结构;

无主句不补充 China/It 作主语,被判语法残缺大幅降档;

多层定语全部前置,英文定语过长,需后置分词 / 从句修饰。

CATTI-三级笔译

EC 

原文

Over the past week, the media have been inundated with news of the “de-extinction” of the dire wolf (恐狼)—a species that went extinct about 13,000 years ago. The breakthrough has been achieved by Colossal Biosciences (巨创生物科学公司), a multibillion-dollar United States company that claims their goal is to restore biodiversity through the de-extinction of species. The project is being debated and marketed as a conservation win. But does this technology really have the best interests of conservation in mind? We argue as ecologists that genetic advancements like these, while they are major scientific and technological feats, still risk minimizing the severity of the current extinction crisis. Importantly, they take away focus from proven conservation efforts that are needed to protect the biodiversity that remains.

First, it is important to recognize that the three “dire wolf” pups created are not actually dire wolves. Colossal carried out 20 edits in 14 genes of the grey wolf genome to create their “dire wolves” using a genetic technique called CRISPR-Cas9. The grey wolf's genome is 2.4 billion base pairs (碱基对) long. Would we consider a chimpanzee, with which we share 98.8% of our genome, to be human after 20 edits? The reality is that there are three slightly modified grey wolves.

This de-extinction project has had millions of dollars poured into it—amounts of money most conservation programs could only dream of. There are proven solutions to help reverse biodiversity loss: habitat protection and restoration, the control of invasive species and the phasing out of fossil fuels. However, those solutions are not slickly marketed as shiny, techno-fix packages like de-extinction. Instead, they are heavily underfunded.

Promoting extinction as reversible risks downplaying its gravity and legacy. Headlines like the one that appeared on the front cover of TIME magazine—with the word “extinct” crossed out—seed a false hope that no matter what environmental damage is done, species loss can be easily undone. The risk is that de-extinction will be used as an ultimate offset for any environment impact. It is what makes fighting biodiversity loss such an urgent concern, so much so that people risk their lives to prevent it, with 150 wildlife rangers dying each year around the world in their fight to protect endangered species. Framing extinction as temporary creates false hope and undermines motivation for real conservation action.

We might already be seeing this happen in response to the “de-extinction” of the dire wolf. Interior Secretary of the US administration, Doug Burgum (道格・伯古姆), praised the new biotechnology advancement and used it as an argument for the removal of the US Endangered Species Act. What good is bringing back species if there are no protective laws to address the drivers of their declines? It is deeply ironic that while millions are being spent recreating a dire wolf proxy, its cousin, the grey wolf, is heavily persecuted globally; other predators are affected, too. In Australia, the dingo, which has been shown to suppress invasive cats and red foxes, helping native biodiversity, is also heavily persecuted.

If we can't safeguard or protect habitat for apex predators today, in ecosystems that are already under immense pressure, what kind of world would we be bringing extinct species back into? Up to 150 species are considered to go extinct every day. No amount of genetic tech will solve this unless we address the root causes: habitat destruction, over-exploitation and climate change. The de-extinction of the dire wolf may sound like a conservation breakthrough, but it risks distracting us from the protection of our current living species. This approach turns biodiversity conservation into a billionaire's Jurassic Park fantasy instead of addressing the crisis we already know how to fix.

译文

过去一周,各大媒体铺天盖地报道恐狼 “复活” 的相关消息。恐狼是约 1.3 万年前灭绝的物种。取得这一技术突破的企业是美国市值数十亿美元的巨创生物科学公司。该企业称,其目标是通过复活已灭绝物种恢复生物多样性。这一项目一面引来各界争论,一面又被宣传为生态保护领域的重大成果。但这项技术真的以生态保护的核心利益为出发点吗?作为生态学者,我们认为,此类基因技术进步固然是重大科技成就,却可能弱化当下物种灭绝危机的严峻程度。更关键的是,它会分散公众注意力,使人们忽视那些经过实践验证、用以保护现存生物多样性的保护举措。

首先我们要认清,培育出的三只恐狼幼崽并非真正的恐狼。巨创公司采用 CRISPR-Cas9 基因编辑技术,对灰狼基因组内 14 个基因完成 20 处编辑,以此培育出所谓的 “恐狼”。灰狼基因组包含 24 亿个碱基对。人类与黑猩猩基因组相似度达 98.8%,倘若我们对黑猩猩的基因完成 20 处编辑,我们就能把改造后的黑猩猩视作人类吗?事实是,这三只幼崽只是经过轻微基因改造的灰狼。

这项物种复活项目投入了数百万美元,这样的资金规模是绝大多数生态保护项目难以企及的。目前已有经实践验证、能够扭转生物多样性衰减趋势的解决方案:栖息地保护与修复、管控入侵物种、逐步淘汰化石燃料。然而,这些方案不像物种复活技术那样被包装成光鲜亮眼、一劳永逸的科技解决方案大肆宣传,反而长期资金严重短缺。

宣扬物种灭绝可以逆转,会淡化灭绝事件的严重性与长远负面影响。《时代》周刊封面曾刊登标题,将 “灭绝” 一词划去,这类报道催生一种错误认知:无论造成何种环境破坏,消失的物种都能轻易复原。其隐患在于,物种复活技术可能沦为各类环境破坏行为的终极补偿手段。正因物种消亡问题万分紧迫,才有无数人不惜以生命为代价守护野生动物 —— 全球每年有 150 名野生动物巡护员在保护濒危物种的工作中殉职。倘若把物种灭绝描述为暂时性现象,只会催生不切实际的幻想,削弱人们开展实质性生态保护行动的动力。

恐狼 “复活” 一事已经显现出这类负面影响。美国内政部长道格・伯古姆对这项全新生物技术成果大加赞赏,还以此为依据主张废除《美国濒危物种法案》。倘若缺少相关保护法律去解决物种消亡的根源问题,复活物种又有何意义?极具讽刺意味的是,人们斥资数百万培育恐狼替代个体,可它的近亲灰狼正在全球范围内遭受大规模捕杀,其他掠食动物也难逃此劫。澳大利亚野犬能够压制入侵物种野猫与赤狐,助力本土生物多样性存续,却同样遭到大量捕杀。

如今各类生态系统本就承受巨大压力,倘若我们连顶级掠食动物的栖息地都无力守护,即便复活灭绝物种,它们又将生活在怎样的环境中?全球每天多达 150 个物种走向灭绝。除非我们解决栖息地破坏、过度开发、气候变化这些根源问题,否则再多基因技术也无法化解危机。恐狼复活看似是生态保护领域的突破性进展,实则可能让我们偏离保护现存物种的核心工作。这种思路将生物多样性保护变成了亿万富翁笔下的《侏罗纪公园》式幻想,而非着力应对我们已有成熟解决办法的生态危机。

考点详解

【出处&定位】

文本原型取自国际生态学者联名评论文章。大量分子生物学、野生动物保护专有名词;包含反问、对比、讽刺类表达;长复合句密集,多后置定语、插入语;穿插企业、法案、期刊、官员专有名词。

原文标题:Dire wolf ‘de-extinction’ promotes false hope 作者:悉尼大学生态学联合课题组 发布平台:The Conversation(全球权威科普学术媒体) 发布时间:2025-04-16

原文链接

https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2025/04/16/dire-wolf--de-extinction--promotes-false-hope.html

三级英译汉重点考察专业术语精准转换、英文长句拆分、被动语态转中文主动句式、数字规范翻译、讽刺 / 反问修辞自然转述、欧美机构人名地名标准化译法,侧重译文通顺、信息无遗漏、无明显翻译腔。

【核心考点归纳】

(一)生物、基因专业术语考点

物种与古生物

de-extinction 物种复活 / 灭绝物种再造

dire wolf 恐狼

grey wolf 灰狼

apex predator 顶级掠食动物

基因技术

genome 基因组;base pairs 碱基对

CRISPR-Cas9 基因编辑技术(通用英文缩写,直接保留不译)

genetic technique 基因技术;genetic advancements 基因技术进步

gene edit 基因编辑

生态保护核心术语

biodiversity 生物多样性

habitat protection and restoration 栖息地保护与修复

invasive species 入侵物种

endangered species 濒危物种

wildlife rangers 野生动物巡护员

over-exploitation 过度开发

fossil fuels 化石燃料

(二)机构、法案、专有名词考点

企业:Colossal Biosciences 巨创生物科学公司(官方中文译名)

刊物:TIME magazine 《时代》周刊

法案:US Endangered Species Act 《美国濒危物种法案》

人名职务:Interior Secretary 内政部长;Doug Burgum 道格・伯古姆

地域物种:dingo 澳大利亚野犬;red fox 赤狐;chimpanzee 黑猩猩

(三)固定短语、修辞转换考点(三级高频)

be inundated with news 媒体铺天盖地报道相关消息

techno-fix packages 一劳永逸的科技解决方案

phase out 逐步淘汰

downplay its gravity 淡化事件严重性

ultimate offset 终极补偿手段

seed a false hope 催生不切实际的幻想

turn…into fantasy 将…… 变成幻想

root causes 根源问题

(四)长难句拆解考点

被动语态转换:英文大量被动(is being debated /are considered to go extinct)统一转为中文主动句式;

插入语拆分:同位语、企业补充说明、举例插入语单独拆分短句,避免一句话臃肿;

反问句转中文通顺问句:Would we consider… 译为 “倘若…… 我们就能视作…… 吗?”,保留质疑语气;

while 引导让步状语:英文后置让步,中文前置 “固然、尽管” 理顺逻辑。

(五)数字、单位规范考点

时间:13,000 years ago 约 1.3 万年前

基因数据:20 edits in 14 genes 14 个基因完成 20 处编辑;2.4 billion base pairs 24 亿个碱基对;98.8% 相似度达 98.8%

统计数据:150 wildlife rangers 150 名野生动物巡护员;Up to 150 species per day 每天多达 150 个物种

(六)逻辑衔接转换考点

英文依靠从句、分词隐含因果、转折、对比逻辑;中文补充 “首先、然而、更关键的是、极具讽刺意味的是、除非” 等连接词,行文逻辑清晰。

四、翻译避坑点(CATTI 三级高频扣分雷区)

(一)专业术语错译硬伤

de-extinction ❌ 灭绝消除 ✅ 物种复活 / 灭绝物种再造

apex predator ❌ 高级动物 ✅ 顶级掠食动物

wildlife rangers ❌ 野生动物管理员 ✅ 野生动物巡护员

invasive species ❌ 外来物种 ✅ 入侵物种

base pairs ❌ 基础配对 ✅ 碱基对

(二)中式直译翻译腔扣分坑

the media have been inundated with news 直译 “媒体被新闻淹没”,生硬;译为 “各大媒体铺天盖地报道相关消息”

techno-fix packages 直译 “科技修复包”,完全不通;意译 “一劳永逸的科技解决方案”

seed a false hope 直译 “种下虚假希望”;优化为 “催生不切实际的幻想”

billionaire's Jurassic Park fantasy 直译 “亿万富翁的侏罗纪公园幻想”;补充语境 “亿万富翁笔下的《侏罗纪公园》式幻想”

(三)句式语法扣分坑

照搬英文超长复合句,不拆分短句,语句晦涩不通顺;

全部保留英文被动句式,译文生硬拗口;

同位语、破折号补充信息省略不译,造成信息缺失。

(四)语义弱化、漏译扣分点

区分两层核心对比:巨额资金投入复活项目 VS 传统保护项目资金短缺,两层对比不能丢失;

两处讽刺逻辑完整翻译:废除濒危物种法案、灰狼与澳洲野犬遭受捕杀,不可简化;

文末核心观点不能删减:基因技术治标不治本,需解决栖息地、气候等根源危机。

(五)专有名词规范坑

Colossal Biosciences 必须使用官方译名 “巨创生物科学公司”,不可自创译名;

CRISPR-Cas9 为行业通用缩写,直接保留原文,无需强行翻译;

法案、杂志名称必须添加书名号;人名、职务语序符合国内新闻译法。

(六)语体失衡扣分坑

文本为严谨科学评论,禁用口语化网络词汇;保持客观、理性书面文风;全文生物、环保术语译法全程统一,前后不混用多种译法。

CE -2

原文

2025年全国高考,被称为“玻璃娃娃”的湖北考生田艳青考出621分的优异成绩。她发自内心地感谢支教教师袁辉,是他点亮了她的生命之光。

2012年9月,袁辉从南京大学历史系毕业,到湖北省姜家湾村支教。当时姜家湾有27个孩子,大多数是留守儿童,很多是单亲家庭。特别是田艳青,患有 “成骨不全症(osteogenesis imperfecta)”,常常独自伤心地坐在角落。她渴望上学,但因病而无法到校上课。

看到田艳青的处境,袁辉决定上门为她上课。最初在姜家湾教学点支教时,到田艳青家有3 公里山路,后来转至8公里外的白沙坪小学,他仍然坚持去她家上课。六年里,他风雨无阻,不仅分文不取,还用自己微薄的生活补贴,为她买玩具、彩色画笔、课外书。

他发现村里孩子只会方言,无法与外界交流。于是他采用了普通话与方言“双管齐下”的模式,使孩子们学会了标准的普通话。他教孩子们拼音字母、历史算术和诗词鉴赏,引导孩子们体验自然界的一草一木、风声鸟语,让他们知道,一草一木、鸟语花香都是一种生命,形成对自然、对人生的独特思考。

译文

In the 2025 national college entrance examination, Tian Yanqing, an examinee from Hubei nicknamed the "glass girl", scored an outstanding 621 points. She is sincerely grateful to Yuan Hui, a volunteer teacher, who lit up the light of hope in her life.

In September 2012, Yuan Hui graduated from the Department of History, Nanjing University, and went to Jiangjiawan Village in Hubei Province to work as a volunteer teacher. Back then, there were 27 children in Jiangjiawan, most of whom were left-behind children from single-parent families. Tian Yanqing was a special case. Suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta, she would often sit alone in a corner feeling sad. She longed to go to school, yet her illness prevented her from attending classes on campus.

Witnessing Tian Yanqing’s plight, Yuan Hui resolved to give her private tuition at home. He first taught at the teaching site in Jiangjiawan, which was three kilometers of mountain path away from Tian Yanqing’s home. Later, he was transferred to Baishaping Primary School eight kilometers away, but he still kept going to her house for lessons. For six years, he braved wind and rain without interruption. He never charged her a penny, and even used his meager living allowance to buy toys, colored paintbrushes and extracurricular books for her.

He noticed that the village children only spoke local dialects and could not communicate with the outside world. Therefore, he adopted a dual approach combining Mandarin and local dialect, helping the children master standard Mandarin. He taught them Pinyin, history, arithmetic and poetry appreciation, and guided them to observe every plant, tree, wind sound and birdsong in nature. He let the children understand that all flora, fauna and natural sounds are living beings, inspiring them to form unique perceptions of nature and life.

考点详解

【出处&定位】

文本源自《人民日报》2025-08-03 基层人物专栏、新华网 2025-07-23 人物报道

权威原文链接

1.人民日报原文:https://m.toutiao.com/group/7534112503102587442/

2.新华网完整报道:http://www.xinhuanet.com/edu/20250723/c78357cc19c54bf2b123a33b1822a4db/c.html

三级汉译英重点考查院校 / 地名规范译法、四字俗语地道转换、医学专有名词处理、中文流水句拆分整合、数字与距离规范表达、情感类语句自然英译,不追求晦涩复杂句式,侧重译文通顺无语法错误、信息完整。

【核心考点归纳】

(一)文教、乡村民生专有术语考点

教育相关

全国高考 the national college entrance examination

支教教师 volunteer teacher;

支教 work as a volunteer teacher

教学点 teaching site;

课外书 extracurricular books

拼音字母 Pinyin;

诗词鉴赏 poetry appreciation

乡村儿童概念

留守儿童 left-behind children;单亲家庭 single-parent families

院校地名

南京大学历史系 the Department of History, Nanjing University

姜家湾村 Jiangjiawan Village;

白沙坪小学 Baishaping Primary School

语言教学

普通话 Mandarin;方言 local dialect;标准普通话 standard Mandarin

(二)医学专业名词

成骨不全症 osteogenesis imperfecta(原文已给出官方拉丁医学术语,直接保留)

玻璃娃娃 the "glass girl"(国内媒体固定统一昵称译法)

(三)中文四字短语 / 俗语英译考点(三级高频)

发自内心地 sincerely /from the bottom of one’s heart

风雨无阻 brave wind and rain without interruption(纪实报道固定表达)

分文不取 never charge a penny

微薄的生活补贴 meager living allowance

双管齐下 a dual approach combining A and B

一草一木 every plant and tree;鸟语花香 flora, fauna and natural sounds

(四)院校、地名、人名规范考点

人名:田艳青 Tian Yanqing、袁辉 Yuan Hui(汉语拼音,姓大写首字母,无空格)

国内村镇、小学:拼音直译,Village / Primary School 后置;高校院系标准语序:院系在前,大学在后

省份:湖北省 Hubei Province

(五)数字、距离表达考点

分数:621 分 scored an outstanding 621 points

人数:27 个孩子 27 children

路程:3 公里山路 three kilometers of mountain path;8 公里外 eight kilometers away

时长:六年里 For six years

(六)中文流水句、无主句转换考点

连续短句合并:原文多无主语短句,英文统一补充主语 Yuan Hui/he,避免零散碎句;

目的、因果逻辑显性化:中文隐性逻辑用 yet, therefore, which 引导从句;

多层并列内容用 and 分层次罗列,符合英文叙事习惯。

四、翻译避坑点(CATTI 三级高频扣分雷区)

(一)专有名词错译硬伤

高考 ❌ high school exam ✅ the national college entrance examination(官方固定译法)

支教 ❌ support teaching ✅ volunteer teacher /work as a volunteer teacher

留守儿童 ❌ stay-at-home children ✅ left-behind children(外媒、教育部统一术语)

普通话 ❌ common speech ✅ Mandarin

(二)中式英语典型扣分点

“点亮生命之光” 直译 light life’s light:生硬;译为 lit up the light of hope in her life,贴合英文人物报道文风

“分文不取” 直译 take no money:平淡,never charge her a penny 更贴合叙事语境

“双管齐下” 直译 two tubes work together:完全错误,固定意译 a dual approach

“玻璃娃娃” 直译为 glass doll:不符合人物报道人称,统一 the "glass girl"

(三)句式语法扣分坑

堆砌大量独立简单短句,不使用从句、连词衔接,被判行文零散;

无主句不补充主语,造成英文残缺句,直接扣除语法分;

定语全部前置堆砌,英文阅读晦涩,长定语改用后置分词 / 定语从句。

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