2024年6月六级真题 卷三
A rainbow is a multi-colored, arc-shaped phenomenon that can appear in the sky. The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflection and 26 of light through water droplets（小滴）present in the atmosphere. An observer may 27 a rainbow to be located either near or far away, but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot. Instead, the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in 28 to the direction of light. In essence, a rainbow is an 29 illusion.
Rainbows present a 30 made up of seven colors in a specific order. In fact, school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name"Roy G. Biv" as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order. "Roy G. Biv" 31 for: red,orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red, while the inner edge is violet.
A rainbow is formed when light(generally sunlight) passes through water droplets 32in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets,resulting in two processes: reflection and refraction（折射）. When light reflects off a water droplet, it simply 33 back in the opposite direction from where it 34 . When light refracts, it takes a different direction. Some individuals refer to refracted light as"bent light waves." A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet, where it bends in several different directions. When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of 35 passing through the water. Since the white light is separated inside of the water, the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.
A) bounces F) optical K) preceding
B) completely G) originates L) recklessly
C) dispersion H) perceive M) relation
D) eccentric I) permeates N) spectrum
E) hanging J) ponder O) stands
答案：C H M F N O E A G B
答案详解：
26. C — dispersion（色散）
原句： ...produced by the reflection and dispersion of light through water droplets...
解析： 彩虹的形成原理是光的反射（reflection）和色散（dispersion）。白光通过水滴时被分解为不同颜色，这一物理现象叫"色散"。其他选项如 bounces（弹跳）、completely（完全地）等均不符合光学原理。
27. H — perceive（感知/认为）
原句： An observer may perceive a rainbow to be located either near or far away...
解析： 句意是"观察者可能觉得彩虹在近处或远处"。perceive 表示"感知、认为"，后接不定式 to be，语法和语义均通顺。recklessly（鲁莽地）、ponder（沉思）等不合语境。
28. M — relation（关系）
原句： ...depends entirely upon the position of the observer in relation to the direction of light.
解析： "in relation to" 是固定搭配，意为"相对于……、与……的关系"。句意：彩虹的出现完全取决于观察者相对于光线方向的位置。其他介词搭配均不成立。
29. F — optical（光学的）
原句： In essence, a rainbow is an optical illusion.
解析： "optical illusion" 是固定术语，意为"光学幻觉/视错觉"。彩虹本质上是一种光学现象造成的视觉错觉，并非实物。eccentric（古怪的）虽可修饰 illusion，但不符合科学定义。
30. N — spectrum（光谱）
原句： Rainbows present a spectrum made up of seven colors in a specific order.
解析： "spectrum" 指光谱，即由七种颜色按固定顺序排列组成的色带。后文提到 "Roy G. Biv" 正是记忆光谱颜色顺序的口诀。dispersion 虽与光有关，但此处需要名词"光谱"而非"色散"这一过程。
31. O — stands（代表/表示）
原句： "Roy G. Biv" stands for: red, orange, yellow...
解析： "stand for" 是固定短语，意为"代表、表示"。句意：Roy G. Biv 代表红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫七种颜色。originates（起源）需搭配 from，不与 for 搭配。
32. E — hanging（悬挂/漂浮）
原句： ...passes through water droplets hanging in the atmosphere.
解析： 水滴是"悬挂/漂浮"在大气中的。hanging 作后置定语修饰 droplets，表示水滴悬浮在空中的状态。preceding（先前的）、permeates（渗透，动词）等词性或语义均不符。
33. A — bounces（弹回/反射）
原句： ...it simply bounces back in the opposite direction...
解析： 描述光的反射（reflection）时，bounces back 意为"弹回、反射回去"，与前文 reflection 呼应。completely（完全地）、recklessly（鲁莽地）等副词无法作谓语动词。
34. G — originates（来自/起源）
原句： ...from where it originates.
解析： 句意：光从它来源的相反方向弹回。originates 表示"起源、来自"，与 from where 搭配自然。permeates（渗透）语义不通，ponder（思考）主语应为人。
35. B — completely（完全地）
原句： ...instead of completely passing through the water.
解析： 句意：弯曲的光波到达水滴另一侧后反射出来，而不是完全穿过水滴。completely 修饰 passing through，表示"完全穿透"。若光完全穿透则不会形成彩虹，正是因为没有完全穿透而是被反射出来，才产生了彩色光谱。
