第四段
①This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. ②In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. ③And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. ④Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. ⑤Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.这种成功以及上后来的研究表明记忆本身并不是由基因决定的，使埃里克森得出结论，即：记忆行为与其说是一种直觉，不如说是一种认知练习。换句话说，无论两个人在记忆能力上有什么天生的差异，这些差异都会被每个人对信息的 “编码” 能力所淹没。埃里克森认为，学习如何有意义地编码信息的最佳方法是一个被称为 “刻意练习” 的过程。刻意的练习不仅仅是简单地重复一项任务。相反，它包括设定具体的目标，获得即时的反馈，以及对技术/技能和结果给予同样的关注。
①This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.这种成功以及上后来的研究表明记忆本身并不是由基因决定的，使埃里克森得出结论，即：记忆行为与其说是一种直觉，不如说是一种认知练习。
this success指上一句说的通过长时间的训练，人可以记住的东西越来越多这件事情
couple部分是分词做状语，这里表示补充说明：coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined
couple with：与...结合
showing部分是分词后置定语，修饰research（研究），这里也可以写成定语从句：that/which shows...。
that后面是宾语从句
gene n. 基因。—— genetic adj. 基因的；遗传的。—— genetically adv. 基因地；从基因/遗传学角度。
主句部分：This success ledEricsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitiveone.
lead sb to do sth：促使某人做某事（lead to：导致）
conclude vt. 断定
that部分是宾语从句：that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
memorize vt. 记住；记忆
more of：更多。
cognize vt. 认识；认知。—— cognition n. 认识；认知；—— cognitive adj. 认知的；认识的
intuitive adj. 直觉的。
②In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information.换句话说，无论两个人在记忆能力上有什么天生的差异，这些差异都会被每个人对信息的 “编码” 能力所淹没。
In other words：换句话说
whatever部分是让步状语从句，这里可以写成：no matter what...：whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,
inborn adj. 天生的。
difference n. 差别；区别
two部分是省略that的定语从句
exhibit vt. 展览；展示；显示；表现；显出
主句部分：those differences are swamped byhow well each person “encodes” the information.
swamp vt. 淹没；使不堪承受
how部分是by的宾语从句
encode vt. 编码。
③And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.埃里克森认为，学习如何有意义地编码信息的最佳方法是一个被称为 “刻意练习” 的过程。
这里是间接引语，主谓放在了中间
the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully was a process known as deliberate practice.
to部分是不定式后置定语，修饰way
how后面不定式短语做宾语
meaning n. 意义；含义。—— meaningful adj. 有意义的。—— meaningfully adv. 有意义地
process n. 过程；进程；处理；加工
known部分是分词短语后置定语，修饰process
deliberate adj. 故意的；有意的。
practice n. 训练。
④Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.刻意的练习不仅仅是简单地重复一项任务。
entail vt. 牵连；导致；牵涉；涉及
⑤Rather, it involves ①setting specific goals, ②obtaining immediate feedback and ③concentratingas muchon techniqueason outcome.相反，它包括设定具体的目标，获得即时的反馈，以及对技术/技能和结果给予同样的关注。
involve vt. 涉及
①②③都是分词（动名词）短语做宾语
specific adj. 具体的；明确的；特定的；特殊的
obtain vt. 获得
immediate adj. 立即的；立刻的。
feedback n. 反馈
concentrate vt. 集中注意力
technique n. 技术；技能；技巧。
outcome n. 结果；效果
总结：第四段是说，埃里克森的成功和后来的研究让他认为，记忆是一种认知练习，不管人的记忆能力天生有多大的差距，都不重要，重要的是在于学习如何有意义地编码信息——刻意练习，而且，还要设置目标，获得及时反馈，对技术和结果都要给予同样的关注。这样，才能有好的记忆力。本质还是说，记忆力是来自于练习，不是，天生的。