摘要：这是一道典型的雅思小作文地图题，考查考生是否能抓住校园重建前后的主要变化，而不是机械罗列每一个建筑。本文将拆解本题的审题陷阱、写作顺序、地图题高分逻辑，并给出一篇可以直接学习的高分范文。一、题目The maps below show the layout of a university campus before and after redevelopment.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.二、高分写作思路这篇小作文范文采用四段式：第一段改写题目；第二段写改造前的校园布局；第三段写改造后的主要变化；第四段写总体概括。更推荐的考试写法是把 Overall 放在最后，但如果文章整体清晰，放在第二段也可以。关键是overview必须出现，而且要概括“建筑增多、绿地减少、交通路线保留”这三个核心信息。三、9分原创范文The maps illustrate how the layout of a university campus changed after redevelopment.这两幅地图展示了一所大学校园在重新开发之后布局发生的变化。Before redevelopment, a railway line ran from north to south through the campus, with a station at its southern end. On the western side, the Music School was situated in the north-west corner, while the Business School stood further south and was surrounded by a large number of trees. Further south were the Library and the Arts Building, both located along Yaquan, the main east-west road. On the eastern side, a block of student flats occupied the north-east corner. From there, a footpath extended southwards through an open area with several trees, while a road in the south-east led towards the train station.在重新开发之前，一条铁路线从北向南穿过校园，并在其南端设有一个车站。在校园西侧，音乐学院位于西北角，而商学院位于其更南侧，周围环绕着大量树木。再往南是图书馆和艺术楼，两者都坐落在雅泉路沿线，这条路是校园内东西走向的主干道。在校园东侧，一栋学生公寓楼占据了东北角。从那里，一条人行道向南延伸，穿过一片有几棵树的开放区域，而东南部的一条道路则通向火车站。After redevelopment, the railway line, station, Music School, Library, Arts Building and original student flats have remained in place. However, the Business School has been significantly expanded, now occupying much of the former green area to its north and east. On the eastern side, several new blocks of student accommodation have been added along the footpath, and a cafe has been built near the southern end of this residential zone. In addition, the trees and open space in the south-east have been replaced by a new Computer Centre beside the road leading to the station.重新开发之后，铁路线、车站、音乐学院、图书馆、艺术楼以及原有的学生公寓都保留在原处。然而，商学院得到了大幅扩建，目前占据了其北侧和东侧大部分原来的绿地。在校园东侧，沿着人行道新增了几栋学生宿舍，并且在这一居住区的南端附近新建了一家咖啡馆。此外，东南部的树木和开放空间已被一座新的计算机中心取代，该中心位于通往车站的道路旁。Overall, the campus has become more built-up, with green spaces and open areas converted mainly into academic and residential facilities, while the main transport routes and several original buildings have been preserved.总体来看，校园的建筑密度有所提高，绿地和开放区域主要被改建为教学和居住设施，而主要交通路线以及几栋原有建筑则得到了保留。四、范文解析开头段用how句型改写题目，直接点明地图是如何变化的。第一主体段描述改造前，按照铁路、校园西侧、校园东侧、东南道路的顺序展开，空间路线清晰。这里最值得学习的是相对位置的描写（红色字体），特别是ran from north to south、was situated in、occupied the north-east corner 这些表达，它们能让地图相对位置的描述更准确。第二主体段集中描述改造后的变化（蓝色字体），先写保留内容，再写扩建和新增设施。这样安排很稳，因为地图题的比较不只包括“新增了什么”，也包括“什么没有变”。Business School 的扩建、新学生住宿区的增加、cafe 的出现以及 Computer Centre 替代东南部绿地，构成了本题的主要变化。最后的 Overall 概括校园整体更加 built-up，绿地转化为教学和住宿设施，同时交通路线和部分建筑保留，完整回应了地图的核心趋势。五、这道地图题真正考什么？这道题不是让考生把地图上的所有建筑逐个翻译一遍，而是考查三个能力：第一，能否看出重建前后的总体变化；第二，能否按照空间方位有条理地描述；第三，能否用准确的时态和表达呈现“保留、扩建、新建、替换”这几类变化。很多同学写地图题最大的问题是细节很多，但没有主线，读完以后考官不知道校园到底发生了什么核心改变。本题的高分突破口是先抓总体变化：校园变得更加建筑化，原有绿地和开放空间被教学楼、住宿区和配套设施占据；与此同时，铁路、车站、主路和一些原有建筑被保留下来。只要这个总体趋势写清楚，后面的细节描述就不会散。六、审题陷阱•不要只写“there are more buildings”。这句话太笼统，需要说明哪些区域被开发，以及开发成什么功能。•不要忽略“不变”的信息。地图题不仅要写新增建筑，也要写保留的路线和建筑，这样比较才完整。•不要混乱使用时态。描述改造前可以用过去时；描述改造后的结果可以用现在完成时或一般现在时，但全文要保持一致。•不要把方位写乱。建议按 west/east/south-east 或 north to south 的顺序写，而不是跳来跳去。七、可直接积累的地图题表达
the layout of a university campus 大学校园布局
after redevelopment 重建/改造之后
ran from north to south 从北向南延伸
was situated in the north-west corner 位于西北角
a block of student flats 一栋学生公寓
extended southwards 向南延伸
have remained in place 保留在原处
has been significantly expanded 被显著扩建
former green area 原来的绿地
student accommodation 学生住宿设施
residential zone 居住区域
has become more built-up 变得建筑更密集
converted mainly into academic and residential facilities 主要被改造成教学和住宿设施
main transport routes 主要交通路线
八、这篇文章为什么适合收藏？地图题不是每次都考，但一旦出现，很多同学会因为方位、时态和比较逻辑失分。本题可以作为校园地图题模板来练：看到 before and after redevelopment，就优先找“保留、扩建、新建、替换、功能变化”五类信息，再用方位顺序组织段落。如果你正在备考雅思写作，可以把这篇文章收藏起来。下一次遇到校园、城镇、公园、学校布局变化类地图题，都可以借用这套思路。评论区可以留言「地图题」，我会继续整理一组雅思小作文地图题常用动词和方位表达。
