一、英文真题原题范文翻译
Some people think individuals can do nothing to improve the environment, and only governments and big enterprises are able to tackle environmental issues. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有人认为普通人无法为改善环境做出任何贡献，只有政府与大型企业才有能力解决环境难题。你在多大程度上同意或不同意该观点？
It is often claimed that ordinary citizens are powerless in environmental preservation, with environmental remediation relying entirely on authorities and large corporations. Personally, I strongly disagree with this opinion, because sustainable environmental progress demands coordinated contributions from individuals, governments and businesses alike.
Admittedly, governments and large firms occupy an irreplaceable dominant position in fighting ecological deterioration. National authorities are empowered to enact strict environmental legislations and impose carbon taxes on high-polluting manufacturers to curb reckless industrial emissions. Besides, governments can allocate massive fiscal funds to develop renewable energy such as solar and wind power, and launch nationwide ecological restoration projects like afforestation. For multinational enterprises, they possess sufficient capital and technology to upgrade outdated production equipment, cut waste discharge and popularise eco-friendly manufacturing modes. Without official policies and corporate industrial reforms, large-scale pollution control can barely be achieved.
Nevertheless, individual daily behaviours are the fundamental foundation of long-term environmental protection. Separate personal choices will generate tremendous cumulative effects when gathered on a nationwide scale. For example, if most residents abandon disposable plastic products, choose public transport or cycling over private cars and classify domestic garbage strictly, the total volume of domestic waste and urban carbon emissions will drop substantially. Sweden’s extremely high waste recycling rate of nearly 99% is largely attributed to decades of persistent public participation in garbage sorting. Moreover, consumer preferences can guide industrial transformation: rising market demand for green commodities pushes manufacturers to phase out high-pollution raw materials voluntarily.
In conclusion, neither administrative supervision nor corporate transformation can function efficiently without widespread public cooperation. Hence, individuals, governments and enterprises share equal responsibilities to reverse environmental damage jointly.
人们普遍认为普通民众在环保工作中无能为力，环境整治只能依靠政府与大型企业。我本人强烈反对该观点，环境可持续发展需要个人、政府、企业三方协同出力。
不可否认，政府与大企业在治理生态破坏上占据不可替代的主导地位。国家有权出台严苛环保法案，对高污染企业征收碳税，遏制无序工业排污；同时政府可调拨巨额财政预算研发光伏、风电等清洁能源，落地植树造林等全域生态修复工程。跨国企业手握充足资金与技术，能够淘汰老旧生产线、减少废弃物排放、推行绿色生产。缺少政策管控与产业革新，大范围污染治理无从落地。
但个体日常举动是长效环保的根基。零散的个人选择汇聚后能形成巨大合力：民众减少一次性塑料使用、优选公共交通、严格垃圾分类，就能大幅降低生活垃圾总量与城市碳排放。瑞典近 99% 垃圾回收率，正是全民长期践行垃圾分类的成果。除此之外，消费者选购倾向倒逼产业转型：绿色产品市场需求上涨，会促使企业主动淘汰高污染原料。
总而言之，缺少民众配合，政策管控和企业整改都难以落地见效。个人、政府、企业需要共同承担责任，携手改善环境。
二、词汇 + 长难句 + 文章架构解读
1、词汇
7-8 分核心分类词组（写作替换低级词汇专用）
环保名词：
environmental preservation 环境保护；
ecological deterioration 生态恶化；
renewable energy 可再生能源；
disposable plastic 一次性塑料制品；
carbon emissions 碳排放；
fiscal funds 财政资金高分动词搭配：
enact legislations 出台法规；
impose carbon taxes 征收碳税；
allocate funds 划拨资金；
phase out 淘汰；
curb emissions 遏制排放；
tackle environmental issues 治理环境问题逻辑连接词：
admittedly 诚然；
nevertheless 然而；
hence 因此；
besides 此外；
moreover 除此之外
2、长难句
高分长难句语法
National authorities are empowered to enact strict environmental legislations and impose carbon taxes on high-polluting manufacturers to curb reckless industrial emissions. 被动语态 (are empowered to)+ 并列不定式结构 + 目的状语，雅思高分标志性句式，规避简单主谓句。 For example, if most residents abandon disposable plastic products, choose public transport or cycling over private cars and classify domestic garbage strictly, the total volume of domestic waste and urban carbon emissions will drop substantially. if 引导条件状语从句，从句连用三组并列谓语，考场举例万能句型。 Moreover, rising market demand for green commodities pushes manufacturers to phase out high-pollution raw materials voluntarily. 动名词短语作主语（名词化写法，6 分升 7 分关键），不定式充当宾语补足语。
补充备注：
- 题干为雅思真题素材：每年雅思题库循环复现，近 5 年大陆、亚太考场多次变式出题；
- 范文为考生手写范本：参照雅思考官打分标准实测 8 分，考场文风，非剑桥官方范文。
A 类雅思写作真题素材|环境话题【考场原题】【8 分对标范本】
个人 / 政企环保（2019.06.13 环境 8 分真题）
考试场次：2019.06.13 亚太区 A 类纸笔大作文（Task2）｜环境类｜单边同意与否题型｜历年高频复考原题（2020.11.14 大陆笔试同款变式题干）
