


很多同学英语丢分,不在于单词不认识,而在于动词短语记混、记不全、不会活用!完形填空、阅读理解、情景对话、书面表达,处处都有动词短语的考点,也是中考最容易挖坑、最容易丢分的重难点。大部分同学零散背诵短语,越背越乱,做题频频踩坑。今天给大家整理了中考最全动词+副词短语分类清单,分别按核心动词、副词规律两大维度分类,搭配精准释义、中考常考例句,还汇总了超级易错辨析。条理清晰、重点突出,适合日常积累、考前冲刺,每天花10分钟背诵,彻底搞定短语难题,轻松拿捏中考英语基础分!
一、按常用动词分类的高频短语
1. turn
turn on 打开(电器、水龙头、设备等)
Please turn on the light. It’s too dark in the room.(请打开灯,房间里太暗了。)
turn off 关闭(电器、水龙头等)
Remember to turn off the water tap when you finish washing hands.(洗完手记得关掉水龙头。)
turn up 调大(音量);突然出现
Can you turn up the radio? I can’t hear the news clearly.(你能把收音机音量调大些吗?我听不清新闻。)
turn down 调小(音量);拒绝(请求、邀请)
She turned down his invitation because of heavy homework.(因为作业太多,她拒绝了他的邀请。)
turn over 翻转;移交(工作、物品)
Please turn over your test paper when you finish writing.(答题结束后请将试卷翻面。)
turn around 转身;(局势、心情)好转
He turned around and found his mother standing behind him.(他转过身,发现妈妈站在身后。)
2. put
put on 穿上(衣物);上演(节目);增加体重
It’s cold outside, so put on your coat before going out.(外面很冷,出门前穿上外套。)
put off 推迟(计划、会议);使分心
The sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain.(因为大雨,运动会推迟了。)
put up 张贴(海报、通知);搭建(帐篷);举起手
We put up many posters to welcome the new students.(我们张贴了很多海报欢迎新生。)
put away收拾整理;储存、收好
Please put away your toys after playing with them.(玩完玩具后请收拾好。)
put down 放下;写下、记录;镇压
Put down your answers on the answer sheet carefully.(认真把答案写在答题卡上。)
put out 扑灭(火);出版(书籍);伸出
Firefighters tried their best to put out the big fire.(消防员尽全力扑灭了大火。)
3. take
take off 脱下(衣物);(飞机)起飞;事业成功、走红
The plane will take off in ten minutes.(飞机将在十分钟后起飞。)
take up 开始从事(爱好、学习);占据(时间、空间)
She took up painting at the age of twelve.(她十二岁开始学画画。)
take over 接管、接手;接任职位
He will take over the team after the coach retires.(教练退休后,他将接管这支队伍。)
take away 拿走、带走;外卖食物
Please take away your rubbish when you leave.(离开时请带走你的垃圾。)
take back 收回(话语、物品);撤回
I’m sorry, I want to take back my rude words.(对不起,我收回我过激的话。)
take out 取出、拿出;带……出去(吃饭、游玩)
He took out a pen and started to write.(他拿出一支笔开始书写。)
4. give
give up 放弃(努力、梦想、尝试)
Never give up when you meet difficulties in study.(学习中遇到困难永远不要放弃。)
give out 分发(物品、试卷);(精力、物资)耗尽;发出(声音、气味)
Teachers gave out the test papers before the exam.(考试前老师分发了试卷。)
give away 赠送、捐赠;泄露(秘密、信息)
She gave away her old books to the village children.(她把旧书捐赠给了乡村孩子。)
give in 屈服、让步、妥协
He is strict with himself and never gives in to laziness.(他严于律己,从不向懒惰妥协。)
give back 归还、返还;恢复
You must give back the book to the library on time.(你必须按时把书还给图书馆。)
5. look
look up 查阅(单词、资料);抬头看;(形势)好转
You can look up new words in the dictionary.(你可以用词典查阅生词。)
look out小心、注意(危险)
Look out! There is a car coming.(小心!有车过来了。)
look over 检查、查看;快速浏览
The doctor looked over the sick boy carefully.(医生仔细检查了生病的男孩。)
look through 通读、仔细浏览;翻阅
I looked through the notes before the final exam.(期末考试前我翻阅了笔记。)
look around 环顾四周、四处张望
He looked around but saw no one in the street.(他环顾四周,街上空无一人。)
6. get
get up 起床;站起来
I usually get up at six o’clock in the morning.(我通常早上六点起床。)
get back 返回、回来;取回、拿回
We will get back home before dark.(我们会在天黑前回家。)
get out 出去、外出;离开、逃离
Please get out of the room and let me rest.(请离开房间,让我休息一下。)
get away 逃脱、脱身;离开
The thief tried to get away but was caught at last.(小偷试图逃跑,最后被抓住了。)
get together 聚会、团聚、相聚
Our family always get together on festivals.(我们家总会在节日团聚。)
7. break
break down(机器、车辆)出故障;(情绪、身体)崩溃;分解
My bike broke down on the way to school.(我的自行车在上学路上坏了。)
break up(关系)分手;团队解散;打碎、拆分
The club broke up because of few members.(因为成员稀少,俱乐部解散了。)
break out(火灾、战争、疫情)爆发、突然发生
A big fire broke out in the building last night.(昨晚这栋楼突发大火。)
break in 闯入、破门而入;打断谈话
Strangers shouldn’t break in others’ houses.(陌生人不能私自闯入他人住宅。)
break through 突破(困难、阻碍);克服
We must work hard to break through all difficulties.(我们必须努力克服所有困难。)
8. 其他高频动词短语
come out 出版、发行;开花;结果是
Her new book will come out next month.(她的新书将于下月出版。)
come up 出现、浮现;被提出、被提及
Many new problems came up during the activity.(活动中出现了很多新问题。)
go on 继续进行;持续发生
Let’sgo on with our study after a short rest.(短暂休息后我们继续学习。)
go out 外出、出去;(灯火、火焰)熄灭
The lights went out suddenly last night.(昨晚灯突然灭了。)
go over 复习、温习;检查、核对
I need to go over my lessons before the exam.(考试前我需要温习功课。)
set up 建立、创办;设立、搭建
They set up a new library in the village.(他们在村里建了一座新图书馆。)
pick up 捡起、拾起;偶然学会;接人
My father will pick me up after school.(爸爸放学后会来接我。)
work out 解决(问题);计算出;锻炼
We can work out the math problem together.(我们可以一起解这道数学题。)
make up 编造(故事、借口);化妆;组成
Don’t make up excuses for your mistakes.(不要为自己的错误编造借口。)
hold on 稍等(电话);坚持、不放弃
Hold on for a minute, I’m coming.(稍等一下,我马上来。)
cut down 削减、减少;砍倒(树木)
We should cut down plastic pollution to protect the environment.(我们应该减少塑料污染保护环境。)
run out 用完、耗尽(物资、时间)
Our ink ran out in the middle of writing.(我们写字写到一半墨水用完了。)
show up 出现、露面;到场
He didn’t show up at the meeting yesterday.(他昨天没有出席会议。)
二、按副词分类的短语
1. up(核心含义:向上、完成、增强、积极)
wake up 醒来
stand up 站起来
hurry up 赶快
clean up 打扫干净
eat up 吃光
use up 用完
grow up 长大
dress up 打扮
cheer up 振作起来
mix up 混淆、混合
2. down(核心含义:向下、减少、弱化、停止)
sit down 坐下
write down 写下
calm down 冷静下来
slow down 减速
break down 出故障、崩溃
turn down 调小、拒绝
cut down 削减、砍倒
3. out(核心含义:向外、输出、完全、结果)
find out 查明、弄清
work out 解决、锻炼
try out 试验、尝试
figure out 弄明白
point out 指出
hand out 分发
help out 帮忙解围
4. off (核心含义:离开、中断、结束、脱离)
take off 脱下、起飞
put off 推迟
turn off 关闭
get off 下车
set off 出发
show off 炫耀
pay off 还清、取得成功
5. on(核心含义:持续、连接、进行中)
turn on 打开
put on 穿上
try on 试穿
carry on 继续
go on 继续
move on 继续前进
6. away(核心含义:远离、消失、丢弃)
go away 离开
run away 逃跑
give away 赠送、泄露
throw away 扔掉
put away 收拾好
take away 拿走
三、中考超级易错辨析
1. 同一动词+不同副词
look up(查阅) vs look out(小心)
take off(脱下;起飞) vs take up(开始从事、占据)
put on(穿上、上演) vs put off(推迟)
turn on(打开) vs turn off(关闭)
2. 同一副词+不同动词
give up(放弃) vs make up(编造;化妆;组成)
break down(出故障、崩溃) vs turn down(调小;拒绝)
find out(查明真相) vs work out(解决问题;锻炼)
3. 及物vs不及物
及物短语(可直接接宾语,必须带对象)
turn on
put away
take off
put down
give out
不及物短语(不接宾语,单独使用)
break down
show up
go out
come out
(以上内容来源于网络,如有侵权,请联系删除)
往期回顾