Reading
Module 1
Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph.
Questions 1-10 of 35
The human nervous system is responsible for coordinating actions and processing sensory information by transmitting signals between different parts of the body. This com_ _ _ _ network ena_ _ _ _ essential func_ _ _ _ _ such a_ sensation, move_ _ _ _, and tho_ _ _ _. The ce_ _ _ in t_ _ nervous sys_ _ _ (neurons) commu_ _ _ _ _ _ through electrical impulses and chemical signals. This system controls voluntary actions like movement by sending messages from the brain to muscles, and it also controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion.
Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph.
Questions 11-20 of 35
Photosynthesis is a vital process for life on Earth that also has potential to address modern energy challenges. Through the conversion of sunlight into chemical energy, plants pro_ _ _ _ oxygen a_ _ organic comp_ _ _ _ _, sustaining li_ _ and for_ _ _ _ the found_ _ _ _ _ of fo_ _ chains. Artif_ _ _ _ _ photosynthesis c_ _ theoretically pro_ _ _ _ clean and renewable energy, reducing our dependence on fossil fuels. By mimicking photosynthesis, scientists can produce carbon-neutral fuels, which can aid in developing sustainable energy solutions.
Questions 21-22 of 35
Read a form.
Applicant:
Sarah O'Neill
Telephone:
555-3210
Email:
s.oneill@email.com
Intended Residence:
22 Maple Lane, Apt. 3B, Dublin
Preferred Move-in:
June 15
Employment:
University student
Pets:
None
Applicant must include government-issued identification and employment status verification to ensure reservation of the residence.
Direct queries to the leasing office at 555-4125.
Questions 21
What is the likely purpose of this form?
To confirm employment details requested by a leasing office
To apply to become a tenant at 22 Maple Lane, Apt. 3B
To inquire about the status of a university application
To request government-issued identification
Questions 22
What can be inferred about Sarah O'Neill's living situation?
She intends to relocate for school.
She prefers a city center apartment.
She is not currently a pet owner.
She needs immediate housing.
Questions 23-24 of 35
Read a course description.
ENGL 102: Introduction to Literature II
Explores poetry, drama, and fiction through historical lenses.
Students develop analytical and interpretative skills through writing assignments.
Designed to deepen student awareness and love of literature.
Open to undergraduates who have completed ENGL 101.
Spring semester, MWF 9-10 A.M.
Instructor: Dr. Nadeem Al-Farsi.
Questions 23
Who would benefit most from enrolling in ENGL 102?
Students majoring in English
Students with proven analytical and interpretive skills
Undergraduate students who have recently completed ENGL 101
Literature majors in their final year of study
Questions 24
What is the central aim of the course as described?
To increase students' appreciation for literature
To equip students with creative writing skills
To help students understand literary translation techniques
To prepare students for specialization in literary criticism
Questions 25-27 of 35
Read a social media post.
Student Housing
Four Simple Ways to Reduce Plastic Waste on Campus
Hey students!
Today, we are sharing four practical tips for reducing plastic waste in your everyday life. These small changes can make a big difference for our planet.
Bring Your Own Bags: Always carry reusable bags when you go shopping. Avoid single-use plastic bags that can end up in landfills and oceans.
Use Refillable Water Bottles: Ditch the disposable plastic bottles and invest in a durable, refillable water bottle. This reduces plastic waste AND saves you money.
Say No to Plastic Straws: Opt for reusable metal or bamboo straws. Many cafes and restaurants now provide eco-friendly alternatives.
Choose Products with Less Packaging: Look for brands that use minimal or eco-friendly packaging. This can greatly reduce the amount of waste you generate.
Share your plastic-reduction tips in the comments below!
Questions 25
The post recommends that students change their habits in all of the following ways EXCEPT
by bringing their own environmentally-friendly bags to stores
by purchasing and utilizing reusable water bottles
by shopping at locally owned stores and restaurants
by looking for products that are packed in eco-friendly materials
Questions 26
According to the post, what is one benefit to reducing plastic use on campus?
It reduces the use of water on campus.
It increases the contributions to the plastic recycling program.
Students may spend less on purchasing bottled drinks.
Students are more likely to join the environmental club.
Questions 27
Which of the following social media comments would support this post?
Hey guys, check out the new café in the student union. The latte is delish!
The campus bookstore now offers free shipping!
Sign the new petition to ask the dining hall to disclose their food sources!
All bottle users: They just installed a bottle-filling station outside the library!
Questions 28-31 of 35
Read an article.
DORM STARTUP GOES VIRAL
Two computer science majors, Priya Singh and Marco Alvarez, transformed a late-night coding session into a nationwide sensation. Their app, PlanForge, designed to help students organize assignments and track deadlines, was launched from their dorm room at the end of the semester.
“We built it to survive finals,” Priya laughed. Within a week, downloads skyrocketed past 10,000, and alumni investors began reaching out. The duo has been invited to present at a major tech conference.
“It’s surreal,” Marco said. “We never imagined this level of attention.” Students are thrilled. “It’s a lifesaver—I finally feel on top of my work,” said sophomore Jenna Brooks.
The university’s entrepreneurship center has offered mentorship to the two computer science majors. Professors have called the innovation a perfect example of student creativity.
Priya and Marco hope to expand the app’s features to include group-project tools and reminders, proving big ideas can start in small dorm rooms.
Questions 28
What is the main topic of the article?
A student-launched tech innovation
A tech conference on campus
Techniques for coping with exam stress
Apps that help students find housing
Questions 29
What is indicated about PlanForge?
It was created by some professors.
It quickly reached thousands of downloads.
It is available only to university alumni.
It helps students who are looking for jobs.
Questions 30
What can be inferred about the app creators' future plans?
They intend to pause their studies and focus on marketing the app.
They would like to increase the functionality of the app to include more tools.
They will ask other students to help develop the app.
They want to limit the app's release to their own campus.
Questions 31-35 of 35
Veganism in the United States
Veganism, a dietary approach that excludes all animal-based foods, has experienced notable shifts in popularity in the United States. A study conducted in 2020 showed a dramatic increase in the number of Americans adopting a plant-based diet between 2004 and 2019. This growth was fueled by expanding awareness of animal welfare, environmental concerns linked to industrial agriculture, and increased emphasis on healthy eating. During the 2010s, companies began to market plant-based meat alternatives that became highly popular with both restaurants and home cooks.
By the mid-2020s, however, momentum began to level off. Surveys in 2025 indicated that only about three to four percent of Americans identified as vegan. Several factors contributed to this plateau. Preparing vegan meals can be more involved than preparing meat-based meals. For example, a vegan cheese substitute can be made with nuts, but the process is time-consuming. And while home cooks can buy commercially manufactured vegan foods, those foods are highly processed, raising concerns about their healthfulness. Additionally, some social media influencers have begun to promote increased protein consumption, sparking increased consumer demand for meat. American food trends come and go, but while some consumers adopt extreme diets, Americans overall seem to be favoring more flexibility in their eating habits.
Questions 31
The main purpose of this passage is to
describe the birth of veganism in the United States
list the benefits of a vegan diet
analyze some changes in Americans' attitudes toward veganism
identify trends in American consumer preferences
Questions 32
The author notes all of the following as factors driving the popularity of veganism EXCEPT
concern for animals
considerations about health
the high cost of consuming meat
a desire to protect the environment
Questions 33
The word "involved" in the passage is closest in meaning to
unsatisfying
expensive
unpleasant
complicated
Questions 34
The author mentions "a vegan cheese substitute" primarily in order to
note a challenge inherent in preparing vegan meals
identify a popular item used in many vegan recipes
contrast the healthfulness of vegan and animal-based foods
describe a cooking process popularized by vegans
Questions 35
The passage suggests which of the following about commercial meat-alternative products?
They became increasingly popular with home cooks during the mid-2020s.
They are produced in a way that causes some people to doubt their healthfulness.
They are not popular with Americans concerned about food allergies.
They have greatly improved in flavor since their introduction.
Module 2
Questions 1-10 of 15
Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph.
Using bone for the manufacture of tools and other objects has a long history. Many of the wea_ _ _ _ that prehi_ _ _ _ _ _ people us_ _ for hun_ _ _ _ were ma_ _ from t_ _ bones o_ the ani_ _ _ _ they hun_ _ _. The phys_ _ _ _ properties of these materials varied greatly. For example, the strength and flexibility of antler were important to the way these tools were utilized. Many early bone tools show distinctive signs of wear and polishing, revealing how they were handled and over time.
Questions 11-15 of 15
Circadian Rhythm Disruption
Circadian rhythms, the internal clocks regulating organisms' physiological processes, are primarily driven by light exposure. These rhythms may be disrupted by the increased artificial light of urban environments, leading to what scientists call "circadian misalignment." This misalignment not only affects sleep patterns but is linked to a higher prevalence of metabolic disorders. Interestingly, research on nocturnal animals reveals that these creatures have evolved mechanisms, such as unique melatonin production cycles, for thriving in conditions that disrupt human circadian rhythms. Such adaptations could inform potential human therapies.
Recent studies suggest that manipulating light exposure can help reset circadian clocks. Experiments demonstrated that disrupted rhythms can be realigned by the simulation of natural light cycles. However, this approach is not universally effective. Some individuals experience persistent misalignment, suggesting that other environmental or genetic factors may play significant roles.
Moreover, the factors affecting circadian regulation extend beyond light: temperature, diet, and social interactions all influence these rhythms. This complex causal web requires a multidisciplinary approach to develop comprehensive solutions. Cutting-edge research is now exploring therapeutic drugs that can rectify disruptions to the natural circadian rhythmic cycles. Whether these efforts will yield sustainable treatment options remains to be seen.
Questions 11
Why does the author mention the "higher prevalence of metabolic disorders"?
To explain why circadian misalignment is increasing in urban environments
To suggest a causal relationship between metabolic illness and sleep disturbances
To support the claim that circadian misalignment affects sleep patterns
To describe one effect of the disruption of circadian rhythms by artificial light
Questions 12
Why might some nocturnal animal adaptations be important for human therapies?
They provide evidence that light exposure is the greatest driver of circadian rhythms.
They offer clues about thriving in conditions that cause circadian misalignment in people.
They show that melatonin is not always effective in regulating sleep patterns.
They prove that animals' melatonin production cycles closely resemble those of humans.
Questions 13
What does the author suggest about simulating natural light cycles as a way of resetting circadian clocks?
Most people experiencing circadian misalignment have seen no benefit from the treatment.
Most researchers agree that this treatment is currently the only effective approach.
The approach is most effective for people with a genetic predisposition for sleep disorders.
This approach has been successfully used to help many individuals restore their sleep patterns.
Questions 14
What is the relationship between paragraph 2 and paragraph 3?
Paragraph 2 defines a concept; paragraph 3 provides more detail by discussing specific examples.
Paragraph 2 evaluates a focused approach; paragraph 3 points to broader challenges and solutions.
Paragraph 2 proposes a theory; paragraph 3 notes potential objections to it and suggests responses.
Paragraph 2 outlines a methodology; paragraph 3 reports the results of applying it to a problem.
Questions 15
The word "rectify" in the passage is closest in meaning to
disclose
approve
relieve
document
Listening
Module 1
Q1：Choose the best response
I missed the last meeting.
The bus arrives at seven a.m.
No, but he does share snacks with friends.
We sold gift wrap last year.
Q2：Choose the best response
I'll have to check the deadline.
I enjoy cooking with him.
The researcher arrived at 9 a.m.
We went last Thursday.
Q3：Choose the best response
We worked on it all night.
At 8 p.m.
The homework is long and complex.
In your email.
Q4：Choose the best response
Yes, we've submitted the draft.
You should ask the teacher.
No, it's on the desk.
This evening.
Q5：Choose the best response
Yes, I helped him revise the plans.
Thanks, but I've got it covered.
Is it far from here?
It was a unique experience.
Q6：Choose the best response
The restaurant outside the west gate.
Sure, I can join you.
No, not today.
In about twenty minutes.
Q7：Choose the best response
That does seem overwhelming.
No two are alike.
I like using a digital app.
It's a highly effective solution.
Q8：Choose the best response
It's usually very interesting.
It was too long!
He doesn't know.
Is it as long as last week's?
Q9：Choose the best response
I believe it's next week.
Yes, I have time.
No, they aren't coming over.
They're north of the Admissions Office.
Q10：Choose the best response
Did you pick up your package yet?
Yes, I've got it covered.
I wish I could have attended.
What's the topic of your project?
Q11：Choose the best response
It's close to my university.
Yes, that's true.
See you there.
Who is your neighbor?
Q12：
Choose the best response
I have the present.
They should be in class.
She will be present.
Most likely the teacher will.
13-14
Q13：
What did the woman buy at the farmers market?
Vegetables
Jam
Fruit
Meat
Q14：
What caused some stalls at the farmers market to close early?
The market ran out of produce.
There was a power outage.
It started raining.
Musicians needed the space for an event.
15-16
Q15：
Why is the man upset?
His opinion was ignored.
His favorite restaurant closed.
He missed an important notice.
The woman ordered lunch without him.
Q16：
What does the woman suggest about the sushi restaurant?
It needed to hire more staff.
Its food was bad for her health.
It did not make enough money.
It closed a few days each month.
17-18
Q17：
What does the woman imply about some social commentary?
It is too difficult to understand.
It is quite bold.
She disagrees with it.
She is unsurprised by it.
Q18：
What does the woman imply that the man should do?
See an exhibit soon
Buy a new artwork
Read about some progressive ideas
Check some information online
19-20
Q19：
What does the speaker say about reservations to visit the technology help desk?
They should be requested on weekdays.
They are recommended for Sundays.
They are not needed anymore.
They can be submitted by email.
Q20：
What does the speaker request that help desk clients do?
Follow a new rule
Visit the science center
Share some news
Respond to a survey
21-22
Q21：
What is the main purpose of the announcement?
To emphasize the importance of reducing paperwork
To inform the campus about downtime for an online portal
To make students aware of an important change
To encourage students to visit a website
Q22：
Why should students speak with an adviser?
To complete a tutorial
To ask questions about course registration
To access instructions for a new portal
To receive a printed registration form
23-24
Q23：
According to the speaker, what change was requested by some students and staff?
Computer locations
Opening hours
A building entrance procedure
An ID badge design
Q24：
What will students be able to stop doing at the library?
Entering login information
Paying to print documents
Scanning books' bar codes
Reserving computers ahead of time
25-28
Q25：
What is the main topic of the talk?
How gift giving reflects social status
How gift giving customs have changed over time
How gift giving carries cultural and social meaning
How gift giving affects emotional well-being
Q26：
What does the speaker suggest about gift giving in Indigenous communities?
It is mainly used to distribute wealth evenly.
It is discouraged during formal gatherings.
It is a way to display wealth and status.
It helps maintain social ties within the group.
Q27：
What point does the speaker make about the continuous loop of gift giving?
It helps preserve traditional customs.
It encourages people to spend more on gifts over time.
It strengthens relationships through ongoing exchange.
It can sometimes feel excessive or unnecessary.
Q28：
Why does the speaker mention potted plants?
To show how eco - friendly gifts are universally accepted
To give an example of a gift that may be misinterpreted
To illustrate how gift giving can reflect personal taste
To compare traditional and modern gift preferences
29-32
Q29：
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
To review Leonardo da Vinci's most famous artistic works
To explain how early machines led to modern robotics
To highlight a lesser-known achievement of Leonardo da Vinci
To describe technological advances during the Renaissance
Q30：
Why does the speaker mention Leonardo's fascination with the human body?
To indicate his contributions to medical science
To point out a key influence on Leonardo's designs
To explain why he spent more time studying anatomy than engineering
To emphasize Leonardo's artistic skills
Q31：
What does the speaker suggest about Leonardo's mechanical understanding?
It depended on help from other scientists.
It was shown only in his sketches.
It was advanced for his time.
It relied mainly on trial and error.
Q32：
What attitude does the speaker express toward the reconstruction of "Leonardo's Robot"?
He is relieved that some design flaws were corrected.
He is happy that Leonardo's sketches were published.
He is doubtful of the artistic value of the robot.
He is impressed by what the robot could do.
Module 2
Q1：
Choose the best response
It was great we could get student tickets.
I can't believe you still haven't finished your homework.
She'll call you in a minute.
The cinema is closed for renovations.
Q2：
Choose the best response
She will be presenting tomorrow.
She prepared really well.
Probably in the study lounge.
It's my favorite dish.
Q3：
Choose the best response
In 30 minutes.
The train is faster.
I'll take a taxi.
At the next stop.
4-5
Q4：
Why did the man not see a television program?
He did not know it was being broadcast.
He was away from home.
His television was not working.
He does not like action films.
Q5：
What will the speakers most likely do tomorrow?
Watch a film together
Discuss a TV series
Write a movie review
Buy tickets to Spain
6-7
Q6：
Why does the woman not like the available apartments?
They do not have enough kitchen space.
They do not get enough natural light.
They are not located where she would like to live.
Their rents are too high.
Q7：
What will the woman most likely do next?
Read a pamphlet
Pay her rent
Visit the man's brother
Move into a new apartment
8-11
Q8：
What does the speaker indicate about some sailors?
They visited the Galápagos Islands for short periods of time.
They hunted giant tortoises for food.
They mostly made fairly short trips from Ecuador.
They were impressed by island animals.
Q9：
What does the speaker emphasize about goats?
Goats are highly beneficial for some ecosystems.
Goats on the Galápagos were harmed by human activities.
Goats did not have enough food on the Galápagos.
Goats eat a wide variety of plants.
Q10：
The speaker discusses giant tortoises as an example of an animal that
can survive in a variety of environments
was negatively affected by an invasive species
is a picky eater
grows quickly in size
Q11：
What will the speaker talk about next?
Actions to support tortoise populations
A species that went extinct thousands of years ago
A second example of an invasive species
A newly discovered species of tortoise
12-15
Q12：
What is the talk mainly about?
An archaeological subfield
Artifacts found from Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece
The challenges of excavating Roman ruins
Preservation techniques for artifacts
Q13：
What point does the speaker emphasize about the archaeological site at Ephesus?
It is located in present-day Greece.
Its artifacts are mostly pottery and jewelry.
It was partly conducted using underwater archaeology.
It contains artifacts from different civilizations.
Q14：
What does the speaker say about wood and textiles?
They don't deteriorate as quickly when submerged in water.
They are difficult to recover.
They were carried on ships from Europe to Africa.
They are more commonly found at Roman sites than Greek sites.
Q15：
What did archaeologists learn from studying the Uluburun shipwreck?
Information about Greek boatbuilding techniques
Information about ancient excavation methods
Information about ancient trading
Information about the evolution of jewelry making
Writing
Writing Section
In the writing section, you will answer 12 questions to demonstrate how well you can write in English. There are three types of tasks.
Build a Sentence
Move the words in the boxes to create grammatical sentences.
A clock will show you how much time you have to complete this task.
Q1
You are a university student who recently attended a career fair on campus. You met Ms. Anderson from a company where you are very interested in applying for an internship. You want to follow up with her about the internship program.
Write an email to Ms. Anderson. In your email, do the following:
Reiterate your interest in the company and your intention to apply for the internship program.
Describe your relevant skills and experiences.
Ask for details about the application process and position.
Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.
Your Response:
To: Ms. Anderson
Subject: Inquiry About Internship Program
Q2
Your professor is teaching a class on economics. Write a post responding to the professor's question.
In your response, you should do the following.
Express and support your opinion.
Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Professor Gupta
This week, we have been exploring the effects of globalization on local economies. Globalization refers to businesses and economies becoming interconnected and interdependent worldwide. Some economists argue that globalization leads to economic growth and increased opportunities by creating new markets and encouraging investment. Others hold that it can harm local businesses and lead to job losses as companies move production to countries with cheaper labor. Do you think globalization has a positive or negative impact on local economies? Why?
Kelly
I believe globalization generally benefits local economies. It opens doors to new markets and can attract foreign investment, boosting infrastructure and job creation. Local businesses may not be able to open stores in other countries, but global networking can foster growth and competition within our community. The overall impact of globalization leads to a stronger, more dynamic local economy.
Claire
I think that globalization tends to have a negative impact on local economies. It can hurt local businesses and lead to job losses as companies outsource production to countries where labor costs are lower. My parents own a store and have difficulty competing with global delivery services.
Speaking：
http://www.tuonindefu.com/?p=13446
