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C 篇阅读理解原文

Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

题目

1. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.

29.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.

30.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.To earn profits for the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.

31.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways

第一段

Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year?

译文：一小批无人机能否保障铁路的安全与稳定性，同时帮助铁路运营方每年节省数十亿欧元？

单词精讲

guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/v. 保证、保障（高考高频动词）；

reliability /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/n. 可靠性（形容词：reliable 可靠的）；

operator n. 运营方、操作员；

billions of 数十亿（模糊数字，无 s 不加 of：three billion）

• 语法结构
  并列谓语 guarantee... and help...，at the same time 插入语分隔并列结构，help sb (to) do 固定搭配：帮助某人做某事。
• That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

译文：把如今 “空中之眼” 这项技术投入使用，全天候保障全球数百万公里铁轨和基础设施安全通车，这极有可能成为未来的发展趋势。

• 单词
  very adv. 恰恰、正是（修饰名词，高考熟词僻义）；
• apply A to B 把 A 应用于 B（to 是介词，后接 doing！重点考点）；
• infrastructure n. 基础设施；
• on a 24/7 basis 全天候（=all day and all year）
• 语法拆分
  ① of applying...to making sure... 介词短语作后置定语修饰 future；② making sure 后接宾语从句 that ... are safe；
• 核心易错
  apply ...to doing（to 是介词，必考单选）

第二段

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.

译文：无人机已经被用来巡检高压电线。

• 单词
  examine v. 检查、巡检；
• high-tension adj. 高压的；
• electrical lines 电线
• 语法
  现在进行时被动语态 are being used（正在被……，高考时态重点）；be used to do = be used for doing 被用来做某事（区分 used to do 过去常常 /be used to doing 习惯于）。
• They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.

译文：它们完全可以用同样的方式巡检铁路线路和铁路基建其他关键部分，比如铁轨的精准位置和道岔。

• 单词
  precisely adv. 精准地；inspect v. 巡检、检修；
• vital adj. 至关重要的；switching points 道岔
• 结构
  不定式 to inspect 表目的；such as 举例，并列宾语 tracks and switching points。
• The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.

译文：巡检越频繁，铁路的安全性、稳定性和准点运行水平就提升越多。

• 语法黄金句型：the + 比较级，the + 比较级
   越…… 就越……（写作万能句型）；
• 单词
  regularly adv. 定期地；on-time performance 准点运行效率；improve v. 改善（被动：be improved 被提升）。
• Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.

译文：成本将会被削减，全方面运营效率也会更高。

• 单词
  cut v. 削减（cost cut 成本缩减）；
• efficient adj. 高效的；across the board 全面地、整体上（阅读高频短语）；
• 语法
  并列被动语态 would be cut and (would) be。

第三段

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.

译文：这其中包含维保成本的大幅节省，同时更好地保障铁路工作人员的安全。

• 单词
  maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/n. 维护、检修（29 题划线词，答案依据）；personnel n. 全体工作人员（集合名词）；savings n. 节省下来的钱、存款。
• 结构
  include 后接两个并列宾语：savings... and protection...
• It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.

译文：据测算，仅欧洲铁路每年就要花费约 200 亿欧元用于运维，常常需要派遣维保人员在夜间去巡检、修缮铁路设施。

• 固定句型
  It is calculated that… 据估算（写作句型：It is reported/said that…）；
• 单词
  approximately adv. 大约；spend money on sth 在某事花钱；including prep. 包含；repair v. 修理；
• 语法
  to inspect and repair 不定式表目的。
• That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.

译文：这类工作危险性很高，而借助无人机配合工作人员，这份危险作业就能被免去。

• 语法
  第一个 that 指代前文夜间检修；第二个 that 定语从句修饰 work；with drones assisting with 复合结构：with + 宾语 + doing（主动伴随，语法填空考点）；
• 单词
  avoid v. 避免；crew n. 工作人员、班组。

第四段By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.

译文：借助最新技术，无人机还能为铁路提供高附加值服务，在铁轨或道岔故障引发安全隐患之前提前排查故障。

• 单词
  higher-value adj. 高附加值的；detect v. 探测、查出；fault n. 故障；switch n. 道岔；
• 语法
  ① By using… 介词短语作方式状语；
• ② detecting 现在分词作伴随状语；
• ③ before 引导时间状语从句。
• To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.

译文：想要完成这些任务，铁路专用无人机不必一直在上空飞行。

• 单词
  perform tasks 执行任务；overhead adv. 在头顶上空；
• 语法
  To do 放句首，不定式表目的。
• Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.

译文：工程师如今正在研发一种新概念：未来轨道式无人机。

• 短语
  work on 研发、致力于；concept n. 概念。
• They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.

译文：它们会在列车前方的轨道上行驶，并且被设定程序自主运行。

• 单词
  ahead of 在…… 前面；autonomously adv. 自主地（形容词 autonomous 自主的）；program v. 设定程序（熟词僻义：n. 节目→v. 编程）；
• 省略结构
  and (they are) programmed… 被动省略主语。
• Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.

译文：搭载先进传感器和人工智能的微型无人机行驶在列车前方，能像副驾驶一样引导列车。

• 单词
  advanced adj. 先进的；sensor n. 传感器；co-pilot n. 副驾驶；
• 定语拆解
  with advanced...介词短语、travelling ahead现在分词共同修饰主语 drones。
• With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

译文：凭借提前探测的能力，它们可以对故障发出警报，让高速行驶的列车及时做出反应。

• 单词
  signal v. 发信号、预警；react in time 及时反应；fast-moving adj. 高速行驶的；
• 语法
  so that 引导结果状语从句，“因此、从而”。

选择题答案和解析

答案：28.A  29.C  30.A  31.D

28. A解析：第二段开头 Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines，无人机已有巡检高压线的成熟应用，因此可以沿用该技术用于铁路巡检。

29. C解析：后文to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure对 maintenance 解释，意为 “检修、维护”。

30. A解析：末段无人机提前探测故障、提前预警，对应 provide early warning（提前预警）。

31. D解析：全文围绕无人机如何在安全、成本、故障预警等方面改变铁路行业未来展开。

重点单词 & 短语汇总

（1）核心名词 / 动词（高考高频）

（2）必背短语

1. billions of euros 数十亿欧元
2. eyes in the sky 空中之眼（代指无人机）
3. on a 24/7 basis 全天候（一周 7 天、全天 24 小时）
4. high-tension electrical lines 高压电线
5. switching points 道岔点位
6. across the board 全面地，整体上
7. maintenance costs 运维成本
8. personnel safety 人员安全
9. higher-value services 高附加值服务
10. flying overhead 在头顶上空飞行
11. ahead of 在…… 前方
12. react in time 及时作出反应