2025高考英语新一卷的命题思路依旧从各方面体现了同义替换这一阅读双基(基础技能基本技巧)的重要程度。多角度高频率的考察了这一核心阅读能力,大考前,我们来一起复盘一下:
一、数据/占比类(词义替换)
- T21:
74.5% = 45.1% + 29.4%(道路交通占全球交通排放的比例)拓展:account for = make up = take up(占比/导致)
二、动词短语/行为类(句意替换)
- T23:
Putting more effort into renewables.(投入更多精力于可再生能源)=We need to speed up the development of green energy(我们需要加速绿色能源的开发) - T28:
People walk less and drive more.(人们少步行多开车)=declines in pedestrian mobility… so they pack them into the car instead.(行人流动性下降……所以把孩子塞进车里)拓展:decline = decrease = drop / (反) increase(下降/增加) - T29:
Keep their cities livable.(保持城市宜居)=champion "New York as a decent place to live…"(捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方……”) - T32:
By giving examples.(通过举例)=Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — have settled in the deep sea… stuck inside volcanic rocks… filled the stomachs… fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.(通过列举微塑料出现在深海、被困火山岩、填满胃、落在南极新雪中的例子) - T35:
Potential application of the findings.(研究结果的潜在应用)=We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.(我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂,以便它们能去除微塑料)
三、名词/抽象概念类(词义/句意替换)
- T25:
They had little interest in the topic.(他们对这个话题缺乏兴趣)=writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.(写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)拓展:strike = impress = affect(给……留下印象) - T33:
The hardness of water.(水的硬度)=relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate… boiling hard water… led to an almost 90 percent drop(依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水……将硬水煮沸……导致下降了近90%)
四、形容词/程度类(词义/句意替换)
- T26(猜词题):
staggering.(惊人的)=Amazing.(令人惊讶的)=The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories… that broadened my view and touched my heart.(学生们选取多样主题,交上来的故事拓宽我的视野、触动我的心) - T34:
The severity of the microplastic problem.(微塑料问题的严重性)=reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water… contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics(减少微塑料接触——这一任务正变得越来越困难。即使瓶装水……微塑料含量也高出10到1000倍)拓展:severity = seriousness = gravity(严重性)/ (反) mildness
五、主旨/标题类(句意替换)
- T31:
Why the Rush?(为何匆匆?)=invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs… New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.(投资于帮助我们快速通过的道路……却未考虑真实成本……纽约是适宜居住的地方,而不仅是“匆匆穿过”的地方)
核心规律总结:
- 同义替换类型:包括词汇同义(如
decline=decrease、strike=impress)、短语同义(如account for=make up、put more effort into=speed up development)、句意同义(如“行人流动性下降”与“少步行多开车”的逻辑关联、“城市宜居”与“捍卫适宜居住”的表达转换)。 - 拓展维度:通过“反义”(如
decline的反义increase)、“近义扩展”(如severity的近义seriousness/gravity)强化词汇网络。 - 语境关联:替换需结合上下文逻辑(如“微塑料严重性”通过“减少接触变难、瓶装水含量更高”来体现;“城市宜居”通过“捍卫纽约作为宜居地”来表达)。
这些替换体现了高考英语阅读“正确理解原文,识别同义转换”的核心考查逻辑,备考时需积累高频同义词汇、短语,并训练从语境中推导逻辑关系的能力。
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