山西中考英语阅读 高频同义替换 + 长难句拆分(适配人教版 + 考场专用)
一、高频同义替换词 / 短语(阅读必考,按考频排序,建议背诵)
(一)动词 & 动词短语(出现最多)
arrive at /get to = reach 到达 like = enjoy = be fond of 喜欢 decide = make a decision 决定 try = attempt 尝试 finish = complete 完成 begin = start 开始 learn = study 学习;了解 forget = leave out 忘记 refuse = say no to 拒绝 accept = agree to 接受 happen = take place 发生 help = give a hand 帮助 look after = take care of 照顾 give up = stop doing 放弃 think of = come up with 想出;认为 understand = know = realize 明白、意识到 choose = select 选择 continue = go on 继续
(二)形容词 & 副词
important = necessary = vital 重要的 different = not the same 不同的 happy = glad = pleased 开心的 sad = upset = unhappy 难过的 busy = not free 忙碌的 quiet = silent 安静的 difficult = hard 困难的 famous = well-known 著名的 many = a lot of = plenty of 许多 little = few 少量(表否定) useful = helpful 有用的 popular = welcome 受欢迎的 quick = fast = rapid 快速的
(三)名词
problem = question = trouble 问题、麻烦 idea = thought = opinion 想法、观点 chance = opportunity 机会 way = method = means 方法、方式 result = effect 结果 reason = cause 原因
(四)连词 / 逻辑词(词义猜测、推理题核心)
but = however = while 但是(转折) so = therefore 所以(结果) because = since = as 因为(原因) also = too = as well 也 besides = in addition 此外
二、长难句拆分技巧 + 典型例句(人教版课文 & 真题同源句式)
核心拆分步骤(通用)
先划标点、连词(that/which/who/because/if/and/but),拆分句子; 找出主干:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 / 表语; 剩余部分(介词短语、从句、分词)都是修饰成分,先跳过不看。
分类例句(附解析,课堂直接使用)
类型 1:含定语从句(中考阅读最常见)
例句 1:The girl who is standing under the tree is my classmate.
拆分:
主干:The girl is my classmate.(这个女孩是我的同学)
修饰:who is standing under the tree(树下站着的,修饰 girl)
例句 2:I like the books that are written by Lu Xun.
主干:I like the books.(我喜欢这些书)
修饰:that are written by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的,修饰 books)
类型 2:含状语从句(时间 / 原因 / 条件)
例句 1(原因状语):Because he got up late, he missed the early bus.
主干:he missed the early bus.(他错过了早班车)
修饰:Because he got up late(因为他起晚了,表原因)
例句 2(时间状语):She was reading a book when I came in.
主干:She was reading a book.(她正在看书)
修饰:when I came in(我进来的时候,表时间)
类型 3:长介词短语作修饰(易干扰视线)
例句:We will have a trip to the mountain park next Sunday.
主干:We will have a trip.(我们要去旅行)
修饰:to the mountain park next Sunday(下周日去山地公园,地点 + 时间)
类型 4:并列句(and/but 连接两个简单句)
例句:He is very young, but he knows a lot of things.
拆分两个短句:
He is very young. 他年纪很小 he knows a lot of things. 他懂得很多东西
三、配套做题小练习(课堂当堂检测)
同义替换:The man is well-known in our city.
→ The man is ______ in our city.
答案:famous
找句子主干:The boy who helped me yesterday is Tom.
主干:________
答案:The boy is Tom.
补充考场小贴士
同义替换是细节题答案的主要形式,看到选项和原文单词不一样、意思一致,优先选; 遇到长难句别逐词翻译,抓主干就能读懂大意,不影响做题; 每天早读花 5 分钟朗读背诵替换词,做题反应速度会明显提升。





























































