【试卷来源】2026年杭州学军中学高二下学期期中英语试卷（D篇为上海高三一模原题）。这份名校真题质量很高，考点覆盖全面，解题方法通用，全国高中生都可以参考练习。
本文前半部分为试卷原题，后面为解析。全网最详细！
Passage C
For years, the complex electrical signals inside the human brain were too difficult to decode. However, artificial intelligence (AI) is now turning the dream of “mind reading” into reality. At Stanford University, a 52-year-old woman, paralyzed by a stroke for 19 years, recently saw her internal thoughts appear as text on a screen. This was made possible by a tiny array of electrodes inserted into her brain, which worked with AI to translate her imagined speech into real-time words.
This breakthrough is part of a larger movement in neuroscience. In 2025, researchers in Japan introduced “mind captioning,” a technique that uses AI and non-invasive brain scans to describe what a person is seeing or picturing. While these technologies are currently focused on helping patients with communication disabilities, such as those with ALS (渐冻症), they could eventually transform how all humans interact with each other and the world.
The journey to this point has been long. Scientists have studied brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) since the 1960s, initially focusing on physical movements. Early BCIs allowed users to control prosthetic (假体的) limbs or computer cursors, but decoding speech proved much harder. As neuroengineer Maitreyee Wairagkar explains, much of the early research was conducted on monkeys, who, despite being able to learn to move objects with their brain signals, simply cannot speak.
Recent progress, however, has been rapid. In 2021, a study showed that a paralyzed man could “write” 18 words per minute by picturing himself drawing letters in the air. By 2024, Wairagkar’s lab trialled a new technique that translated attempted speech directly into text at 32 words per minute with 97.5% accuracy. Although this is still slower than natural human speech—which averages 150 words per minute—it marks a significant step toward everyday communication for those who have lost their voice. With companies like Neuralink seeking to bring these “brain chips” to the mass market, the era of commercialized BCIs may be just a few years away.
28.What is the function of the AI system mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.To repair the damaged neurons of stroke patients
B.To stimulate the brain to produce clearer speech.
C.To turn imagined speech into text on a screen
D.To predict the physical movements of paralyzed people.
29. Why was the devclopment of speech BCIs slower than movement BCIs?
A.Early animal subjects were unable to provide speech data.
B.Movement signals are more complex for AI to recognize.
C.Non-invasive brain scans were not available in the 1960s
D.Previous researchers lacked interest in communication tools.
30. What is the author's attitude toward the future of BCI technology?
A.Doubtful.
B.Optimistic.
C.Objective.
D.Critical.
31.What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To promote Neuralink's new brain chip products.
B.To question the reliability of brain-computer interfaces.
C.To explain how AI is advancing mind-reading technology.
D.To describe the historical development of BCI technology.
Passage D
Back in 2008, when I was working as a professional astronomer, I was granted two nights on a big telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity. I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data. When it was dawn, I emerged into the sunrise, sleepy-eyed and ready for dinner…or was it breakfast?
It was only years later that I realized I’d been to the peak of Mauna Kea and I hadn’t looked up at the night sky with my eyes even once. I now see this disappointing situation was representative of a deeper state of mental difficulty that had affected me like a long, slow sunset.
Over my years of immersion (沉浸) in the academic environment, I’d become lost in the world of ideas, disconnected from an emotional, direct experience, and from the wonder and passion that had drawn me into astronomy in the first place.
I’ve come to understand that this situation isn’t unique to me. These are typical symptoms of the modern world. So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature — in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now.
Astrophysics (天体物理学) was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental well-being and the wonder of my subjective, very human perspective.
When we look with wide-eyed curiosity, rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations, it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe. Studies have shown feeling awe on a regular basis is deeply beneficial to our mental health, because it helps us feel connected to something bigger than our everyday view of ourselves. Suddenly, our worries aren’t quite so all-important and we start to see ourselves from a different perspective.
It’s so easy to think that we’re looking up at the stars. But the truth is we’re in them — made of them, inseparable from them. You have grown out of, and are living as part of, this Universe. True, looking at it one way you’re a tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of dust on a remote planet in an unremarkable solar system. But from another perspective, you’re an integral part of the Universe experiencing itself through your own eyes, ears and thoughts. For me, this view has facilitated a complete transformation of my mental health and whole life.
32.The author felt a sense of the moment he arrived at Mauna Kea.
A.tirednes
B.regre
C.anticipation
D.uniqueness
33.The common problem ofthe modern world is caused by
A.man's separation from nature and the present
B.the wonder about and passion for our careers
C.our failure to observe the sky with naked eyes
D.years of absorption in endless academic debates
34.How can we carry out "mindful stargazing"?
A.By holding fast to science facts and figures.
B.By observing stars through an advanced telescope.
C.By integrating expectations and views of ourselves
D.By sensing the starry night in an open-minded way.
35.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.Stargazing from dusk to dawn
B.Seeing in a new light
C.Mysterious-looking universe
D.Awe-inspiring career
以下为答案及解析：
Passage C（说明文）
For years, the complex electrical signals inside the human brain were too difficult to decode. However, artificial intelligence (AI) is now turning the dream of “mind reading” into reality. At Stanford University, a 52-year-old woman, paralyzed by a stroke for 19 years, recently saw her internal thoughts appear as text on a screen. This was made possible by a tiny array of electrodes inserted into her brain, which worked with AI to translate her imagined speech into real-time words [28题答案].
💡 第一段首句指出“脑信号解码”是历史难题，后几句转折指出AI带来的重大突破。本段属于高考阅读常见首段：用However转折提出核心话题，给出具象化成果。在转折处设置题目较为常见，阅读时务必留意。
重点词组：paralyzed by a stroke 中风导致瘫痪（医学类词组近几年高考常见）
形近词：parallel 平行；纬线（地理生牢记）
引申：longitude line 经
This breakthrough is part of a larger movement in neuroscience. In 2025, researchers in Japan introduced “mind captioning,” a technique that uses AI and non-invasive brain scans to describe what a person is seeing or picturing. While these technologies are currently focused on helping patients with communication disabilities, such as those with ALS (渐冻症), they could eventually transform how all humans interact with each other and the world.
29题关键词BCI第二段未出现，建议学生阅读时跳过本段，寻找关键词为主。
The journey to this point has been long. Scientists have studied brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) since the 1960s, initially focusing on physical movements. Early BCIs allowed users to control prosthetic (假体的) limbs or computer cursors, but decoding speech proved much harder. As neuroengineer Maitreyee Wairagkar explains, much of the early research was conducted on monkeys, who, despite being able to learn to move objects with their brain signals, simply cannot speak [29题答案].
💡 本段是典型的说明文 “历史溯源 + 难点解释” 结构，首句引出话题，后面用but转折提出核心难点。再次在转折处设置题目，所以学生阅读时务必留意however, but这一类转折词。
📝 重点词汇
conduct 实施、开展（conduct research 开展研究）
高考写作必背短语：conduct an experiment /conduct a survey /conduct an interview
interface 接口
前缀 inter-：表示 “在… 之间、相互”（interact 互动 /international 国际的 /internet 互联网）
Recent progress, however, has been rapid. In 2021, a study showed that a paralyzed man could “write” 18 words per minute by picturing himself drawing letters in the air. By 2024 [30题答案，本题需结合上文BCI实际解决了病人问题，加本段“发展快速+两个时间节点强调”], Wairagkar’s lab trialled a new technique that translated attempted speech directly into text at 32 words per minute with 97.5% accuracy. Although this is still slower than natural human speech—which averages 150 words per minute—it marks a significant step toward everyday communication for those who have lost their voice. With companies like Neuralink seeking to bring these “brain chips” to the mass market, the era of commercialized BCIs may be just a few years away.
28.What is the function of the AI system mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.To repair the damaged neurons of stroke patients
B.To stimulate the brain to produce clearer speech.
C.To turn imagined speech into text on a screen
D.To predict the physical movements of paralyzed people.
29. Why was the devclopment of speech BCIs slower than movement BCIs?
A.Early animal subjects were unable to provide speech data.
B.Movement signals are more complex for AI to recognize.
C.Non-invasive brain scans were not available in the 1960s
D.Previous researchers lacked interest in communication tools.
30. What is the author's attitude toward the future of BCI technology?
A.Doubtful.
B.Optimistic.
C.Objective.
D.Critical.
31.What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To promote Neuralink's new brain chip products.
B.To question the reliability of brain-computer interfaces.
C.To explain how AI is advancing mind-reading technology.
D.To describe the historical development of BCI technology.
💡 31题为主旨大意题（答案有两处依据，需综合判断）：
开篇总起句（全文主题句）：
However, artificial intelligence (AI) is now turning the dream of “mind reading” into reality.（AI 正把 “读心术” 的梦想变为现实）
全文反复强调的主线：
第 1 段：AI + 电极 → 把想象的语言转化为文字 第 2 段：AI + 非侵入式脑扫描 → “mind captioning” 技术 第 4 段：AI 技术进展，从 18 词 / 分钟提升到 32 词 / 分钟全文始终围绕「AI 如何推动读心 / 脑信号解码技术发展」展开。
rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ v. 依靠；信赖 固定搭配：rely on/upon 依靠；指望
reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 词缀：rely + -able（可…… 的）
reliability /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/ n. 可靠性 词缀：reliable + -ity（表性质、状态）
补充拓展depend on 依靠；取决于 侧重客观条件影响，与 rely on 可互换使用。
📝 后缀 -able 含义：可…… 的；具备…… 性质的
- acceptable adj. 可接受的词根：accept (v. 接受)
- comfortable adj. 舒适的词根：comfort (v. 安慰；使舒适)
- suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的词根：suit (v. 适合)
- eatable adj. 可食用的词根：eat (v. 吃)
- adorable adj. 可爱的；值得爱慕的词根：adore (v. 喜爱)
- reasonable adj. 合理的；公道的词根：reason (n. 理由 v. 推理)
Passage D（夹叙夹议文，通常较难）
Back in 2008, when I was working as a professional astronomer, I was granted two nights on a big telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. I remember arriving at the peak of the volcano at dusk, very excited about this incredible opportunity [32题答案]. I went into the brightly lit telescope control room, plugged in my laptop and started preparing for the night of taking data. When it was dawn, I emerged into the sunrise, sleepy-eyed and ready for dinner…or was it breakfast?
📌 重点单词积累
professional /prəˈfeʃənl/adj. 专业的；职业的
emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ v. 出现；浮现
原文指：从室内 / 观测场地走出来，置身晨光里。
派生词：emergence (n. 出现)；emergency (n. 紧急情况)
It was only years later that I realized I’d been to the peak of Mauna Kea and I hadn’t looked up at the night sky with my eyes even once. I now see this disappointing situation was representative of a deeper state of mental difficulty that had affected me like a long, slow sunset.
Over my years of immersion (沉浸) in the academic environment, I’d become lost in the world of ideas, disconnected from an emotional, direct experience, and from the wonder and passion that had drawn me into astronomy in the first place [33题的common problem].
📌 重点词组积累
academic environment 学术环境
I’ve come to understand that this situation [代指上文的common problem] isn’t unique [可能对32题D项构成干扰，必须理解前面的this situation代指什么] to me. These are typical symptoms of the modern world. So many of us live increasingly disconnected from nature [33题答案] — in the day and nighttime — often lost in the world of ideas, plans or anxieties, with our attention rarely in the here and now.
Astrophysics (天体物理学) was what led me into the world of ideas and facts, but it was ultimately stargazing in a mindful way that showed me the way back to a more balanced state of mental well-being and the wonder of my subjective, very human perspective.
When we look with wide-eyed curiosity, rather than being preoccupied with facts and expectations [34题答案], it encourages a state of wonder, which leads to awe. Studies have shown feeling awe on a regular basis is deeply beneficial to our mental health, because it helps us feel connected to something bigger than our everyday view of ourselves. Suddenly, our worries aren’t quite so all-important and we start to see ourselves from a different perspective.
📌 重点单词积累
awe v.敬畏
perspective n.视角
近义词：
- angle
n. 角度；立场 - view
n. 观点；视角 - opinion
n. 看法 - standpoint
n. 立场、观点
It’s so easy to think that we’re looking up at the stars. But the truth is we’re in them — made of them, inseparable from them. You have grown out of, and are living as part of, this Universe. True, looking at it one way you’re a tiny, seemingly insignificant piece of dust on a remote planet in an unremarkable solar system. But from another perspective, you’re an integral part of the Universe experiencing itself through your own eyes, ears and thoughts. For me, this view has facilitated a complete transformation of my mental health and whole life.
📌 重点单词积累
transformation/ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃn/n. 转变；变革；改观
高考同前缀 trans- 高频考纲词
- transport/ˈtrænspɔːt/v./n. 运输；运送 port n.港口 import /ˈɪmpɔːt/ v./n. 进口；输入 export /ˈekspɔːt/ v./n. 出口；输出 passport /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ n. 护照
- translate/trænzˈleɪt/v. 翻译
- transmit/trænzˈmɪt/v. 传输；传播；发送
- transparent /trænsˈpærənt/adj. 透明的；显而易见的
- transfer/trænsˈfɜː(r)/v./n. 转移；转学；调任
32.The author felt a sense of the moment he arrived at Mauna Kea.
A.tirednes
B.regre
C.anticipation
D.uniqueness
33.The common problem ofthe modern world is caused by
A.man's separation from nature and the present
B.the wonder about and passion for our careers
C.our failure to observe the sky with naked eyes
D.years of absorption in endless academic debates
34.How can we carry out "mindful stargazing"?
A.By holding fast to science facts and figures.
B.By observing stars through an advanced telescope.
C.By integrating expectations and views of ourselves
D.By sensing the starry night in an open-minded way.
35.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.Stargazing from dusk to dawn
B.Seeing in a new light
C.Mysterious-looking universe
D.Awe-inspiring career
💡 35题为主旨题，需结合全文脉络 + 首尾议论段判断：文章以作者观星的亲身经历开篇，先反思自身状态，再引申到现代人普遍远离自然、心神浮躁的现状；后半部分层层递进，论述仰望星空、怀揣好奇与敬畏，能让人回归当下、平衡身心、重塑心境。核心主旨句集中在第 5、6、7 段。
