考研英语一2007真题阅读第2篇(篇章翻译)

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For the past several years, the Sunday newspapersupplement Paradehas featuredv.以...为特色a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visualanalogies, toenvision想象，预想paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savantfieldsv.处理，应付（问题或电话）；组建，派出；担任守方；接（球），守（球）n.田地，田野；专业，领域；现场，实地；体育场；全体参赛者；矿场，油田；战场；视野；（物理）场；信息栏，字段；外场员，防守队；盾面，底adj.实地的，野外的；（军事装备）轻便机动的，战役用的；（比赛）田赛的

such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’ s not obvious how the capacity tovisualize想象，使形象化；使可见，使显现 objects and to figure out 计算numerical patterns suits 使某人具备做某事的资格one to answer questions that have eluded v.（尤指机智地，巧妙地）避开，逃避；使达不到，使不能实现；使不记得，使不理解；对（法律，要求，处罚）不服从some of the best poets and philosophers.

在过去几年里，周末副刊杂志《大观》开设了一个特色专栏：问问玛丽莲。人们应邀向玛丽莲·沃斯·莎凡特提问，她在10岁时测得的智力水平就相当于普通人23岁左右的水平，智商为228,这是有记录以来的最高分数。(26)智商测试要求你完成言语类比和视觉类比，想象纸张在折叠和裁剪之后的形状，推导数字序列，以及其他诸如此类的任务。所以当沃斯·莎凡特成功回答出(智商为100的)普通人提出的诸如“爱和喜欢的区别是什么”或“运气和巧合的本质是什么”之类的问题时不免让人感到有点困惑。想象物体(形状)和破解数值模式的能力如何能使人解答那些曾难倒一些最优秀诗人和哲学家的问题，这一点难以理解。

【知识点】

supplementn.补充物，增补物；营养片剂，补品；补助，补贴；额外服务费用；（报纸或杂志的）副刊，增刊；（书籍的）补编，附录；（几何）补角

v.增加，增补

Parade/pəˈreɪd/n.游行；列队表演，展示；检阅，阅兵；阅兵场；一系列（人或事）；夸示，炫耀；<英>（用于街道名称中）商业街，公共广场；<英>（常指远离大街的）一小排店铺v.游行；（使）列队行进，接受检阅；招摇过市，大摇大摆；把（囚犯）示众；展示，展览；夸示，炫耀（财产、知识等）；（使）冒充，伪装

Clearly, intelligence encompasses v.包含，包括；包围，环绕；<古>促成，实现more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

显然，一项测试的得分不足以说明智力的内涵。那么什么叫聪明呢?智力有多少可以被明确测定?我们可以从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域中对智力了解多少？

The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales(both come in adult and children’ s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars,they are usually given only by psychologists, 

although variations n.变体,本文指“改编版本”of thempopulatev.（大批人或动物）居住于，生活于；充满，出现于（某地方，领域）；迁移，殖民于；（给文件）增添数据，输入数据bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’ s are no longerpossible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological/ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/adj.按发生时间顺序排列的；（年龄）按时间计算的age andmultiplyingby 100. 

Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the GraduateRecord Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

尽管如今IQ测试已经不像以前那么频繁地被使用，但IQ分数似乎仍是定义人类智力的术语。(27)智商测试主要有两种形式：斯坦福-比奈智力量表和韦克斯勒智力量表(两种测量表都分成人版和儿童版)。这两种测试形式费用一般为几百美元,通常只由心理学家提供,不过他们的改编版本在书店和互联网上随处可见。

(28)现在像沃斯·莎凡特这样的超高分再也不可能出现了，因为如今的分数是以同龄群体的人口统计分布状况为基础的，而不是简单地用智力年龄除以生理年龄再乘以100而得到的。其他的标准化测试，如学术能力评估测试(SAT)和美国研究生入学考试(GRE),也都充分体现了智商测试的主要特点。

Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components n.部件；组件；成分；分力（component 的复数）also critical to problem solving and life success. 

Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlatedwith leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiledvi.长时间或辛苦地工作；艰难缓慢地移动；跋涉；n.报酬很低的苦活，苦工；罗网，圈套；through(toil through艰难跋涉，历尽困苦做某事)SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions toskip.

罗伯特·J.斯滕伯格认为：这样的标准化测试或许并不能评估出在学业和生活中取得成功所必需的所有重要因素。他在《智商测试有多智能?》一文中指出：传统测试能对分析能力和语言能力做出最佳评估，但无法评估创造能力和实践知识，而这两者也是解决问题和获得人生成功的关键因素。而且，一旦受试人群或者受试环境发生变化，智商测试未必能做出精准的预测。

研究发现，在压力小的情况下，智商测试可以预测受试者领导能力的高低；但是在压力大的情况下，智商测试与领导能力呈负相关的关系——也就是说，智商测试所检测出的领导能力与实际情况相反。任何熬过SAT的人都可以证实，应试技巧也很重要，无论是知道何时应该猜测或是哪些问题应该跳过。