中考英语短文填空 · 动词变形精讲第二期(超难考点突破)

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中考英语短文填空 · 动词变形精讲第二期(超难考点突破)

短文填空是2026中考英语的核心难点题型,而动词变形是其中考察最多、失分最严重、变化最复杂的考点——不仅要掌握动词本身的5种基础变形,还要结合时态、语态,以及动词向形容词、名词的转化,兼顾规则变化和不规则变化,极易混淆出错。

本期文章满满的都是考试干货,摒弃零散技巧,按中考核心考察类型分类,先讲“考察点+解题技巧+变化规则”,再配针对性练习(贴合中考短文填空语境,附详细解析),帮你吃透所有动词变形考点,做题不纠结、不丢分,精准突破短文填空难点。

一、中考短文填空动词变形 · 4大核心考察类型(全覆盖,按考频排序)

核心原则:先判断“考察类型”,再套用对应技巧,拒绝盲目猜填。所有技巧均结合2023-2025年中考真题总结,直接适配2026中考,可直接记、直接用。

类型1,2见上期内容

类型3:动词变形容词(考察难度中等,占10%)

考察核心:动词通过加后缀,转化为形容词,用于修饰名词、作表语,是短文填空中“词性转换”的高频考点,变化规则固定,易掌握。

1. 解题技巧

先判断空格前后的词性:① 空格后是名词(如:a ______ story),空格需填形容词;② 空格前是be动词(am/is/are/was/were),空格需填形容词(作表语);③ 空格前有very/so/too等副词,空格需填形容词。

2. 核心变化规则(中考高频,记熟直接用)

后缀类型

变化规则

高频示例(动词→形容词)

中考语境例句

+ing

多修饰“事物”,表“令人……的”

interest→interesting(令人感兴的)

excite→exciting(令人兴奋的)surprise→surprising(令人惊讶的)

It is an interesting book.(修饰事物)

+ed

多修饰“人”,表“感到……的”

interest→interested(感到感兴趣的) excite→excited(感到兴奋的)surprise→surprised(感到惊讶的)

She is interested in English.(修饰人)

+able

表“可……的、能……的”,多为及物动词变化

comfortcomfortable(舒适的) enjoyenjoyable(令人愉快的) value→valuable(有价值的)

This book is valuable for students.(作表语)

3. 易错提醒

区分-ing和-ed形容词:事物用-ing,人用-ed(如:The movie is exciting;We are excited.)

部分动词变形容词有特殊拼写(如:die→dead,not→notable,please→pleasant)。

4. 动词变形容词针对性练习(贴合短文填空语境)

根据短文上下文,填入动词对应的形容词形式

A. The news is very ______ (excite). All the students are ______ (excite) to hear it. Our teacher is very ______ (help), she always helps us solve problems. Don’t be ______ (care), or you will make mistakes.

B. This story is ______ (interest), so many children are ______ (interest) in it. The food is ______ (eat), we can eat it safely. He is ______ (care) than before, he hardly makes mistakes now.

类型4:动词变名词(考察难度中等,占10%)

考察核心:动词通过加后缀,转化为名词,用于作主语、宾语、定语,也是短文填空中“词性转换”的核心考点,变化规则固定,结合语境易判断。

1. 解题技巧

先判断空格的句子成分:① 空格在句首(作主语),需填名词;② 空格前有冠词(a/an/the)、形容词,需填名词;③ 空格前有介词(in/on/of/for),需填名词;④ 空格前有数量词(one/two/many),需填名词(复数)。

2. 核心变化规则(中考高频,记熟直接用)

后缀类型

变化规则

高频示例(动词→名词)

中考语境例句

+tion / +sion

最高频,多为及物动词变化,部分需调整拼写

act→action(行动), decide→decision(决定), discuss→discussion(讨论), invent→invention(发明)

His decision is right.(作主语)

+ment

表“动作、过程、结果”

develop→development(发展), improve→improvement(进步), agree→agreement(同意)

We can see the improvement of our city.(作宾语)

+er / +or

表“做某事的人、工具”

teach→teacher(老师), work→worker(工人), visit→visitor(游客), act→actor(演员)

She is a good teacher.(作表语)

+ing

动名词作名词,表“动作本身”

read→reading(阅读), write→writing(写作), swim→swimming(游泳)

Reading is good for us.(作主语)

特殊变化

无固定后缀,需单独记忆

choose→choice(选择), fly→flight(航班), see→sight(视力), do→do(行为)

I have no choice but to study hard.(作宾语)

3. 易错提醒

注意名词的单复数:空格前有a/an/the,填单数;有many/some/these,填复数(如:decision→decisions, teacher→teachers)。

部分动词变名词有拼写变化(如:decide→decision;discuss→discussion)

4. 动词变名词针对性练习(贴合短文填空语境)

根据短文上下文,填入动词对应的名词形式

A. His ______ (decide) to study abroad makes his parents happy. We had a good ______ (discuss) about the problem yesterday. The ______ (develop) of our country is very fast. Many ______ (visit) come to our city every year.

B. ______ (read) is my favorite hobby. She wants to be a ______ (teach) when she grows up. We all agree with his ______ (agree). The ______ (invent) of the computer changes the world.

二、2026中考短文填空 · 动词变形综合练习(1篇完整短文,贴合中考难度)

阅读下面短文,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使短文完整、通顺(每空1词,涵盖4大考察类型)

Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to their health. Doing exercise is a good way to keep healthy. My father ______ (exercise) every morning. He ______ (start) doing exercise five years ago. So far, he ______ (keep) doing it for five years. Look! He ______ (run) on the playground now.

Exercise ______ (help) people keep fit. Many sports ______ (play) by people all over the world. Last year, a sports meeting ______ (hold) in our school. It was very ______ (excite), and all the students were ______ (excite) to take part in it.

Our teacher often gives us some ______ (advise) on how to keep healthy. His ______ (suggest) is very ______ (help). We make a ______ (decide) to exercise every day. I believe that with more ______ (practice), we will be healthier.

三、答案+详细解析(逐题对应考点,帮你查漏补缺)

(一)分类型练习答案+解析

3. 动词变形容词练习

A. exciting(修饰news,事物,用-ing);excited(修饰students,人,用-ed);helpful(help+ful,表“有帮助的”);careless(care+less,表“粗心的”)

B. interesting(修饰story,事物);interested(修饰children,人);eatable(eat+able,表“可吃的”);more careful(careful的比较级,than提示用比较级)

4. 动词变名词练习

A. decision(decide→decision,名词,作主语,a后用单数);discussion(discuss→discussion,名词,a后用单数);development(develop→development,名词,作主语);visitors(visit→visitor,名词,many后用复数)

B. Reading(read→reading,动名词作主语);teacher(teach→teacher,名词,a后用单数);agreement(agree→agreement,名词,his后用单数);invention(invent→invention,名词,the后用单数)

(二)综合练习答案+解析

1. exercises(时态类,一般现在时,主语my father是三单);

2. started(时态类,一般过去时,标志词five years ago);

3. has kept(时态类,现在完成时,标志词so far);

4. is running(时态类,现在进行时,标志词now);

5. helps(时态类,一般现在时,主语exercise是单数);

6. are played(语态类,一般现在时被动,主语many sports是复数);

7. was held(语态类,一般过去时被动,标志词last year);

8. exciting(形容词类,修饰it,事物);

9. excited(形容词类,修饰students,人);

10. advice(名词类,advise→advice,不可数名词);

11. suggestion(名词类,suggest→suggestion,单数);

12. helpful(形容词类,help+ful);

13. decision(名词类,decide→decision,a后用单数);

14. practice(名词类,practice可直接作名词,不可数)

四、极简背诵版(考场应急,直接默写)

1. 时态类:现三单看主语,过去看标志,进行找be动,完成have/has+过分;

2. 语态类:被动译“被……”,be+过分,时态看be动;

3. 变形容词:事物-ing,人-ed,helpful/careless记牢;

4. 变名词:tion/sion/ment,er/or表人,单复数看修饰。

结尾

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