Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪地，湖的大小很大程度上取决于季节变化。湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名：湖北意为“湖的北边”，而湖南则为“湖的南边”。洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。据说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸，为的是搜寻楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。
【译文】Dongting Lake is a large but shallow lake located in the northeast part of Hunan province. As a natural reservoir that stores floodwaters from the Yangtze River, the lake expands and contracts largely depending on the season. The provinces of Hubei and Hunan are named after their locations relative to the lake: the former means "north of the lake", while the latter means "south of the lake". Dongting Lake is well-known in Chinese culture as the birthplace of dragon boat race. It is said that dragon boat race started on the east bank of Dongting Lake for the purpose of searching for the body of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of Chu. Dragon boat race and Dongting Lake, together with the beautiful scenery around it, attract thousands of visitors from home and abroad every year.
【亮点词汇】
1.位于: be located in...; be situated in...; lie in...
2. (河、湖等的)浅: shallow
3. 蓄洪地: 1)a place for flood storage;
2)a place storing floodwaters
4. 取决于: 1)depend on...2)hinge on... 3)be decided by...
5. 因……得名: 1)be named after...2) get one’s name from...
6.以...著名：1）be famous for...2)be noted for...3)be celebrated for...4)be known for...
7.相对位置: 1)location relative to...2)position relative to...; 3)relative position...
8.龙舟赛: dragon boat race...
9.发源地: 1)birthplace; 2)cradle; 3)place of origin...
10.享有盛名: 1)be well-known; 2)enjoy great prestige...3)enjoy great reputation; 4)be of high repute...
11.据说: 1)It is said that...; It is alleged that...
12.始于: 1)begin; 2)start; 3)originate from...4)originate in...
13.搜寻: 1)look for; 2)search for; 3)seek...
14.爱国的: patriotic英 /ˌpeɪtriˈɒtɪk/;patriot /ˈpeɪtriət/ n. 爱国者; patriotism /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/ n. 爱国主义
15.遗体: body; remains
16.美景: 1)beautiful scenery 2) beautiful landscape; 3)gorgeous scenery/landscape; 4)enchanting scenery/landscape...
***gorgeous /ˈɡɔːdʒəs/形容词 adj.极其漂亮的；华丽的；令人赞叹的（文中用来形容 scenery/landscape，语气比 beautiful 更强）
【详细解析】
1. 洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。
【译文】1）Dongting Lake is a large but shallow lake located in the northeast part of Hunan province.
2）Dongting Lake is a large but shallow lake that/which is located in the northeast part of Hunan province.
3)Dongting Lake is a large but shallow lake, which is located in the northeast part of Hunan province.
4）Located in the northeastern part of Hunan Province, Dongting Lake is a large but shallow lake.
【分析】第1句中的“面积很大，但湖水很浅”如果被翻译成：Dongting Lake is large in size but shallow in depth...这是一种中式英语的赘余（语义重复），large意即面积大，故可删去in size；shallow也是一样。因此翻译时，处理为用形容词，作前置定语修饰名词lake，后面located in...过去分词短语做名词lake的后置定语。也可以用that/which引导的限制性定语从句或which引导的非限制性定语从句，进一步对洞庭湖的位置加以解释说明。也可以把这样的从句直接放在洞庭湖之后，即：Dongting lake, which is located in the northeasten part of Hunan Province, is large but shallow.
2.洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪地，湖的大小很大程度上取决于季节变化。
【译文】1）As a natural reservoir that stores floodwaters from the Yangtze River, the lake expands and contracts largely depending on the season.(词类转换，减词）
湖的大小转换为动词（expand and contract)
做主句的谓语，同时“变化”省去不翻译。
2）As a flood storage area of the Yangtze River, its size largely depends on seasonal changes.（中式英语）
【分析】 第2句前半句和后半句主语不同，翻译时要么拆成两个独立的句子，要么把信息进行重组，把“洞庭湖”设为整个句子的主语。“洞庭湖是……蓄洪地”可处理为as引导的介词短语，作状语；“湖的大小变化”则转换成“湖变大变小”(词类转换），使得前后两个句子的逻辑主语一致。“取决于季节变化”可翻译为分词短语depending on the season，无需加change (of the season)（减词法）。
3.湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名：湖北意为“湖的北边”，而湖南则为“湖的南边”。
【译文】The provinces of Hubei and Hunan are named after their locations relative to the lake: the former means "north of the lake", while the latter means "south of the lake".
【分析】1）湖北和湖南两省中的“两省”是概括性的词，应省去不翻译；“因...得名”区别于“因...而著名/闻名遐迩”，即"be famous for/be noted for/be celebrated for/be known for..."; 因为"name after"是“以...取名，以...命名”就是说“湖北，湖南两省的命名的由来”。
2）本句还有用"the former...前者", "the latter...后者"，为了避免重复，分别来代替“湖北、湖南”（替代法）
4.洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。
【译文】Dongting Lake enjoys a great reputation in Chinese culture as the birthplace of the dragon boat race.
【分析】第4句主干结构是“洞庭湖……享有盛名”，“享有盛名”可按字面译为enjoy a high reputation/prestige，也可处理为系表结构be well-known、be celebrated等。“享有声誉”还可以翻译为"enjoy great reputation"或"enjoy great popularity"。也可处理为系表结构be well-known、be celebrated等。“作为发源地”可以译为as引导的介词短语，也可以处理为原因状语从句表明因果关系（because...）。注意“发源地”的翻译有多种，即：birthplace; cradle; place of origin等。
5.据说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸，为的是搜寻楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。
【译文】It is said that dragon boat race started on the east bank of Dongting Lake for the purpose of searching for the body of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of Chu.
【分析】1）第5句中的“据说”可以用It is said/alleged that或sth. is said to句型。“龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸”是说过去的事，注意要用一般过去时。“楚国爱国诗人屈原”用同位语（Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of Chu）进行解释说明。
2）据说: it is said/alleged that...
始于: begin; start; originate from/in
搜寻: look for; search for; seek
爱国的: patriotic
遗体: body; remains
6.龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。
【译文】Dragon boat race and Dongting Lake, together with the beautiful scenery around it, attract thousands of visitors from home and abroad every year.
【分析】第6句的“来自全国和世界各地”可以译为from China and across the world，也可以处理为from home and abroad。
但本句建议修改为：from all over China and across the world。
因为：共用前置介词 from，并列两个地点状语：
① all over China 全国（明确国内，规避China包含在world内的逻辑问题）
② across the world 世界各地。
