短文填空是2026中考英语的核心难点题型,而动词变形是其中考察最多、失分最严重、变化最复杂的考点——不仅要掌握动词本身的5种基础变形,还要结合时态、语态,以及动词向形容词、名词的转化,兼顾规则变化和不规则变化,极易混淆出错。
本期文章满满的都是考试干货,摒弃零散技巧,按中考核心考察类型分类,先讲“考察点+解题技巧+变化规则”,再配针对性练习(贴合中考短文填空语境,附详细解析),帮你吃透所有动词变形考点,做题不纠结、不丢分,精准突破短文填空难点。
一、中考短文填空动词变形 · 4大核心考察类型(全覆盖,按考频排序)
核心原则:先判断“考察类型”,再套用对应技巧,拒绝盲目猜填。所有技巧均结合2023-2025年中考真题总结,直接适配2026中考,可直接记、直接用。
类型1:时态类动词变形(考频最高,占动词变形题60%)
考察核心:根据短文语境、时态标志词,判断动词的“原形、三单、过去式、现在分词”,核心对应4种中考必考时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时)。
1. 解题技巧(一眼判定,永不踩坑)
时态 | 核心标志词 | 动词变形要求 | 解题关键 |
一般现在时 | often, usually, always, every day, sometimes, on weekends, 常态描述 | 主语是三单(he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词)→ 三单形式;其余→ 原形 | 先看主语单复数,再看时态标志 |
一般过去时 | yesterday, last (week/month/year), ago, just now, then, in 2024 | 无论主语单复数,均用过去式(规则/不规则) | 看见标志词,直接变过去式;无标志词看全文时态(全文过去,统一变过去) |
现在进行时 | Look!, Listen!, now, at the moment, 正在进行的动作描述 | am/is/are + 现在分词(doing) | 先找be动词,再变doing;无be动词,结合语境判断“正在进行” |
现在完成时 | already, yet, since(自从), for(持续一段时间), so far, up to now | have/has + 过去分词(done) | 先找have/has,再变过去分词;注意延续性动词(如buy→had) |
2. 核心变化规则(必考,记熟不丢分)
•三单变化(一般现在时):① 一般直接加s(play→plays, work→works);② s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加es(pass→passes, watch→watches, go→goes, do→does);③ 辅音+y结尾,变y为i加es(study→studies, worry→worries);④ 特殊变化:have→has, be→is/are
•过去式变化:① 规则:直接加ed(play→played);e结尾加d(like→liked);辅音+y变i加ed(study→studied);重读闭音节双写尾字母加ed(stop→stopped, plan→planned);② 不规则(短文填空高频,必须记):go→went, do→did, eat→ate, see→saw, say→said, tell→told, get→got, make→made, take→took, leave→left, write→wrote
•现在分词变化:① 一般直接加ing(play→playing);② e结尾去e加ing(like→liking, write→writing);③ 重读闭音节双写尾字母加ing(run→running, swim→swimming);④ ie结尾变y加ing(lie→lying, die→dying)
•过去分词变化:① 规则:与过去式一致(played→played, studied→studied);② 不规则(高频必考):be→been, do→done, go→gone, see→seen, write→written, break→broken, speak→spoken, choose→chosen, grow→grown
3. 时态类针对性练习(贴合短文填空语境)
根据短文上下文,填入动词的适当形式(每空1词,贴合中考难度)
A. My brother ______ (play) basketball every afternoon. He ______ (play) it very well. Last Sunday, he ______ (play) with his friends and they ______ (win) the game. Now, he ______ (play) basketball on the playground. He ______ (play) for 2 hours already.
B. —______ you ______ (finish) your homework yet? —No, I ______ (start) it just now. I ______ (do) it carefully now. I ______ (finish) it in an hour.
类型2:语态类动词变形(次高频,占20%,最难突破)
考察核心:判断主语与动词的“主动/被动关系”,被动语态的核心变形的是“be动词 + 过去分词”,结合时态变化be动词形式。
1. 解题技巧(3步秒杀)
1.第一步:翻译句子,判断“主语是动作的发出者(主动)还是承受者(被动)”—— 能翻译出“被……”,就是被动语态。
2.第二步:确定时态(结合时态标志词),判断be动词的形式(am/is/are/was/were/have been)。
3.第三步:动词变“过去分词”,注意不规则过去分词的拼写。
2. 中考必考被动语态结构(3种,全覆盖)
•一般现在时被动:am/is/are + 过去分词(如:The letter is written by Tom.)
•一般过去时被动:was/were + 过去分词(如:The bridge was built last year.)
•现在完成时被动:have/has been + 过去分词(如:The work has been finished.)
3. 易错提醒(高频丢分点)
•被动语态中,动词必须用“过去分词”,不能用过去式(如:误→was write;正→was written)。
•短语动词的被动语态,不能省略介词/副词(如:误→The baby is taken care;正→The baby is taken care of)。
•主语是单数,be动词用is/was;主语是复数,用are/were,避免主谓不一致。
4. 语态类针对性练习(贴合短文填空语境)
根据短文上下文,填入动词的适当形式(被动语态为主)
A. English ______ (speak) by many people in the world. Every year, many books ______ (write) in English. Last year, a new library ______ (build) in our school. Now, the library ______ (use) by all the students.
B. The meeting ______ (hold) tomorrow morning. All the teachers ______ (ask) to attend it. The report ______ (finish) already, so we can start on time.
类型3:动词变形容词(考察难度中等,占10%)
考察核心:动词通过加后缀,转化为形容词,用于修饰名词、作表语,是短文填空中“词性转换”的高频考点,变化规则固定,易掌握。
1. 解题技巧
先判断空格前后的词性:① 空格后是名词(如:a ______ story),空格需填形容词;② 空格前是be动词(am/is/are/was/were),空格需填形容词(作表语);③ 空格前有very/so/too等副词,空格需填形容词。
2. 核心变化规则(中考高频,记熟直接用)
后缀类型 | 变化规则 | 高频示例(动词→形容词) | 中考语境例句 |
+ing | 多修饰“事物”,表“令人……的” | interest→interesting(令人感兴趣的) excite→exciting(令人兴奋的)surprise→surprising(令人惊讶的) | It is an interesting book.(修饰事物) |
+ed | 多修饰“人”,表“感到……的” | interest→interested(感到感兴趣的) excite→excited(感到兴奋的)surprise→surprised(感到惊讶的) | She is interested in English.(修饰人) |
+able | 表“可……的、能……的”,多为及物动词变化 | comfort→comfortable(舒适的) enjoy→enjoyable(令人愉快的) value→valuable(有价值的) | This book is valuable for students.(作表语) |
3. 易错提醒
•区分-ing和-ed形容词:事物用-ing,人用-ed(如:The movie is exciting;We are excited.)
•部分动词变形容词有特殊拼写(如:die→dead,not→notable,please→pleasant)。
4. 动词变形容词针对性练习(贴合短文填空语境)
根据短文上下文,填入动词对应的形容词形式
A. The news is very ______ (excite). All the students are ______ (excite) to hear it. Our teacher is very ______ (help), she always helps us solve problems. Don’t be ______ (care), or you will make mistakes.
B. This story is ______ (interest), so many children are ______ (interest) in it. The food is ______ (eat), we can eat it safely. He is ______ (care) than before, he hardly makes mistakes now.
类型4:动词变名词(考察难度中等,占10%)
考察核心:动词通过加后缀,转化为名词,用于作主语、宾语、定语,也是短文填空中“词性转换”的核心考点,变化规则固定,结合语境易判断。
1. 解题技巧
先判断空格的句子成分:① 空格在句首(作主语),需填名词;② 空格前有冠词(a/an/the)、形容词,需填名词;③ 空格前有介词(in/on/of/for),需填名词;④ 空格前有数量词(one/two/many),需填名词(复数)。
2. 核心变化规则(中考高频,记熟直接用)
后缀类型 | 变化规则 | 高频示例(动词→名词) | 中考语境例句 |
+tion / +sion | 最高频,多为及物动词变化,部分需调整拼写 | act→action(行动), decide→decision(决定), discuss→discussion(讨论), invent→invention(发明) | His decision is right.(作主语) |
+ment | 表“动作、过程、结果” | develop→development(发展), improve→improvement(进步), agree→agreement(同意) | We can see the improvement of our city.(作宾语) |
+er / +or | 表“做某事的人、工具” | teach→teacher(老师), work→worker(工人), visit→visitor(游客), act→actor(演员) | She is a good teacher.(作表语) |
+ing | 动名词作名词,表“动作本身” | read→reading(阅读), write→writing(写作), swim→swimming(游泳) | Reading is good for us.(作主语) |
特殊变化 | 无固定后缀,需单独记忆 | choose→choice(选择), fly→flight(航班), see→sight(视力), do→do(行为) | I have no choice but to study hard.(作宾语) |
3. 易错提醒
•注意名词的单复数:空格前有a/an/the,填单数;有many/some/these,填复数(如:decision→decisions, teacher→teachers)。
•部分动词变名词有拼写变化(如:decide→decision,去掉e加tion;discuss→discussion,加sion)。
4. 动词变名词针对性练习(贴合短文填空语境)
根据短文上下文,填入动词对应的名词形式
A. His ______ (decide) to study abroad makes his parents happy. We had a good ______ (discuss) about the problem yesterday. The ______ (develop) of our country is very fast. Many ______ (visit) come to our city every year.
B. ______ (read) is my favorite hobby. She wants to be a ______ (teach) when she grows up. We all agree with his ______ (agree). The ______ (invent) of the computer changes the world.
二、2026中考短文填空 · 动词变形综合练习(1篇完整短文,贴合中考难度)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使短文完整、通顺(每空1词,涵盖4大考察类型)
Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to their health. Doing exercise is a good way to keep healthy. My father ______ (exercise) every morning. He ______ (start) doing exercise five years ago. So far, he ______ (keep) doing it for five years. Look! He ______ (run) on the playground now.
Exercise ______ (help) people keep fit. Many sports ______ (play) by people all over the world. Last year, a sports meeting ______ (hold) in our school. It was very ______ (excite), and all the students were ______ (excite) to take part in it.
Our teacher often gives us some ______ (advise) on how to keep healthy. His ______ (suggest) is very ______ (help). We make a ______ (decide) to exercise every day. I believe that with more ______ (practice), we will be healthier.
三、答案+详细解析(逐题对应考点,帮你查漏补缺)
(一)分类型练习答案+解析
1. 时态类练习
A. plays(一般现在时,主语my brother是三单);plays(同上,并列句,时态一致);played(一般过去时,标志词last Sunday);won(一般过去时,and连接并列谓语,与played一致);is playing(现在进行时,标志词now);has played(现在完成时,标志词for 2 hours)
B. Have; finished(现在完成时,标志词yet);started(一般过去时,标志词just now);am doing(现在进行时,标志词now);will finish(一般将来时,标志词in an hour)
2. 语态类练习
A. is spoken(一般现在时被动,主语English是动作承受者,复数,用are;注意speak的过去分词是spoken);are written(一般现在时被动,主语many books是复数);was built(一般过去时被动,标志词last year,主语a new library是单数);is used(一般现在时被动,标志词now,主语the library是单数)
B. will be held(一般将来时被动,标志词tomorrow);are asked(一般现在时被动,主语all the teachers是复数);has been finished(现在完成时被动,标志词already)
3. 动词变形容词练习
A. exciting(修饰news,事物,用-ing);excited(修饰students,人,用-ed);helpful(help+ful,表“有帮助的”);careless(care+less,表“粗心的”)
B. interesting(修饰story,事物);interested(修饰children,人);eatable(eat+able,表“可吃的”);more careful(careful的比较级,than提示用比较级)
4. 动词变名词练习
A. decision(decide→decision,名词,作主语,a后用单数);discussion(discuss→discussion,名词,a后用单数);development(develop→development,名词,作主语);visitors(visit→visitor,名词,many后用复数)
B. Reading(read→reading,动名词作主语);teacher(teach→teacher,名词,a后用单数);agreement(agree→agreement,名词,his后用单数);invention(invent→invention,名词,the后用单数)
(二)综合练习答案+解析
1. exercises(时态类,一般现在时,主语my father是三单);2. started(时态类,一般过去时,标志词five years ago);3. has kept(时态类,现在完成时,标志词so far);4. is running(时态类,现在进行时,标志词now);5. helps(时态类,一般现在时,主语exercise是单数);6. are played(语态类,一般现在时被动,主语many sports是复数);7. was held(语态类,一般过去时被动,标志词last year);8. exciting(形容词类,修饰it,事物);9. excited(形容词类,修饰students,人);10. advice(名词类,advise→advice,不可数名词);11. suggestion(名词类,suggest→suggestion,单数);12. helpful(形容词类,help+ful);13. decision(名词类,decide→decision,a后用单数);14. practice(名词类,practice可直接作名词,不可数)
四、极简背诵版(考场应急,直接默写)
1. 时态类:现三单看主语,过去看标志,进行找be动,完成have/has+过分;
2. 语态类:被动译“被……”,be+过分,时态看be动;
3. 变形容词:事物-ing,人-ed,helpful/careless记牢;
4. 变名词:tion/sion/ment,er/or表人,单复数看修饰。
结尾
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