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46.They sometimes travelmore than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good atworking out whereother elephants are — even whenthey areout of sight.

【词汇积累】

sometimes adv. 有时

travel v. 行进；跋涉

mile n. 英里

be good at 擅长

work out 弄清楚；判断出

out of sight 看不见；在视野之外

【结构分析】

主句1：They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water

状语：sometimes（频度）、more than sixty miles（距离）、to find food or water（目的）

并列主句2：andare very good at working out where other elephants are

宾语从句：where other elephants are（作 working out 的宾语）

让步状语从句：even when they are out of sight

【参考译文】

它们有时会跋涉60 多英里去寻找食物或水，并且非常善于找出其他大象在哪里——即使这些大象在视线之外。

47.The researchers are convincedthat the elephants always know precisely wherethey are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore takeshortcuts, as well as following familiar routes.

【词汇积累】

researcher n. 研究人员

be convinced that 确信；坚信

precisely adv. 精确地；准确地

in relation to 相对于；关于

resource n. 资源

therefore adv. 因此；所以

take shortcuts 抄近路

familiar adj. 熟悉的

route n. 路线

【结构分析】

这是一个主从复合句，主句后接一个包含并列谓语的宾语从句。

主句：The researchers are convinced

宾语从句：that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts, as well as following familiar routes

宾语从句：where they are in relation to all the resources

定语从句：they need（修饰 resources）

伴随状语：as well as following familiar routes

【参考译文】

研究人员确信，关于他们所需的所有资源，大象总是准确地知道自己在哪里，因此它们可以走捷径，也可以沿着熟悉的路线走。

48.One possibility wasthat they merely used their eyes and tried out the plantsthey found, butthat would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least becausetheir eyesight is actually not very good.

【词汇积累】

possibility n. 可能性

merely adv. 仅仅；只不过

try out 尝试；试验

result in 导致；造成

wasted adj. 被浪费的

not least because 尤其因为；更重要的是因为

eyesight n. 视力

actually adv. 实际上；事实上

【结构分析】

这是一个并列复合句，由转折连词but 连接两个分句，第二个分句后接一个原因状语从句。

分句1：One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found

表语从句：that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found

并列谓语：used their eyes 和 tried out the plants

定语从句：they found（修饰 plants）

转折连词：but

分句2：that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy

原因状语从句：not least because their eyesight is actually not very good

【参考译文】

一种可能性是，它们只是用眼睛来试验他们发现的植物，但这可能会浪费大量时间和精力，尤其因为它们的视力实际上不是很好。

49.The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carrieda long way,andthey are very characteristic:Each plant or tree hasits own particular odor signature. 

【词汇积累】

volatile adj. 挥发性的

chemical n. 化学物质

characteristic adj. 独特的；有特点的

particular adj. 特殊的；独特的

odor n. 气味

signature n. 特征；标识

【结构分析】

这是一个并列复合句，由并列连词and 连接两个分句，第二个分句后接一个冒号引导的解释说明句。

分句1：The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way

并列连词：and

分句2：they are very characteristic

解释说明句：Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature

【参考译文】

植物生产的挥发性化学物质可以散发很远的距离，而且这些物质非常有特点：每一种植物或树木都有自己独特的气味特征。

50.The experiment showed that elephants may well usesmell to identify patches of trees thatare good to eat and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch. 

【词汇积累】

experiment n. 实验；试验

smell n. 嗅觉；气味

patch n. （土地的）一片；一块；区域

quality n. 质量；品质

show v. 表明；证明；显示

identify v. 识别；辨认出；确定

assess v. 评估；评价；评定

secondly adv. 其次；第二

within prep. 在…… 之内；在…… 里面

may well 很可能；极有可能（表较高的可能性，强于普通的 may）

patches of 一片片的；一块块的

be good to eat 适合食用的

assess the quality of 评估…… 的质量

【结构分析】

主句（主谓宾结构）:The experiment showed

宾语从句（主谓宾+ 双目的状语结构）:that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch

并列目的状语（由and 连接，说明 "利用嗅觉" 的两个目的）：

第一个目的状语：to identify patches of trees that are good to eat

第二个目的状语：and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch

定语从句（修饰第一个目的状语中的trees）:that are good to eat

【参考译文】

实验表明，大象很可能利用嗅觉来识别适合食用的成片树木，其次是评估每一片区域内树木的质量。

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