Passage 1（第二套）音频、真题、答案、听力原文、答案解析、参考译文
【音频】
【真题】
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.
A) It usually requires years of preparations.
B) It does a lot of harm to the environment.
C) It often burns over three hundred tonnes of refined fuel.
D) It proves to be the most complicated stage of space missions.
17.
A) They are burnt up in outer space.
B) They are guided back to Earth.
C) They are reused up to 100 times.
D) They are treated as expendable.
18.
A) New technologies for bringing back space vehicles for recycling.
B) The technology for meeting the needs of commercial space travel.
C) Many of the technologies to limit the impact of space travel on Earth.
D) The technology for effectively protecting ozone from being destroyed.
【答案】
16. B) It does a lot of harm to the environment.
17. D) They are treated as expendable.
18. C) Many of the technologies to limit the impact of space travel on Earth.
【听力原文】
[16] Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes.For instance, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 gets through 112 tonnes of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tonnes of CO2. This is the equivalent produced by your average car driving almost 70 times around the world. [16] As well as greenhouse gases, rocket engines emit particles that destroy ozone.These issues are growing more pressing with the emergence of commercial spaceflight. There were 114 space launches in 2020, but there may be up to 1,000 per year in future.
Sustainable fuels are the top priority to enable greener space travel. Current spacecraft use a variety of fuels, but most are based on fossil fuels. One potentially greener option is liquid hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be obtained sustainably by using solar power to break water down into oxygen and hydrogen.
Reusable rockets can cut down on some of the waste associated with spaceflight.[17] Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable.But guiding them back to Earth in a controlled manner opens new possibilities—most components from the Falcon 9 can be reused up to 100 times.
Truly environmentally friendly space travel is still some way off. [18] But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet.
【答案解析】
16. What do we learn from the passage about the lift-off of spacecraft?
关于航天器的发射，我们从文章中了解到什么？
答案：
B) It does a lot of harm to the environment.
它对环境造成诸多危害。
解析：
文章开头提到，“Lift-off is usually the most environmentally harmful stage of any space mission, with vast quantities of fuel burnt up in a matter of minutes.”发射阶段通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，大量燃料在几分钟内就会燃烧殆尽。“As well as greenhouse gases, rocket engines emit particles that destroy ozone.”除了温室气体之外，火箭发动机还会排放破坏臭氧层的微粒。由此可知，航天器在发射升空时，既会产生大量温室气体，又会对臭氧层造成损害，因此选B。
干扰项分析：
A) It usually requires years of preparations.
它通常需要多年的准备工作。
文中没有提及，故排除。
C) It often burns over three hundred tonnes of refined fuel.
它经常要消耗三百多吨精炼燃料。
文中提到“For instance, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 gets through 112 tonnes of refined fuel, emitting about 336 tonnes of CO2.”例如，太空探索技术公司的“猎鹰9号”火箭消耗112吨精炼燃料并排放约336吨二氧化碳。文中提到的三百多吨，不是指的精炼燃料，故排除。
D) It proves to be the most complicated stage of space missions.
它被证明是太空任务中最复杂的阶段。
文中没有提及，故排除。
17. What happens traditionally to boosters, fuel tanks and other components in spaceflight?
在航天飞行中，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件传统上是如何处理的？
答案：
D) They are treated as expendable.
它们被当作消耗品。
解析：
文章中提到，“Traditionally, boosters, fuel tanks and other components are treated as expendable.”传统上，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件都被视作消耗品。因此选D。
干扰项分析：
A) They are burnt up in outer space.
它们在外太空被烧毁。
文中没有提及，故排除。
B) They are guided back to Earth.
它们被引导回地球。
选项B描述的情况是针对“猎鹰9号”的部件而言的处理方式，并非题目所指的传统航天飞行中对这些部件的处理方法，故排除。
C) They are reused up to 100 times.
它们可以被重复使用多达100次。
选项C描述的也是针对“猎鹰9号”的部件而言的处理方式，并非传统航天飞行中对这些部件的处理方法，故排除。
18. What does the passage say we already have regarding spaceflight?
这篇文章提到在航天飞行方面我们已经拥有什么（技术）？
答案：
C) Many of the technologies to limit the impact of space travel on Earth.
许多可以限制太空旅行对地球影响的技术。
解析：
文章最后提到，“But we already have many of the technologies needed to start limiting its impact on our planet.”我们已经拥有了许多必要的技术，可用于开始限制太空旅行对地球的影响。因此选C。
干扰项分析：
A) New technologies for bringing back space vehicles for recycling.
带回太空飞行器用于回收利用的新技术。
文中没有提及，故排除。
B) The technology for meeting the needs of commercial space travel.
满足商业太空旅行需求的技术。
文中没有提及，故排除。
D) The technology for effectively protecting ozone from being destroyed.
有效保护臭氧层免遭破坏的技术。
文中没有提及，故排除。
【参考译文】
发射阶段通常是任何太空任务中对环境危害最大的阶段，大量燃料在几分钟内就会燃烧殆尽。例如，太空探索技术公司的“猎鹰9号”火箭消耗112吨精炼燃料，排放约336吨二氧化碳。这相当于一辆普通汽车绕地球行驶近70次所产生的排放量。除了温室气体之外，火箭发动机还会排放破坏臭氧层的微粒。随着商业太空飞行的出现，这些问题正变得越来越紧迫。2020年有114次太空发射，但未来每年可能多达1000次。
可持续燃料是实现更环保的太空旅行的首要任务。目前的航天器使用多种燃料，但大多数都基于化石燃料。一种潜在的更环保选择是液态氢和氧。氢可以通过使用太阳能将水分解为氧和氢来可持续地获取。
可重复使用的火箭可以减少与太空飞行相关的一些浪费。传统上，助推器、燃料箱和其他部件都被视为消耗品。但以可控方式将它们引导回地球开辟了新的可能性——“猎鹰9号”的大部分部件可以重复使用多达100次。
真正环保的太空旅行还有一段路要走。但我们已经拥有了许多必要的技术，可以开始限制它对地球的影响。
