📖 原文
(1) It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an (2) education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is (3) important. (4) (5) Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education (6) knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, (7) whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place (8) in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can (9) range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a (10) child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, (11) education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may (12) lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in (13) education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a (14) lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should (15) be an integral part of one's entire life. (16) Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern (17) varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school (18) at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar (19) textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be (20) learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of (21) government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. (22) For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their (23) classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest (24) filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the (25) formalized process of schooling.
❓ 试题解析
问题 1： What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” (lines 2-3)?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.
B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.
C. Summer school makes the school year too long.
D. All of life is an education.
✅ 正确答案： D）All of life is an education.
📝 解析： 作者认为教育是终身的、无处不在的，而上学只是教育的一部分，甚至可能“打断”更广泛的教育过程。
💡 解题技巧： 推理题结合后文对 education 的 broad definition。
问题 2： The word “bounds” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
A. rules
B. experiences
C. limits
D. exceptions
✅ 正确答案： C）limits
📝 解析： “Education knows no bounds” — bounds = 界限/限制。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：bounds = limits = boundaries。
问题 3： The word “chance” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
A. unplanned
B. unusual
C. lengthy
D. lively
✅ 正确答案： A）unplanned
📝 解析： “A chance conversation with a stranger” — chance = 偶然的/未经计划的。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：chance = accidental = unplanned。
问题 4： The word “integral” in line 14 is closest in meaning to
A. an equitable
B. a profitable
C. a pleasant
D. an essential
✅ 正确答案： D）an essential
📝 解析： “an integral part of one's entire life” — integral = 必不可少的/基本的。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：integral = essential = fundamental。
问题 5： The word “they” in line 19 refers to
A. slices of reality
B. similar textbooks
C. boundaries
D. seats
✅ 正确答案： A）slices of reality
📝 解析： “The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or...” — they 指 slices of reality。
💡 解题技巧： 代词题找前一个名词短语（slices of reality）。
问题 6： The phrase “For example,” line 22, introduces a sentence that gives examples of
A. similar textbooks
B. the results of schooling
C. the workings of a government
D. the boundaries of classroom subjects
✅ 正确答案： D）the boundaries of classroom subjects
📝 解析： 前文说学习内容被 subject boundaries 限制，例子说明学生在课堂上学不到社区政治问题或最新电影实验。
💡 解题技巧： 例证题看例子前的论点句（limited by the boundaries of the subject）。
问题 7： The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.
B. Education systems need to be radically reformed.
C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated.
D. Education involves many years of professional training.
✅ 正确答案： C）Going to school is only part of how people become educated.
📝 解析： 文章强调教育是终身的、无处不在的，上学只是其中一部分。
💡 解题技巧： 推理题结合教育定义的广度。
问题 8： The passage is organized by
A. listing and discussing several educational problems
B. contrasting the meanings of two related words
C. narrating a story about excellent teachers
D. giving examples of different kinds of schools
✅ 正确答案： B）contrasting the meanings of two related words
📝 解析： 文章对比 education（教育）和 schooling（学校教育）两个相关词汇的含义。
💡 解题技巧： 组织结构题看对比结构（whereas, on the other hand）。
🌐 中文翻译
在美国，人们普遍认为学校是人们接受教育的地方。然而，有人说今天孩子们是中断了他们的教育去上学。这句话所暗示的教育与学校教育之间的区别很重要。 教育比学校教育要 open-ended 和 all-inclusive 得多。教育没有 bounds。它可以发生在任何地方，无论是在淋浴时还是在工作中，无论是在厨房里还是在 tractor 上。它包括学校中发生的正式学习，也包括整个非正式学习的 universe。教育者可以从受人尊敬的祖父母到在收音机上辩论政治的人，从孩子到杰出的科学家。然而，学校教育有一定的可预测性，教育则经常产生让人惊喜的事情。与陌生人的一次偶然谈话可能使一个人发现自己对其他宗教知之甚少。人们从婴儿时期就开始 engaged in 教育。因此，教育是一个非常 broad、包容的术语。这是一个终生的过程，一个早在开始上学之前很久就开始了的过程，也是一个应该成为一个人 whole life 中 integral 部分的过程。 另一方面，学校教育是一个特定的、形式化的过程，其 general pattern 从一个环境到另一个环境变化很小。在整个国家，孩子们大约在同一时间到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由成年人授课，使用相似的教科书，做家庭作业，参加考试，等等。需要学习的现实片段，无论是字母表还是对政府运作的理解，通常都受到所教 subject 的 boundaries 的限制。例如，高中生知道他们不太可能在课堂上了解社区政治问题的真相或最新电影制作人在实验什么。学校教育的正规化过程周围有 definite 的条件。
🏷️ 标签：#托福阅读 #真题解析 #备考资料
