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浙江1月首考 阅读理解CD篇 真题14篇汇总 学生版
目录
阅读理解 第一篇（2026年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第二篇（2026年浙江1月卷 D篇）
阅读理解 第三篇（2025年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第四篇（2025年浙江1月卷 D篇）
阅读理解 第五篇（2024年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第六篇（2024年浙江1月卷 D篇）
阅读理解 第七篇（2023年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第八篇（2023年浙江1月卷 D篇）
阅读理解 第九篇（2021年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第十篇（2020年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第十一篇（2019年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第十二篇（2018年浙江11月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第十三篇（2017年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第十四篇（2016年浙江10月卷 C篇）
阅读理解 第一篇（2026年浙江1月卷 C篇）
Humanbeingshavealwayslovedreviews:wordofmouthhaslongbeenregardedasone ofthemostvaluablemarketingtoolsavailabletoacompany.Consumersenjoyreadingand givingreviews.However,theproblemisthatalotofthereviewsarefake (假的).Shabnam AzimiandAlexanderKrasnikovofLoyolaUniversityofChicagoandKwongChanof NortheasternUniversityrecentlypublishedastudyonfakereviews.
Thestudyusedadata setof1
600reviewsofChicagohotels.Someofthemwerereal; otherswerefake.Thereviewswerepresentedto400subjects.Eachsubjectgoteightreviews toread:abalancedsetoftwopositivefake,twopositivereal,twonegativefakeandtwo negativereal,presentedinarandomorder.Thereviewswerewrittenbyrealpeoplewhowere giveninformationaboutthehotel.
Theresultsshowthatconsumersgenerallytrustnegativereviewsmorethanpositive ones.Moreover,wehumanstendtoassumethatpositivereviewsmightbefake.“Overall, negativereviewsarelesscommon.So,wepaymoreattentiontothem.Whenanegativereview isfake,wegettricked,”Azimisays.
Whenitcametofakingareview,lengthwasimportanttobelievability,aswasdetail.A long,negativereviewofahotel,completewithlotsofinformation,tendedtoconvince participants.Alengthy,positivereview,ontheotherhand,wasregardedassuspicious,and participantstendedtotrustwritersthatkepttheirglowingreviewsshort.Emotionwasalso importantinconvincingreaders —orthelackofemotion,atleast.Azimisaysstudyparticipants tendednottotrustreviewswherethewritersexpressedtheirfeelingsinabigway.Themore dispassionatethatnegativewrite-up,themorelikelyitwastotakethereaderin.
ThefakereviewswrittenforAzimi’sstudywereputtogetherbyhumans,butincreasingly, fakereviewsarebeingwrittenbyAI,whichmakesthemlookmorereal.Thoughmany companiesusealgorithms (算法)toweedoutfakereviews,Azimipointsoutthatthemachines areprogrammedbyhumans,andgivenourlimitedabilitytospotfakereviews,thisisn’ta goodsign.
8. Whichaspectofthestudydoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?
A. Itsdesign.B. Itsfindings.C. Itspurposes.D. Itssignificance.
9. Whatdoestheunderlinedword “glowing”inparagraph4mean?
A. Funny.B. Abusive.C. Insightful.D. Praising.
10. Whatkindofreviewwouldreadersmostlikelytrust?
A. Along,positiveone.B. Anunemotional,negativeone.
C. Ashort,negativeone.D. Anenthusiastic,positiveone.
11. Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A. Manycompaniesareproducingfakereviews.B. Writingfakereviewswillbedeclaredillegal.
C. Machinescandetectfakereviewsaccurately.D. Itwillbehardertorecognizefakereviews.
阅读理解 第二篇（2026年浙江1月卷 D篇）
Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage.
To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants.
In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly.
The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs.
“Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.”
12. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve?
A. Keeping more carbon in plants.B. Optimizing the use of energy.
C. Enhancing biological diversity.D. Reducing carbon absorption.
13. Why did Pereira create SLEAP?
A. To generate plant images.B. To conduct research on animals.
C. To study climate patterns.D. To track features of root growth.
14. What will SLEAP help the scientists do?
A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest.B. Collect samples of plant root systems.
C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots.D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants.
15. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words?
A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance.
B. Computer programming is a must for scientists.
C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity.
D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research.
阅读理解 第三篇（2025年浙江1月卷 C篇）
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running out of.B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with.D. Taking advantage of.
29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced?
A. To control weeds in large gardens.B. To bring in foreign species of plants.
C. To conserve soil and water resources.D. To develop low-maintenance parkland.
30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens?
A. Traditional.B. Odd-looking.
C. Tasteful.D. Well-protected.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The future of gardening is WILD.B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C. Matrix gardens need more CARE.D. Old garden plots work WONDERS.
阅读理解 第四篇（2025年浙江1月卷 D篇）
As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.
Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining，however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless?
A. To reduce stereotypes.B. To meet public demand.
C. To cut production costs.D. To encourage competition.
33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study?
A. Design a product.B. Respond to a survey.
C. Work as assistants.D. Take a language test.
34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects?
A. They cannot be mass-produced.B. Naming them is a challenging task.
C. People assume they are unreliable.D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The quality of genderless products.B. The upside of gendering a product.
C. The meaning of anthropomorphism.D. The stereotypes of men and women.
阅读理解 第五篇（2024年浙江1月卷 C篇）
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’ southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurancecompanies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies, Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
28. What does the project aim to do?
A. Conserve moisture in the soil.B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
29. Who are opposed to the project?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials.D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton,
30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
阅读理解 第六篇（2024年浙江1月卷 D篇）
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets - all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value - a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examination alone.B. Show respect for the researchers.
C. Share their treats with others.D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
34. What does the author suggest readers do?
A. Absorb new information readily.B. Be selective information consumers.
C. Use diverse information sources.D. Protect the information environment.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Eat Less, Read MoreB. The Biter Truth about Early Humans
C. The Later, the BetterD. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
阅读理解 第七篇（2023年浙江1月卷 C篇）
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the use of a software program.
B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments.B. Doubts.C. Errors.D. Differences.
30. What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A. Create rules.B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently.D. Identify difficult words.
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
阅读理解 第八篇（2023年浙江1月卷 D篇）
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What do solar developers often ignore?
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To conserve pollinators.B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy.D. To ensure the supply of energy.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to StayB. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD. Solar Farms: A New Development
阅读理解 第九篇（2021年浙江1月卷 C篇）
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
7. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A. Memorizing specific words.B. Understanding complex information.
C. Using voices to communicate.D. Communicating messages on purpose.
8. What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
9. What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
阅读理解 第十篇（2020年浙江1月卷 C篇）
Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence （毅力）, characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence -- which can be taught -- are key to a child’s life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy（自主权）.
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.
27. What is special about the BYU professors’ study?
A. It centered on fathers’ role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids’ achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A. Single parents. B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers. D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance
阅读理解 第十一篇（2019年浙江1月卷 C篇）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area or species was spared, from the central valley to the Sierra Nevada to the Coast Range. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1930s and the present, McIntyre and his colleagues found that climate change accounted for nearly half of the trees lost. The climate change-related drought (干旱) is making trees more vulnerable to fire, insects, and other factors that kill trees. The number of trees has declined steadily over the past few decades, but the number of large trees has been declining even more rapidly. In some forest areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, trees are dying from drought, insects, and fire. McIntyre said, “Climate change is making conditions worse for the large trees that are the biggest survivors in the forest.”
The study findings show that there is a widespread problem of large-tree decline across the state. Big trees are important to the health of the forest. For example, they store carbon in their bodies. Carbon is a key part of the air we breathe. Large trees face threats from other sources, too. Until the 1930s, no one cut the big trees, saving them for a future use. But once logging (伐木) began, big trees were a prime target, as they were the most valuable. Later, housing development pushed into the forests. With fewer large trees left, smaller trees grew up to take their place. The smaller trees are much more likely to die during a drought or fire.
People protecting the forests need to focus on preserving the large trees, McIntyre said. He said logging should be carried out in a way that doesn’t damage the forests, and housing development should be less aggressive. He also called for more aggressive wildfire control to stop the loss of large trees.
28.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
29.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.
30.What is a major cause of the big-tree decline according to McIntyre?
A. Air pollution.B. Drought.
C. Human activities.D. Insects.
31.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
阅读理解 第十二篇（2018年浙江11月卷 C篇）
I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: "Moby Dick" on a three-day cross-country train trip: "The Magic Mountain" in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting "The Man Without Qualities" on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes (册), then decided that I'd got the point and went swimming instead.
But this summer I find myself at a loss. I'm not quite interested in Balzac, say, or "Tristram Shandy.” There's always "War and Peace”, which I've covered some distance several times, only to getbogged down in the "War" part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone’s name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite - once more into "The Waves" or “Justine," which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to, properly belong in serious literature.
And then there’s Stendhals "The Red and the Black," which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail (鸡尾酒)of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and Back Forty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi's theory: “I take whatever's fresh at the greenmarket and tum it into liquid." The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids…
27. What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph?
A. He has a cottage in New England.B. He shows talents for literature.
C. He enjoys reading when traveling.D. He admires a lot of great writers.
28. What do the underlined words "get bogged down" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Get confused.B. Be carried away.
C. Be interrupted.D. Make no progress.
29. Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating?
A. He finishes them quickly.B. He should read something serious.
C. He barely understands them.D. He has read them many times before.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Books of Summer.B. My Summer Holidays.
C. To Read or Not to Read.D. It's Never Too Late to read.
阅读理解 第十三篇（2017年浙江1月卷 C篇）
There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting (提炼)aluminum.
Long before most of us even noticed what we now call “the environment,” Buckminster Fuller said, “Pollution is nothing but the resources(资源)we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.” To take one example, let’s compare the throwaway economy(经济)with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.
Say your cat weight 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weighs 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the car’s 15-year lifetime. That’s 219kg of steel-more tan a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat’s weight.
In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we’d have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime-and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat.
Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we’ve use only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we’ve also achieved the following significant savings; in energy use—47% to 74%; in air pollution—85%; in water pollution—35%; in water use—40%.
28. What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?
A.It is becoming more seriousB. It destroys the environment
C.It benefits the economyD. It is the resources yet to be used
29. How many cans will be used up in a cat’s 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?
A.50.B. 100.C. 150D. 250
30. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To promote the idea of recyclingB. To introduce an environmentalist
C.To discuss the causes of pollutionD. To defend the throwaway economy.
阅读理解 第十四篇（2016年浙江10月卷 C篇）
Digital technology - email and smart phones especially - have vastly improved workers' ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey (调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn't accept it and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.
Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced (加深)by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework，and 28 percent have cooked dinner.
It is true, however，that working at home makes people much more efficient (高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.
The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven't come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker.
More broadly the Wake field survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.
28. Why do some employershesitate to allow remote working?
A. They fear losing control of their workers.B. They want to stick to their routine practice.
C. They have little trust in modem technology.D. They are used to face-to-face communication.
29- What seems to be most workers’ attitude toward remote working?
A. Doubtful B.FavorableC. Reserved D. Disapproving.
30. What does the author suggest smart firms do?
A. Shorten their office hours.B. Give employees a pay raise.
C. Adopt flexible work patterns.D. Reduce their staff’s workload.
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