📖 原文
(1) The ice sheet that blanketed much of North America during the last glaciation was in (2) the areas of maximum accumulation more than a mile thick. Everywhere the glacier lay, (3) its work is evident today. Valleys were scooped out and rounded by the moving ice; (4) peaks were scraped clean. Huge quantities of rock were torn from the northern lands (5) and carried south. Long, high east-west ridges of this eroded debris were deposited by (6) the ice at its melting southern margin. Furthermore, the weight of the huge mass of ice (7) depressed the crust of the Earth in some parts of Canada by over a thousand feet. The (8) crust is still rebounding from that depression. (9) In North America, perhaps the most conspicuous features of the postglacial landscape (10) are the Great Lakes on the border between the United States and Canada. No other large (11) freshwater body lies at such favorable latitudes. The history of the making of these (12) lakes is long and complex. (13) As the continental ice sheet pushed down from its primary centers of accumulation in (14) Canada, it moved forward in lobes of ice that followed the existing lowlands. Before (15) the coming of the ice, the basins of the present Great Lakes were simply the lowest-lying (16) regions of a gently undulating plain. The moving tongues of ice scoured and (17) deepened these lowlands as the glacier made its way toward its eventual terminus near (18) the present Ohio and Missouri rivers. (19) About 16,000 years ago the ice sheet stood for a long time with its edge just to the (20) south of the present Great Lakes. Erosional debris carried by the moving ice was (21) dumped at the melting southern edge of the glacier and built up long ridges called (22) terminal moraines. When the ice began to melt back from this position about 14,000 (23) years ago, meltwater collected behind the dams formed by the moraines. The crust (24) behind the moraines was still depressed from the weight of the ice it had borne, and this (25) too helped create the Great Lakes. The first of these lakes drained southward across (26) Illinois and Indiana, along the channels of the present Illinois and Wabash rivers.
❓ 试题解析
问题 35： With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
A. The formation of the Great Lakes
B. How geographical structures develop
C. Damage done by the last ice age
D. How the last ice age developed
✅ 正确答案： A）The formation of the Great Lakes
📝 解析： 全文讨论冰川活动如何塑造地形，重点在五大湖的形成过程。
💡 解题技巧： 主旨题看首段引入冰川作用，后段聚焦五大湖形成。
问题 36： The glaciers discussed in this passage traveled
A. north to south
B. south to north
C. east to west
D. west to east
✅ 正确答案： A）north to south
📝 解析： “ice sheet pushed down from its primary centers of accumulation in Canada” — 从加拿大向南推进。
💡 解题技巧： 推理题定位方向词（pushed down from Canada）。
问题 37： The word “its” in line 6 refers to
A. margin
B. ice
C. rock
D. valley
✅ 正确答案： B）ice
📝 解析： “deposited by the ice at its melting southern margin” — its 指 ice。
💡 解题技巧： 代词题找前一个名词（ice）。
问题 38： According to the passage, the weight of the ice had its greatest direct effect upon the continent's
A. crust
B. plain
C. rivers
D. peaks
✅ 正确答案： A）crust
📝 解析： “the weight of the huge mass of ice depressed the crust of the Earth” — 直接作用于地壳。
💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位“depressed the crust”。
问题 39： In line 11, the word “lies” could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. reclines
B. is located
C. originates
D. expands
✅ 正确答案： B）is located
📝） 解析： “No other large freshwater body lies at such favorable latitudes” — lies = 位于。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：lie = be located = be situated。
问题 40： According to the passage, at the time of glacial movement the basins of the present Great Lakes were
A. low-lying
B. small
C. hilly
D. flat
✅ 正确答案： A）low-lying
📝 解析： “the basins of the present Great Lakes were simply the lowest-lying regions of a gently undulating plain” — 低洼地区。
💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位“lowest-lying”。
🌐 中文翻译
在上一次冰期覆盖北美大部分地区的冰盖，在最大 accumulation 区域厚度超过一英里。冰川所到之处，其作用在今天依然 evident。山谷被移动的冰 scoop out 和 rounded；山峰被刮 clean。大量的岩石从北部土地 torn 出来并被携带向南。这些侵蚀 debris 形成的高长的东西向 ridges 由冰在其 melting 的南部边缘沉积。此外，巨大冰体的重量使加拿大某些地区的地壳下沉了超过一千英尺。地壳仍在从那个下沉中 rebound。 在北美，冰期后地貌中最显著的 features 也许就是美国和加拿大边境上的五大湖。没有其他大型淡水体位于如此有利的 latitudes。这些湖泊的形成历史漫长而复杂。 当大陆冰盖从其加拿大的主要 accumulation 中心向南推进时，它以 lobes of ice 的形式移动，沿着现有的 lowlands 前进。在冰到来之前，现在五大湖的 basins 只是一个 gently undulating 平原上最低洼的地区。移动的冰舌 scour 和 deepened 这些低洼地区，冰川向最终 terminus——靠近现在的俄亥俄河和密苏里河——前进。 大约16000年前，冰盖长期停留，其边缘正好在现在五大湖的南部。移动的 ice 携带的 erosional debris 被 dump 在冰川 melting 的南部边缘，并 built up 称为 terminal moraines 的长 ridges。大约14000年前，当冰开始从这个位置融化 back 时，融化水汇集在 moraines 形成的水坝后面。moraines 后面的地壳由于承受的冰的重量仍然下沉，这也帮助形成了五大湖。这些湖泊中的第一个向南 drainage，穿过伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州，沿着现在的伊利诺伊河和沃巴什河的河道。
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