以下语法点均来自2020-2025年四六级真题(听力脚本、阅读理解、完形填空),按考察频率排序,每个考点含讲解、2-3个真题例句(标注出处)及1个China Daily例句,适配大学生四六级备考,兼顾理解与应用。【四六级差异说明】四级侧重基础识别与简单应用,六级侧重深度理解与逻辑拆解,以下各考点均标注专属差异。
一、时态与语态(5个,四六级必考点,听力/阅读高频)
1. 现在完成时(Present Perfect)
讲解:动作发生在过去,对现在有影响/结果;常与 since, for, already, yet, recently, in the past few years 连用,是四六级阅读细节题、听力长对话高频考点。【四六级差异】四级侧重简单时间标志词(already, yet)的识别,题干与原文对应度高;六级侧重结合上下文判断动作影响,常与复杂语境(如科技、社会话题)结合,偶考时态辨析。
真题例句:
1. Over the past decade, the number of international students in China has increased significantly.(2024年6月 四级阅读)
2. I have already finished my assignment, so I can go out with you this afternoon.(2023年6月 四级听力脚本)
3. She has lived in this city for five years and knows every corner of it.(2025年6月 六级完形)
China Daily例句:China has made remarkable progress in poverty alleviation over the past 40 years.(2025-03-10)
2. 过去完成时(Past Perfect)
讲解:表示“过去的过去”,即过去某一动作/时间之前已完成;常与 by, before, when, after 引导的过去时间状语连用,完形填空、听力短文常设题。【四六级差异】四级仅考基础时间标志词(by, before)引导的简单句式,句意直白;六级常结合多动作时序(如嵌套从句),需拆解动作先后逻辑,难度更高。
真题例句:
1. By the time the rescue team arrived, the fire had been put out.(2023年12月 六级完形)
2. He told me that he had seen the movie twice before he came to college.(2022年12月 四级听力脚本)
3. When I got to the station, the train had already left.(2024年12月 四级阅读)
China Daily例句:Before the reform and opening-up, China had experienced decades of economic difficulties.(2024-09-05)
3. 现在完成进行时(Present Perfect Continuous)
讲解:强调动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,且可能仍在进行;常与 for, since, all day, recently 连用,听力长对话、阅读推理题高频。【四六级差异】四级侧重动作“持续”的直观判断,多结合日常场景;六级侧重动作持续带来的“结果/影响”,常出现在推理题中,需结合语境分析。
真题例句:
1. Researchers have been studying the effects of climate change on marine life for years.(2025年6月 四级听力)
2. My brother has been working in this company since he graduated from university.(2024年6月 六级阅读)
3. We have been waiting for you for nearly an hour. Where have you been?(2023年6月 四级听力脚本)
China Daily例句:Scientists have been monitoring air quality in major cities since the launch of the environmental campaign.(2025-01-15)
4. 一般将来时(Will/Be going to)
讲解:表示将来的动作/状态;will 表临时决定/预测,be going to 表计划/迹象,听力短对话、阅读细节题常考,写作也可用于表预测。【四六级差异】四级侧重两者基础用法区分(计划vs临时决定),句式简单;六级常结合同义替换设题(如will对应be going to),且在翻译、写作中要求更精准的语境匹配。
真题例句:
1. A new policy will be implemented to promote renewable energy next year.(2024年12月 六级翻译)
2. I am going to attend a lecture on artificial intelligence this weekend.(2023年12月 四级听力脚本)
3. The weather forecast says it will rain tomorrow, so we have to cancel the picnic.(2022年6月 四级阅读)
China Daily例句:The government is going to launch a new initiative to boost digital economy.(2025-02-20)
5. 被动语态(Passive Voice)
讲解:be + 过去分词,强调动作的承受者;科技、社会、政策类文本高频,四六级阅读、听力、完形均常出现,需注意不同时态的被动形式。【四六级差异】四级仅考基础时态的被动(一般现在、一般过去),多为简单句;六级侧重复杂时态被动(现在完成、将来进行),常出现在多重复合句中,且结合科技类难词考查。
真题例句:
1. The problem has been discussed at the meeting for several times.(2023年6月 四级完形)
2. The letter was sent to the wrong address by mistake.(2024年6月 四级听力脚本)
3. These books will be donated to the rural schools next month.(2025年6月 六级阅读)
China Daily例句:The new law will be enforced nationwide starting from next month.(2024-11-08)

二、非谓语动词(4个,完形/阅读高频,写作提分关键)
6. 不定式(To do)
讲解:表目的、将来、结果;作主语/宾语/定语/状语;固定搭配:decide to do, promise to do, be likely to do,四六级完形填空常考搭配,写作可用于表目的。【四六级差异】四级侧重固定搭配的记忆与简单应用(如decide to do);六级侧重不定式作状语的逻辑关系(目的、结果),且常与复杂句式嵌套,需区分不定式与其他非谓语的用法。
真题例句:
1. The government has taken measures to reduce air pollution in urban areas.(2024年6月 六级阅读)
2. She decided to major in English because she likes reading English novels.(2023年12月 四级完形)
3. It is likely to rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella with you.(2022年12月 四级听力脚本)
China Daily例句:More efforts are needed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.(2025-04-01)
7. 动名词(V-ing)
讲解:表动作、习惯、抽象概念;作主语/宾语/表语;介词后必用动名词,四六级完形、阅读常考介词后动名词搭配,写作可用于开头表习惯。【四六级差异】四级侧重介词后动名词的基础搭配(如be good at doing);六级侧重动名词作主语的复杂句式,且常结合熟词僻义的介词考查,难度提升。
真题例句:
1. Reading extensively can broaden your horizons and enrich your knowledge.(2023年12月 四级写作)
2. He is good at playing the piano and often performs at school events.(2024年6月 四级完形)
3. After finishing his homework, he went out to play basketball.(2025年6月 六级阅读)
China Daily例句:Protecting biodiversity is crucial for sustainable development.(2024-10-12)
8. 现在分词(V-ing)
讲解:表主动、进行;作定语/状语/补语;逻辑主语与句子主语一致,四六级阅读长难句、完形填空常考状语用法,需注意逻辑关系。【四六级差异】四级侧重现在分词作定语(后置定语),句意简单;六级侧重作状语(伴随、原因),常出现在长难句中,需快速判断逻辑主语与句子主语的一致性,避免误判。
真题例句:
1. Walking along the street, he noticed a strange-looking building.(2025年6月 六级完形)
2. The girl sitting by the window is my classmate who comes from Shanghai.(2024年12月 四级阅读)
3. We saw a group of children playing happily in the park.(2023年6月 四级听力脚本)
China Daily例句:Facing challenges, the country has maintained steady economic growth.(2025-03-25)
9. 过去分词(V-ed)
讲解:表被动、完成;作定语/状语/补语;逻辑主语为动作承受者,四六级阅读长难句、完形填空高频,需区分与现在分词的用法差异。【四六级差异】四级侧重过去分词作定语(被动含义),易识别;六级侧重作状语(被动、完成),常与现在分词辨析,且多嵌套在长难句中,需结合语境判断动作关系。
真题例句:
1. Influenced by Western culture, many young people prefer fast food.(2024年12月 四级阅读)
2. The book written by this famous author has been translated into many languages.(2023年6月 六级完形)
3. He found the door locked when he came back home last night.(2022年12月 四级听力脚本)
China Daily例句:Affected by the pandemic, the tourism industry suffered huge losses.(2024-08-15)

三、从句(6个,四六级核心难点,长难句必考点)
10. 定语从句(限制性/非限制性)
讲解:修饰名词/代词;that/which/who/whom/whose/where/when;非限制性从句用逗号+which,不可用that,四六级阅读长难句、完形填空高频,需能拆分句子结构。【四六级差异】四级侧重限制性定语从句,引导词以that/which/who为主,句式简单;六级侧重非限制性定语从句,常嵌套多重复合句(如定语从句+状语从句),需快速拆解主干,且常考引导词辨析(which与that)。
真题例句:
1. The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(2023年6月 四级完形)
2. The student who got the first prize in the exam is my deskmate.(2024年6月 四级阅读)
3. We visited the city where my grandparents lived when they were young.(2025年6月 六级听力脚本)
China Daily例句:The Yangtze River, which is the longest in China, plays a vital role in economic development.(2025-01-20)
11. 主语从句
讲解:从句作主语;常用引导词:that, whether, what, who, how;It + be + adj./n. + that从句,四六级阅读长难句、语法填空常考,需注意语序。【四六级差异】四级侧重It作形式主语的简单句式(如It is important that...);六级侧重what/whether引导的主语从句,常与其他从句嵌套,需注意语序和逻辑关系,语法填空设题更难。
真题例句:
1. That he failed the exam surprised all his classmates.(2024年6月 六级语法填空)
2. What we need most now is enough time to prepare for the exam.(2023年12月 四级阅读)
3. It is important that we should protect the environment.(2022年6月 六级完形)
China Daily例句:It is obvious that technology is changing the way we live and work.(2024-12-05)
12. 宾语从句
讲解:从句作宾语;语序为陈述语序;引导词:that, what, whether, if, how;动词后常用:think, believe, suggest, insist,四六级听力、阅读、完形均常考。【四六级差异】四级侧重that/whether引导的简单宾语从句,语序易判断;六级侧重suggest/insist等词后的宾语从句(虚拟语气),且常考语序易错点(如whether与if的区别),听力中常通过同义替换设题。
真题例句:
1. I believe that hard work will eventually pay off.(2023年12月 四级写作)
2. She asked me whether I had seen her keys somewhere.(2024年12月 四级听力脚本)
3. The teacher suggested that we should review the key points before the exam.(2025年6月 六级完形)
China Daily例句:Experts predict that the global economy will recover gradually.(2025-02-10)
13. 表语从句
讲解:从句作表语;位于系动词后;引导词:that, what, whether, how,四六级阅读长难句、完形填空偶考,需注意与宾语从句的区分。【四六级差异】四级偶考that引导的简单表语从句,多结合固定句式(The reason is that...);六级侧重what/how引导的表语从句,常与主语从句、定语从句嵌套,需精准区分从句成分。
真题例句:
1. The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(2024年12月 六级完形)
2. My dream is that I can become a doctor to help those in need.(2023年6月 四级写作)
3. What matters most is how we face the difficulties in our life.(2022年12月 六级阅读)
China Daily例句:The key to success is that you never give up in the face of difficulties.(2024-11-20)
14. 同位语从句
讲解:解释说明抽象名词(fact, idea, news, belief, doubt);引导词that不充当成分,不可省略,四六级阅读长难句、语法填空常考,需区分与定语从句。【四六级差异】四级基本不单独设题,仅作为长难句的一部分出现;六级常考同位语从句与定语从句的辨析,且多结合抽象名词(如doubt, belief)在语法填空、阅读中设题,是六级难点。
真题例句:
1. The news that our team won the game excited everyone.(2023年6月 四级阅读)
2. I have a strong belief that we will achieve our goals with hard work.(2024年6月 六级完形)
3. There is no doubt that he is the best candidate for this position.(2025年6月 四级听力脚本)
China Daily例句:There is no doubt that education is the foundation of national development.(2025-03-05)
15. 状语从句(时间/条件/原因/让步/结果)
讲解:修饰动词/形容词/副词;表时间、条件、原因、让步、结果等逻辑关系,引导词多样(when, if, because, although, so...that),四六级听力、阅读、完形均高频。【四六级差异】四级侧重基础引导词(when, if, because),句式简单,逻辑直观;六级侧重让步、结果状语从句(although, so...that),常与多重复合句嵌套,且听力中语速更快,需快速捕捉逻辑关系。
真题例句:
1. Although he is young, he has rich experience in this field.(2024年6月 四级完形)
2. When I was a child, my mother often told me stories before I went to bed.(2023年12月 四级听力脚本)
3. He studied so hard that he passed the exam easily.(2022年6月 六级阅读)
China Daily例句:If we take action now, we can prevent further environmental damage.(2024-10-25)

四、虚拟语气(3个,四六级难点,完形/语法填空常考)
16. If引导的虚拟条件句
讲解:与现在/过去/将来事实相反;主句+从句时态固定搭配(现在:从句were/动词过去式,主句would do;过去:从句had done,主句would have done),完形、语法填空高频。【四六级差异】四级仅考基础时态搭配(与现在/过去相反),题干提示明显;六级侧重与将来相反的虚拟,且常结合复杂语境(如政策、危机),时态搭配易混淆,语法填空设题难度高。
真题例句:
1. If I were you, I would accept the offer.(2023年12月 六级语法填空)
2. If he had studied harder, he would have passed the CET-6 exam.(2024年6月 四级完形)
3. If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the outdoor activity.(2022年12月 六级阅读)
China Daily例句:If the government had taken earlier measures, the crisis could have been avoided.(2024-09-15)
17. 建议/命令/要求类虚拟语气
讲解:suggest, insist, demand, require, order 后宾语从句用(should) + 动词原形,should可省略,四六级完形、语法填空常考,需牢记高频动词。【四六级差异】四级侧重基础动词(suggest, order),题干明确,易判断;六级侧重insist/demand等词的多重含义(如insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟),需结合语境判断是否用虚拟语气,易失分。
真题例句:
1. The doctor suggested that he (should) take more exercise.(2024年6月 四级完形)
2. The teacher ordered that all students (should) hand in their homework on time.(2023年12月 六级语法填空)
3. They demanded that the company (should) improve the working conditions.(2025年6月 四级阅读)
China Daily例句:Experts demand that the government (should) strengthen environmental protection.(2025-01-30)
18. 特殊结构虚拟语气
讲解:It is necessary/important/strange that... 从句用(should) + 动词原形,should可省略,四六级语法填空、完形偶考,需牢记固定句型。【四六级差异】四级偶考基础句型(It is important that...),仅考虚拟语气的基本用法;六级侧重特殊形容词(如strange, vital)的搭配,且常与其他语法(如主语从句)结合,语法填空设题更灵活。
真题例句:
1. It is essential that everyone (should) obey the rules.(2023年6月 六级阅读)
2. It is important that we (should) master the basic grammar knowledge.(2024年12月 四级完形)
3. It is strange that he (should) refuse such a good offer.(2022年6月 六级语法填空)
China Daily例句:It is vital that we (should) protect cultural heritage.(2024-12-15)

五、特殊句式(4个,四六级高频,听力/阅读易失分点)
19. 倒装句(部分/全部)
讲解:否定词(never, seldom, rarely, hardly)、only+状语、so/such...that 置于句首时,部分倒装;here/there/now/then 置于句首时,全部倒装,听力、阅读长难句常考。【四六级差异】四级侧重only+状语、否定词引导的部分倒装,句式简单;六级侧重so/such...that引导的倒装,且常与长难句结合,听力中需快速识别倒装句式,避免误判句意。
真题例句:
1. Never have I seen such a beautiful scenery.(2024年12月 六级写作)
2. Only by working hard can we achieve our dreams.(2023年6月 四级阅读)
3. So tired was he that he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.(2025年6月 六级完形)
China Daily例句:Only by working together can we overcome the challenges.(2025-02-25)
20. 强调句(It is/was...that/who...)
讲解:强调主语/宾语/状语;被强调部分为人时用who,其余用that;去掉It is/was...that/who后句子仍完整,四六级阅读、听力、写作均可用,易与定语从句混淆。【四六级差异】四级侧重强调状语(时间、地点),句式简单,易识别;六级侧重强调复杂成分(如宾语从句、介词短语),常与定语从句混淆,阅读中需通过“去掉强调结构仍完整”判断。
真题例句:
1. It was not until midnight that he finished his work.(2023年12月 四级阅读)
2. It is my mother who has always supported me in my study.(2024年6月 四级写作)
3. It was in this room that we had our first meeting.(2022年12月 六级完形)
China Daily例句:It is the spirit of innovation that drives social progress.(2024-11-30)
21. 独立主格结构
讲解:名词/代词 + 非谓语/形容词/副词/介词短语,逻辑主语与主句主语不同;表伴随、原因、条件,四六级完形、阅读长难句偶考,需注意与非谓语动词的区分。【四六级差异】四级基本不考,仅作为长难句的辅助成分出现;六级常考独立主格与非谓语动词的辨析,完形填空设题,是六级易失分点。
真题例句:
1. The meeting being over, we left the room.(2024年6月 六级完形)
2. His homework finished, he went to watch TV.(2023年12月 四级阅读)
3. Weather permitting, we will hold the sports meeting tomorrow.(2025年6月 四级听力脚本)
China Daily例句:Weather permitting, we will go hiking tomorrow.(2025-03-15)
22. There be句型
讲解:表“存在”;There + be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语;主谓一致遵循“就近原则”,四六级听力、阅读、写作均高频,是基础但易失分考点。【四六级差异】四级侧重基础句型,主谓一致简单(单数/复数主语),多结合日常场景;六级侧重复杂主语(如分数/百分数+名词、不定式短语),主谓一致判断难度高,且常与被动语态结合。
真题例句:
1. There are many factors contributing to the success of a project.(2023年6月 四级写作)
2. There is a big supermarket near our school.(2024年12月 四级听力脚本)
3. There has been a great change in our city over the past five years.(2025年6月 六级阅读)
China Daily例句:There is no denying that technology has greatly improved our lives.(2024-10-30)

六、其他高频语法(3个,基础但必考,贯穿全题型)
23. 情态动词(Must/Should/Could/Might)
讲解:表推测、义务、能力、许可;must have done(肯定推测过去),should have done(本该做而未做),四六级听力、完形高频,需区分不同情态动词的语气。【四六级差异】四级侧重基础语气(许可、义务),推测语气简单(must表肯定);六级侧重过去推测(must have done/should have done),且常考情态动词的委婉语气,听力中需结合语境判断语气强弱。
真题例句:
1. You should have told me the truth earlier.(2024年12月 四级完形)
2. He must have forgotten the meeting because he hasn’t arrived yet.(2023年6月 四级听力脚本)
3. Could you please help me carry this box?(2022年12月 六级阅读)
China Daily例句:We must take immediate action to address climate change.(2025-01-10)
24. 比较级与最高级
讲解:形容词/副词比较级(-er/more)、最高级(-est/most);the + 比较级...,the + 比较级... 表“越…越…”,四六级阅读、写作、听力均高频,需注意不规则变化。【四六级差异】四级侧重基础变化(-er/-est)和简单比较结构,写作中用法单一;六级侧重多音节词比较级(more/most)、不规则变化,且常考比较级的省略、倍数表达,写作中要求更精准的语境匹配。
真题例句:
1. The more you read, the more knowledge you will gain.(2023年12月 六级写作)
2. This book is more interesting than the one I read last month.(2024年6月 四级阅读)
3. She is the most hard-working student in our class.(2025年6月 四级完形)
China Daily例句:China has become one of the most powerful economies in the world.(2024-12-20)
25. 主谓一致
讲解:主语与谓语在数上保持一致;集体名词(family, team)表整体用单数,表个体用复数;分数/百分数 + 名词 谓语单复数由名词决定,四六级完形、阅读常考。【四六级差异】四级侧重简单主语(单数/复数、集体名词表整体),易判断;六级侧重复杂主语(分数/百分数+名词、集合名词表个体),且常结合长难句,需先找主语再判断谓语单复数,易出错。
真题例句:
1. The team is playing well in the match.(2024年6月 四级听力)
2. His family are all looking forward to his coming back.(2023年12月 六级完形)
3. Sixty percent of the water in this area is polluted.(2025年6月 四级阅读)
China Daily例句:Seventy percent of the students are in favor of the new policy.(2025-02-05)
