📖 原文
(1) Marianne Moore (1887-1972) once said that her writing could be called poetry only (2) because there was no other name for it. Indeed her poems appear to be extremely compressed essays that happen to be printed in jagged lines on the page. Her subjects (3) were varied: animals, laborers, artists, and the craft of poetry. From her general reading (4) came quotations that she found striking or insightful. She included these in her poems, (5) scrupulously enclosed in quotation marks, and sometimes identified in footnotes. Of this (6) practice, she wrote, "Why the many quotation marks?' I am asked... When a thing has (7) been said so well that it could not be said better, why paraphrase it? Hence my writing (8) is, if not a cabinet of fossils, a kind of collection of flies in amber. Close observation (9) and concentration on detail are the methods of her poetry. (10) Marianne Moore grew up in Kirkwood, Missouri, near St. Louis. After graduation (11) from Bryn Mawr College in 1909, she taught commercial subjects at the Indian School (12) in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Later she became a librarian in New York City. During the (13) 1920's she was editor of The Dial, an important literary magazine of the period. She (14) lived quietly all her life, mostly in Brooklyn, New York. She spent a lot of time at the (15) Bronx Zoo, fascinated by animals. Her admiration of the Brooklyn Dodgers - before the (16) team moved to Los Angeles - was widely known. (17) Her first book of poems was published in London in 1921 by a group of friends (18) associated with the Imagist movement. From that time on her poetry has been read with (19) interest by succeeding generations of poets and readers. In 1952 she was awarded the (20) Pulitzer Prize for her Collected Poems. She wrote that she did not write poetry "for (21) money or fame. To earn a living is needful, but it can be done in routine ways. One (22) writes because one has a burning desire to objectify what it is indispensable to one's happiness to express..."
❓ 试题解析
问题 13： What is the passage mainly about?
A. The influence of the Imagists on Marianne Moore
B. Essayists and poets of the 1920's
C. The use of quotations in poetry
D. Marianne Moore's life and work
✅ 正确答案： D）Marianne Moore's life and work
📝 解析： 全文介绍玛丽安·摩尔的诗歌特点、引用手法、生平经历、职业和获奖情况。
💡 解题技巧： 主旨题看全文覆盖：诗歌风格 + 生平 + 职业 + 创作动机。
问题 14： Which of the following can be inferred about Moore's poems?
A. They are better known in Europe than in the United States.
B. They do not use traditional verse forms.
C. They were all published in The Dial.
D. They tend to be abstract.
✅ 正确答案： B）They do not use traditional verse forms.
📝 解析： 她的诗像压缩的散文，印在页面上呈现锯齿状的行，说明不采用传统诗歌形式。
💡 解题技巧： 推理题结合描述（compressed essays, jagged lines）。
问题 15： According to the passage Moore wrote about all of the following EXCEPT
A. artists
B. animals
C. fossils
D. workers
✅ 正确答案： C）fossils
📝 解析： 文中提到 subjects: animals, laborers, artists, and the craft of poetry — 未提到 fossils。cabinet of fossils 是比喻，不是写作主题。
💡 解题技巧： "EXCEPT"题区分字面主题与比喻。
问题 16： What does Moore refer to as "flies in amber" (line 9)?
A. A common image in her poetry
B. Poetry in the twentieth-century
C. Concentration on detail
D. Quotations within her poetry
✅ 正确答案： D）Quotations within her poetry
📝 解析： 前文讨论她在诗中引用他人精妙的语句，并加了引号，她将此比作"flies in amber"（琥珀中的苍蝇）。
💡 解题技巧： 指代题结合上下文比喻的所指。
问题 17： The author mentions all of the following as jobs held by Moore EXCEPT
A. commercial artist
B. teacher
C. magazine editor
D. librarian
✅ 正确答案： A）commercial artist
📝 解析： 文中提到 she taught commercial subjects（教商业科目，不是商业艺术家）、librarian、editor of The Dial，未提到 commercial artist。
💡 解题技巧： "EXCEPT"题注意词义辨析（taught commercial subjects ≠ commercial artist）。
问题 18： The word "period" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
A. movement
B. school
C. region
D. time
✅ 正确答案： D）time
📝 解析： "an important literary magazine of the period" — period = 时期/时代。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：period = time = era。
问题 19： Where did Moore spend most of her adult life?
A. In Kirkwood
B. In Brooklyn
C. In Los Angeles
D. In Carlisle
✅ 正确答案： B）In Brooklyn
📝 解析： "She lived quietly all her life, mostly in Brooklyn, New York"。
💡 解题技巧： 细节题定位"mostly in"。
问题 20： The word "succeeding" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
A. inheriting
B. prospering
C. diverse
D. later
✅ 正确答案： D）later
📝 解析： "succeeding generations of poets and readers" — succeeding = 后来的。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：succeeding = following = later。
问题 21： The word "it" in line 22 refers to
A. writing poetry
B. becoming famous
C. earning a living
D. attracting readers
✅ 正确答案： C）earning a living
📝 解析： "To earn a living is needful, but it can be done in routine ways" — it 指 earning a living。
💡 解题技巧： 代词题找前一个不定式短语的主语。
问题 22： It can be inferred from the passage that Moore wrote because she
A. wanted to win awards a need to express herself
B. was dissatisfied with what others wrote
C. felt a need to express herself
D. wanted to raise money for the Bronx Zoo
✅ 正确答案： C）felt a need to express herself
📝 解析： "One writes because one has a burning desire to objectify what it is indispensable to one's happiness to express" — 表达自我的强烈愿望。
💡 解题技巧： 推理题定位直接引语中的创作动机。
🌐 中文翻译
玛丽安·摩尔（1887-1972）曾说过，她的作品之所以能被称为诗歌，只是因为找不到别的名称。确实，她的诗看起来像是极度压缩的散文，碰巧以锯齿状的行印在页面上。她的主题多种多样：动物、劳动者、艺术家以及诗歌创作本身。从她广泛的阅读中，她遇到了那些她觉得引人注目或富有洞见的引文。她将这些引文纳入诗中，严格地加上引号，有时还在脚注中注明出处。关于这种做法，她写道："'为什么用这么多引号？'有人问我……当一件事已经被说得那么好，以至于无法说得更好时，为什么还要转述呢？因此我的写作，即使不是一座化石 cabinet，也是一种琥珀中的苍蝇收藏。"仔细观察和对细节的关注是她诗歌的方法。 玛丽安·摩尔在密苏里州圣路易斯附近的柯克伍德长大。1909年从布林莫尔学院毕业后，她在宾夕法尼亚州卡莱尔的印第安学校教授商业课程。后来她成为纽约市的一名图书馆员。在20世纪20年代，她担任当时重要的文学杂志《The Dial》的编辑。她一生都过着安静的生活，主要在纽约布鲁克林。她花很多时间在布朗克斯动物园，对动物着迷。她对布鲁克林道奇队——在该队迁往洛杉矶之前——的喜爱是众所周知的。 她的第一本诗集于1921年在伦敦由一群与意象派运动有关的朋友出版。从那时起，她的诗歌一直被后来的诗人和读者饶有兴趣地阅读。1952年，她凭借《诗集》获得普利策奖。她写道，她写诗不是为了"金钱或名声。谋生是必要的，但它可以通过常规方式实现。一个人写作是因为他有一种燃烧的欲望，想要将那些对个人幸福不可或缺的东西客观地表达出来……"
🏷️ 标签：#托福阅读 #真题解析 #备考资料
