今天呈现2023 年新高考全国 I 卷英语阅读理解真题（完整原文+题目+答案）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A 篇（应用文：自行车租赁与导游服务）
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour €7.50 €5.00
3 hours €11.00 €7.50
1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €10.00
2 days €22.75 €16.00
Guided City Tours
The tours of Amsterdam are led by professional guides. The guides are enthusiastic and knowledgeable. They love to share stories about the city's history, culture, art and famous places. The tour lasts about 2.5 hours. The guided tour includes a bike. The price is €22.50 per person.
Departure Times
April–October: Daily 11:00 & 15:00
November–March: Saturday & Sunday 11:00
Meeting Point
Dam Square, in front of the National Monument.
Reservations
Reservations are recommended for guided tours. You can book online at www.macbike.nl or call us at +31 (0) 20 625 50 55.
21. What can we learn about MacBike from the text?
A. It is a newly-founded company.
B. It provides a wide range of bikes.
C. It has 2,500 rental shops in Amsterdam.
D. It offers free guided tours for bike renters.
22. How much does it cost to rent a hand brake, three gears bike for two days?
A. €15.75.
B. €19.50.
C. €22.75.
D. €29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start?
A. The Gooyer Windmill.
B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.
D. Dam Square.
答案：21. B 22. C 23. D
B 篇（记叙文：生态机器净化）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed. The plants and animals in the eco-machine ate up the harmful chemicals in the sludge. The water became clean. John's eco-machine worked!
Later, John designed a full-scale eco-machine to treat sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"You put living things in new relationships with each other," John says. "And they do the work for you."
24. What can we know about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of reading nature books.
B. He got his college degree in biology.
C. He studied nature from an early age.
D. He often cleaned up messes in the woods.
25. Why did John build the eco-machine?
A. To create a new ecosystem.
B. To purify the dirty water and waste.
C. To raise aquatic plants and animals.
D. To observe behaviors of tiny creatures.
26. What does the underlined phrase "the work" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Creating new habitats.
B. Forming relationships.
C. Removing harmful chemicals.
D. Constructing fiberglass tanks.
27. Why are the examples in Paragraph 5 mentioned?
A. To introduce two new eco-machines.
B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare different eco-machines.
D. To recall John's research projects.
答案：24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B
C 篇（说明文：数字极简主义）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, a philosophy that helps you focus on what matters by cutting out the noise from your digital life. Digital minimalism is not about giving up technology; it's about using it in a way that supports your values and goals.
In part one, I explain the philosophy behind digital minimalism. I argue that our current relationship with technology is often unhealthy. We are constantly interrupted by notifications, and we spend too much time on activities that don't bring us real value. This constant distraction is hurting our productivity, our relationships, and our happiness.
To fix this, I propose a practice called "decluttering" your digital life. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. During this time, you identify which digital tools and activities truly add value to your life. After thirty days, you can carefully add back only those that are necessary.
In the final chapter of part one, I present a collection of practical examples from people who have successfully adopted digital minimalism. These stories show how different people have applied the philosophy to their own lives, from reducing social media use to setting strict boundaries for work emails.
Part two of the book is a toolkit for building a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
28. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
29. What does the underlined word "declutter" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.
B. Add-on.
C. Check-in.
D. Take-over.
30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models.
B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples.
D. Historical analyses.
31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed.
B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.
D. Identify the ideas behind them.
答案：28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A
D 篇（说明文：群体智慧）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and others to underestimate. When enough judgments are combined, these errors tend to cancel out, leaving an accurate result.
In recent years, researchers have been exploring the limits of the wisdom of crowds. They've found that the effect works best under certain conditions. For example, the crowd members must make their estimates independently, without talking to each other or being influenced by others. If people can hear what others are saying, they may follow the crowd, and the wisdom of the group is lost.
Another important condition is that the crowd must be diverse. If everyone in the crowd thinks the same way, their errors will be similar, and they won't cancel out. Diversity of background and opinion helps ensure that the group has a wide range of perspectives.
Researchers have also found that the wisdom of crowds can be improved by using certain methods. For example, averaging the estimates after removing the highest and lowest values can lead to a more accurate result. This is because extreme values are more likely to be errors.
The wisdom of crowds has been applied in many areas, from forecasting election results to predicting the success of new products. It shows that under the right conditions, a group of people can be smarter than even the smartest individual in the group.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The definition of the wisdom of crowds.
B. The origin of the wisdom of crowds.
C. The importance of the wisdom of crowds.
D. The application of the wisdom of crowds.
33. What does the underlined word "capitalizes on" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Depends on.
B. Takes advantage of.
C. Suffers from.
D. Adds to.
34. What is necessary for the wisdom of crowds to work?
A. Members must be influenced by each other.
B. Members must have similar backgrounds.
C. Estimates must be collected from a small group.
D. Estimates must be made independently.
35. What can we infer from the text?
A. Extreme estimates are of little value.
B. The smartest individual leads to accuracy.
C. Removing top and bottom averages helps.
D. The larger crowd is always more reliable.
答案：32. B 33. B 34. D 35. C
第二节（七选五：自我宽恕）
Self-Forgiveness
Self-forgiveness is an important part of mental health. It involves letting go of anger, guilt, and regret towards yourself for past mistakes. 36 Here are some tips to help you practice self-forgiveness.
First, acknowledge your mistake. Be honest with yourself about what you did wrong. 37 Avoid making excuses or blaming others. Take responsibility for your actions.
Second, understand your motives. Ask yourself why you made the mistake. Were you stressed, tired, or afraid? 38 This doesn't excuse your behavior, but it helps you see the situation more clearly.
Third, apologize if necessary. If your mistake hurt someone else, offer a sincere apology. 39 This shows that you care about the other person's feelings and that you're committed to making things right.
Finally, let go and move on. Once you've taken these steps, it's time to release the negative emotions. 40 Remember that everyone makes mistakes, and that making mistakes is part of being human.
A. Don't ignore the pain you caused.
B. It can help you feel more peaceful.
C. Recognize the impact of your actions.
D. Understanding the reasons can help.
E. It's not easy to forgive and forget.
F. Focus on learning from the experience.
G. Make sure your apology is genuine.
答案：36. B 37. C 38. D 39. G 40. F
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