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北京高考英语CD篇攻坚:2023北京真题C篇详细拆解----模拟假说
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北京高考英语CD篇攻坚:2023北京真题C篇详细拆解----模拟假说28题：理解We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.相反，我们可以利用这一想法来推动科学知识的进步。 29题：Reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories.中relies on （依赖于）已经给了提示。 30题：理解If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that arecontingent onour social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.如果实证经验无法揭示现实，那么推理同样无法揭示现实，因为推理所依赖的概念和词语，都受制于我们的社会、文化和心理历史。这又是一个黑箱。 31题：理解There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation.争论宇宙究竟是一座时钟、一组粒子，还是一次计算的输出，是毫无意义的。 原句：Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” returns numerous results【that debate (whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept (that some scientists actually take seriously))】. 骨架分析： 主语：动名词短语 Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” - 修饰成分1：that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation 是定语从句，修饰 results；其中又嵌套了宾语从句whether the universe is a computer simulation，作debate 的宾语。 - 修饰成分2：a concept that some scientists actually take seriously是同位语，补充说明前面的 computer simulation，其中that some scientists actually take seriously 又是定语从句，修饰 concept 。 原句： 【If empirical experience fails to reveal reality,【reasoning won’t reveal reality either【since it relies on concepts and words (that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories)】. 骨架分析： - 主句：reasoning won’t reveal reality either. - 修饰成分1：If empirical experience fails to reveal reality 是条件状语从句，“如果实证经验无法揭示现实”。 - 修饰成分2：since it relies on concepts and words 是原因状语从句，解释主句的原因；其中 that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories 是定语从句，修饰 concepts and words ，说明这些概念和词语的特点。 原句： It can be imagined that【(comparable to the process of building previous scientific models), developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise】. 骨架分析： - 主句：It can be imagined that... （形式主语句型，真正的主语是后面的从句） - 真正主语从句骨架：developing the model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. - 修饰成分1：comparable to the process of building previous scientific models 是形容词短语作状语，“与构建以往科学模型的过程类似”。 - 修饰成分2：“computer simulation” metaphor-based 是复合形容词，修饰 model ，“基于‘计算机模拟’隐喻的模型”。 The notion that we live in someone else's video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term "simulation hypothesis"(模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that arecontingent onour social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from "Is the universe a computer simulation?" to "Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? "Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton's era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein's, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the "computer simulation"metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28.What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument. C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison. 29.What does the phrase "contingent on"underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by. 30.As for Kant's argument, the author is ______. A. appreciative B. doubtful C. unconcerned D. disapproving 31.It is implied in this passage that we should ______. A. compare the current models with the previous ones B. continue exploring the classical models in history C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D. turn simulations of the universe into realities 我们生活在别人的电子游戏里——这一想法对许多人来说有着难以抗拒的吸引力。搜索“模拟假说”这个术语，会出现大量探讨“宇宙是否是计算机模拟”的内容，而这个概念实际上得到了一些科学家的认真对待。遗憾的是，这并非一个科学问题。我们或许永远无法知道它的真假。相反，我们可以利用这一想法来推动科学知识的进步。 18世纪哲学家康德提出，宇宙最终由不可知的“物自体”构成。尽管他认为客观现实是存在的，但他也指出，我们的思维在构建和塑造感知的过程中发挥着必要作用。现代科学已经证实，我们对世界的感知体验，是大脑中感觉系统和认知功能经过多阶段处理的结果。没人确切知道这个“黑箱”内部发生了什么。如果实证经验无法揭示现实，那么推理同样无法揭示现实，因为推理所依赖的概念和词语，都受制于我们的社会、文化和心理历史。这又是一个黑箱。 因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也就接受了自己永远无法知道是否生活在计算机模拟中的事实。这样一来，我们就可以把探究的问题从“宇宙是计算机模拟吗？”转变为“我们能把宇宙建模为计算机模拟吗？” 对现实进行建模，本就是我们一直在做的事。为了增进对世界的理解，我们会基于熟悉的概念隐喻构建模型。在牛顿时代，我们把宇宙想象成一座时钟；在爱因斯坦时代，我们发现了粒子物理学的标准模型。 如今身处信息时代，我们有了计算机、信息处理、虚拟现实和模拟等新概念。不出所料，这些新概念启发我们构建宇宙的新模型。但模型并非现实本身。争论宇宙究竟是一座时钟、一组粒子，还是一次计算的输出，是毫无意义的。所有这些模型都是应对未知、推动发现的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，解决问题的效率和洞察力就越强。 可以想见，就像以往构建科学模型的过程一样，开发基于“计算机模拟”这一隐喻的模型，也将是一项极具价值的探索。 28.作者挑战这一假说的目的是什么？ A. 提出一个假设 B. 阐述一个论点 C. 给出一个建议 D. 证明一项对比 29.第二段划线短语“contingent on”最可能的意思是？ A. 被…接受 B. 由…决定/取决于 C. 被…唤醒 D. 被…发现 30.对于康德的观点，作者的态度是？ A. 认同的 B. 怀疑的 C. 不关心的 D. 不赞成的 31.文中暗示我们应该怎么做？ A. 将当前模型与以往模型进行比较 B. 继续探索历史上的经典模型 C. 停止争论宇宙是否是模拟 D. 把宇宙的模拟变成现实 - notion 名词，概念、观点 - simulation 名词，模拟、仿真 - hypothesis 名词，假说、假设 - universe 名词，宇宙 - scientific 形容词，科学的 - knowledge 名词，知识 - philosopher 名词，哲学家 - argue 动词，主张、认为 - reality 名词，现实、实在 - perception 名词，感知、认识 - sensory 形容词，感官的 - cognitive 形容词，认知的 - empirical 形容词，实证的、经验主义的 - reasoning 名词，推理、理性思考 - concept 名词，概念、观念 - contingent 形容词，取决于…的、依条件而定的 - inquiry 名词，探究、询问 - model 名词/动词，模型；建模、模拟 - metaphor 名词，隐喻、比喻 - era 名词，时代、年代 - particle 名词，粒子 - information 名词，信息 - virtual 形容词，虚拟的 - inspire 动词，启发、激发 - effective 形容词，有效的 - insightful 形容词，富有洞察力的 - rewarding 形容词，有益的、有回报的 - take seriously 认真对待 - advance scientific knowledge 推动科学知识发展 - consist of 由…组成 - things-in-themselves 物自体（哲学概念） - play a role in 在…中起作用 - structure and shape 构建和塑造 - perceptual experience 感知体验 - stages of processing 加工阶段 - rely on 依赖、依靠 - shift our inquiry 转移我们的探究方向 - conceptual metaphors 概念隐喻 - make discoveries 做出发现 - deal with the unknown 应对未知事物 答案：CBAC
