初中英语语法动词时态专题讲解与真题训练

教学内容：

教学目标：

教学重点与难点：

时态1：一般现在时

一、一般现在时的定义

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：

The sky is blue.

天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：

I get up at six every day.

我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如：

The earth goes around the sun.

地球绕着太阳转。

二、一般现在时的构成

1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： 

I am a boy.

我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如： 

We study English.

我们学习英语。 

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it或其它相当于第三人称的词)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：

Mary likes Chinese.

三、一般现在时的变化

1. be动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：

He is not a worker.

他不是工人。

一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：

-Are you a student?

-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：

Where is my bike?

2.行为动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：

I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：

He doesn't often play.

一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：

- Do you often play football? 

- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：

- Does she go to work by bike? 

- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：

How does your father go to work?

四、拓展提升：

☞2019年中考英语一般现在时态考题汇集

补充：动词三单的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加s，如：cook-cooks, stay-stays

2．以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾，加es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

4. 以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加-es，如：stay-stays play-plays

课堂练习：用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ______ (have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _____ (be) in Class One.

3. We _____ (not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick _____ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ____ they _____ (like) the World Cup?

6. What _____ they often _____ (do) on Saturdays?

7. _____ your parents _____ (read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _____ (teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ______ (take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ______ (be) some water in the bottle.

(has,are,don't watch,doesn't go, Do...like, do...do, Do...read, teaches, take, is)

时态2：一般过去时

一、定义：

一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when, in the past连用。如：

What did you do yesterday? 

I met Lin Tao this morning. 

Tom was just there a moment ago. 

二、基本结构：

①be动词：主语+be(was/ were) + 其它.（形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间）。如：

I was short when I was 10 years old.

There was a music room in our school before.

The cat was under my bed just now.

Were you the best student in the class?

②行为动词：

A.肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式 +其它。如：

She visited his grandparents two days ago.

B.否定句：主语+didn’t +动词原形+其它。如：

I didn't know you were so busy.

C.一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它？如：

Did you watch the TV program last night?

Did his father read the newpapers just now?

3.时间标志词：yesterday, yesterday morning （afternoon/evening ），just now 刚才，before 以前， then（at that time ）当时，last +时间（如 last week, month, year, spring, weekend… ）, that +时间（如 that day, afternoon, summer，…），时间 + ago （如 a few minutes ago, two weeks ago, years ago,…）

三、拓展提升

课堂练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Tom and Mary ______ (come) to China last month.

2. Mike ______ (not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night.So he _____ (get) up late.

3. Mary _____ (read) English yesterday morning.

4. Tom _____ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.

5. My mother _____ (not do) housework yesterday.

6. There ______ a telephone call for you just now. (be)

7. ---When ____ you ____ (come) to China? 

---Last year.

8. ______ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?

9. How many people ______ (be) there in your class last term?

10. There ____ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I ____ (have) no time to watch it.

(came, didn't go...got, read, began, didn't do, was, did...come, Was, were, was...had)

时态3：一般将来时

一、定义

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week, next year , soon, in a month等。

二、构成

一般将来时由“助动词will+动词原形”构成。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩写为'll，will not简缩为won’t。

He will help his sister with her lessons.

We won't be free this afternoon.

Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.

—You've left the light on. 

你忘了关灯了。

—Oh , so I have. I'll go and turn it off. 

噢，那我马上去关。

三、一般将来时的其他表达法：

(1)“be going to+动词原形”表将来

①这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。

What are you going to do next Sunday? 

下星期天你打算干什么？

They are going to meet outside the school gate.

他们打算在校门口见面。

②还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。

I think I'm going to die. 

我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)

Look at the cloud. It’s going to rain.

瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨)

The ice is going to break.

冰就要破了。

③这种结构表示“肯定、预测，注定会”。在这种情况下可以和“think, hope, want, believe, like”等表示静态的动词连用。

He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.

他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。

(2）用“be+V.ing”表示将来

句中的现在进行时结构表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

I'm leaving for Tibet on Sunday.

星期天我要去西藏。

When are you going back to your factory? 

你什么时候回工厂？

He is not coming.

他不来了。

They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.

他们明天下午到达。

(3）“be about to+动词原形”表将来

“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。

The English evening is about to start.

英语晚会即将开始。

The ship is about to sail.

轮船马上就要启航。

(4）“be to+动词原形”表将来

“be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。

There's to be a slide show this afternoon.

今天下午要放幻灯。

If a man is to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.

一个人要想成功，他就必须拼命干。

四、拓展提升：

课堂练习：

1. The day after tomorrow they ______ a volleyball match.

A. will watching

B. watches 

C. is watching

D. are going to watch

2. There ______ a birthday party this Sunday.

A. shall be 

B. will be

C. shall going to be

D. will going to be

3. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.

A. are having 

B. are going to have 

C. will having

D. is going to have

4. _____ you ______ free next Sunday?

A. Will; are      B. Will; be

C. Do; be        D. Are; be

5. He ______ there at ten tomorrow morning.

A. will        B. is

C. will be   D. be

6. ______ your brother _____ a magazine from the library?

A. Are; going to borrow

B. Is; going to borrow

C. Will; borrows

D. Are; going to borrows

7.– Where is the morning paper?

– I ______ it for you at once.

A. get        B. am getting

C. to get    D. will get

8. ______ a concert next Saturday?

A. There will be     B. Will there be

C. There can be     D. There are

9. If they come, we _____ a meeting.

A. have       B. will have

C. had        D. would have

10. He ____ to us as soon as he gets there.

A. writes        B. has written

C. will write   D. wrote

11. He _____ in three days.

A. coming back

B. came back

C. will come back

D. is going to coming back

12.The train _____ at 11.

A. going to arrive

B. will be arrive

C. is going to 

D. is arriving

(DBBBC BDBBC CD)

时态4：现在进行时

一、定义:表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。

二、结构: 

①肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + V-ing

②否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not + V-ing

③疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V-ing

④特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + V-ing

三、用法:

(1)表示说话时正在进行的,目前正在发生的动作。

 Look! The big bird is flying away. He is watching a movie now.

(2)表示目前一段时间内正在进行,但说话时可能没有进行的动作。

We are playing football these days.

这些天我们在踢足球。

Recently, I am studying Chinese by distance learning.

我最近正通过远程教育学习汉语。

(1) 、(2)两种情况常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词, 如:now, right now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, these days 及Look! Listen! ...等。

(3)与always, constantly, forever, all the time等副词连用,表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意。

You are always changing your mind.

你总是主意不定。(有不满、责备之意)

He is always helping others.  

他总是帮助别人。(有欣赏、夸奖之意)

You are always(forget) the important thing. 

你总是把重要的事情忘掉。

四、拓展提升：

课堂练习：

1.Look! The boy students are ___ football while the girls are _____.

A. playing, dance 

B. playing, dancing

C. play, dancing 

D. play, dance

2.Mr. Smith ______ short stories, but he ______ a TV play these days.

A. is writing, is writing

B. is writing, writes

C. writes, is writing

D. writes, writes

3.It’s eight o’clock. The students ___ an English class.

A.have         B.having

C.is having   D.are having

4.The boy isn't ______ the teacher in class.

A.listen       B.listens

C.listening  D.listening to

(BCDD)

时态5：过去进行时

一、定义：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。

二、结构：was/were +doing (现在分词）如：He was playing table tennis at five yesterday afternoon.

三、用法

1.过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while。例如：

We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.

What was he researching all day last Sunday?

It was raining when they left the station.

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.

2.通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：

误：I was knowing the answer.

正：I knew the answer.

我知道答案。

误：I wasn't understanding him.

正：I didn't understand him.

我不明白他的意思。

练习题：

1) Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made            B. is making

C. was making  D. makes

2)He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

A. tries             B. tried

C. was trying   D. will try

3)While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.

A. was watching, was hearing

B. watched, was hearing

C. watched, heard 

D. was watching, heard

(CCD)

时态比较与区分：

过去进行时与一般过去时都强调过去发生的事，但进行时强调过程，不一定完成，而过去时强调事件，一定完成。也就是表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了。

过去进行时与一般过去时，两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作｡例如: 

I was typing a letter last night. 

昨晚我在打一封信｡(可能没打完) 

I typed some letters last night. 

我昨晚打了一些信｡(已经打完) 

具体区别：

1.一般过时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。

She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 

她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了) 

She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 

她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完) 

2.一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。

She waved to me. 

她朝我挥了挥手。

3.句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。

4.句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时，表示更为偶然而非预定的动作：

I was talking to Tom the other day

那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。

注意：进行时态只用于表示显然是连续不断的动作。如果把动作分割开，或者说出其发生的次数，就必须用一般过去时：

I talked to Tom several times．

我跟汤姆谈过几次话。

Tom washed both cars．

汤姆把两辆汽车都洗了。

当然，看来是并行的两个动作可以都用进行时态来表示：

Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog．

一点到两点之间我在购物、遛狗。

不用于进行时的动词:

感官动词：hear,see,notice,feel,taste……

表示态度感情的动词：like,love,hate……

表心理状态：feel,want,prefer……

表占有：own,have,……

课堂练习：

1. I ______ a meal when you _____ me.

A. cooked, were ringing

B. was cooking, rang

C. was cooking, were ringing

D. cooked, rang

2. He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.

A. tries             B. tried

C. was trying    D. will try

3. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.

A. was watching, was hearing

B. watched, was hearing

C. watched, heard

D. was watching, heard

4. They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.

A. were watching  B. watch

C. watched            D. are watching

5. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?

A. did, read, was seeing

B. did, read, saw

C. were, reading, saw

D. were, reading, was seeing

6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready to fly to England.

A. are getting       B. get

C. were getting     D. got

7. A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.

A. saw, passed 

B. was seeing, passed

C. was seeing, was passing

D. saw, was passing

8. We ____ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.

A. were waiting, waiting

B. were waiting, wait

C. waited, waiting 

D. waited, wait

9. He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.

A. helps             B would help

C. was helping   D. is helping

10. While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.

A. did, made

B. was doing, made

C. was doing, was making

D. did, was making

(BCDAC CAACC)