The bird species Schistocichla leucostigma (the spot-winged antbird) shares some territory in French Guiana with Thamnomanes caesius (the cinereous antshrike), which emits a loud alarm call when it detects predators. Biologist Ari Martinez and colleagues recorded T. caesius alarm calls and played them in the vicinity of wild S. leucostigma. Finding that the birds often froze in place or scattered into vegetation upon hearing the calls, they concluded that S. leucostigma associates T. caesius alarm calls with danger.Which finding, if true, would most directly support Martinez and colleagues' conclusion?A. In some instances, S. leucostigma froze in place or scattered into vegetation when Martinez and colleagues approached but before they began playing sounds.B. When Martinez and colleagues played control sounds of random noise in the vicinity of S. leucostigma, the birds displayed no reaction.C. Other bird species than S. leucostigma also showed a tendency to freeze in place or scatter into vegetation when Martinez and colleagues played T. caesius alarm calls.D. Martinez and colleagues played alarm calls from different T. caesius individuals and observed no significant variation in the responses of S. leucostigma.✅ 解析：结论是“S. leucostigma听到T. caesius的警报声就会联想到危险”，要支持这个结论，需要排除“其他声音/因素导致鸟类反应”的可能性。- A选项：说明研究人员靠近时鸟类就有反应，削弱了“声音导致反应”的结论；- B选项：随机噪音（对照组）没有反应，证明只有警报声才会让鸟类产生反应，直接排除了“任何声音都会让鸟类受惊”的干扰，是最强支持；- C选项：其他鸟类的反应和S. leucostigma无关，无法直接支持结论；- D选项：不同个体的警报声反应一致，只能说明反应稳定，但不如B直接排除干扰因素。答案：B*SAT备考阅读真题难题完整版PDF+v：P15502147668
02
真题解析2：能源模型功能题
SAT备考阅读真题难题解析
In Grenada, use of solid fuel (e.g., coal, wood) as a share of total household fuel use fell by more than a third between 2000 and 2019; such shifts are often explained by appeal to the energy ladder, a model holding that fuel choice is mediated mainly by household income (specifically, high-technology fuels displace solid fuels as incomes rise). Moses Pundo and Gavin Fraser’s study of fuel use in Kenya shows this model to be reductive, however: household fuel use was heterogeneous, flexible, and influenced by several factors, including the age of the household head.Which choice best describes the function of the information about Grenada in the text as a whole?A. It provides an example of a type of change that the text goes on to suggest is poorly suited for evaluating whether the energy ladder is a viable model.B. It introduces a finding that the text goes on to suggest can be explained in two different ways that are equally compelling.C. It illustrates the kind of phenomenon that the text goes on to suggest is frequently but inadequately accounted for by the energy ladder.D. It describes a trend that the text goes on to suggest has a similar cause as a seemingly unrelated trend observed in Kenya.✅ 解析：文章先以Grenada的燃料使用变化为例，引出“能源阶梯模型”，再用肯尼亚的研究指出该模型过于简化，无法解释复杂的燃料使用情况。Grenada的例子是“能源阶梯模型常被用来解释的现象”，后文说明这个模型对这类现象的解释是不充分的。- A选项：“不适合评估模型的有效性”表述错误，Grenada的例子正是模型常用来解释的现象；- B选项：“两种同样有说服力的解释”文中未提及；- C选项：完美对应“说明这类现象常被能源阶梯模型解释，但解释并不充分”；- D选项：Grenada和肯尼亚的趋势原因并不相似，后者是对前者模型的反驳。答案：C*SAT备考阅读真题难题完整版PDF+v：P15502147668
03
真题解析3：婴儿摇篮曲实验题
SAT备考阅读真题难题解析
Hypothesizing that lullabies, characterized by their slow tempos, are universally calming to infants, Constance M. Bainbridge and colleagues played a lullaby sung in the Western Nahuatl language and a non-lullaby sung in the Serbian language to a group of infants. The team found that the infants’ heart rates and pupil size both decreased more during the lullaby than during the non-lullaby. Since a decrease in heart rate is associated with relaxation, the team concluded that the lullaby relaxed the infants. However, noting that reduced heart rate can also be associated with increased attention, one critic argues that instead, the lullaby simply attracted the infants' attention.Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the critic's claim?A. Parents of infants in the study preferred the Western Nahuatl lullaby over the Serbian non-lullaby.B. Infants in the study had never heard the Western Nahuatl lullaby before.C. More frequent blinking has also been found to be a reliable indication of attention.D. Pupil size typically increases when a stimulus captures a person's attention.✅ 解析：批评者的观点是“婴儿心率下降不是因为放松，而是因为注意力被吸引”。要削弱这个观点，需要找到证据证明“注意力被吸引不会导致实验中的现象”。- A选项：父母的偏好和婴儿的状态无关；- B选项：婴儿是否听过摇篮曲，无法反驳“注意力被吸引”的观点；- C选项：眨眼频率和题目中的心率、瞳孔大小无关；- D选项：如果注意力被吸引时瞳孔会放大，而实验中婴儿的瞳孔在听摇篮曲时缩小，直接证明婴儿不是因为注意力被吸引，削弱了批评者的观点。答案：D*SAT备考阅读真题难题完整版PDF+v：P15502147668🎁备考福利：SAT阅读难题PDF免费领想要吃透SAT阅读，只靠几道题远远不够。我们整理了《SAT备考阅读真题难题》合集，帮你系统突破阅读逻辑陷阱！完整版《SAT备考阅读真题难题》扫码免费领取找小蒲~👇👇👇
