Optimize the presentation of test questions and enhance the assessment of key abilities and subject literacy. Guide the reduction of rote learning and the phenomenon of "mechanical problem-solving". Emphasis is placed on assessing key abilities, subject literacy and thinking qualities, as well as students' ability to integrate and flexibly apply the knowledge they have learned. The college entrance examination questions reflect the principles of fundamentality, comprehensiveness, application and innovation. Emphasis should be placed on assessing students' essential knowledge, key abilities and subject literacy, guiding the cultivation of exploratory and innovative thinking qualities. The structure of the test paper and the form of the questions should be optimized to enhance the application, exploration and openness of the questions. Strengthen the assessment of key abilities and subject literacy, focusing on the examination of basic knowledge, basic skills and basic methods, and guide students to integrate and apply knowledge flexibly. Encourage the reduction of rote learning and "mechanical problem-solving", and facilitate the cultivation of innovative abilities. We will continue to deepen the reform of examination content and form. We will strengthen the assessment of key abilities, subject literacy and thinking quality. We will pay attention to the assessment of basic knowledge, basic skills and basic methods. We will optimize the presentation of test questions and the selection of materials, incorporate the latest developments in science and technology, and infuse elements of humanistic education. We will enhance the design of real-life problems in project-based and inquiry-based learning to better assess students' key abilities, subject literacy and thinking quality. We will strengthen the connection between teaching and examination. We will promote the use of information technology to empower examination and evaluation reform. Where conditions permit, provinces may actively explore computer-based testing for foreign language listening (listening and speaking).
Compared with previous years, the 2026 document has seen significant changes in the following aspects: 1. For the first time, it emphasizes "incorporating the latest developments in science and technology". The document explicitly requires that the materials for the test questions should "incorporate the latest developments in science and technology", with cutting-edge achievements in artificial intelligence, quantum information, and deep space exploration becoming important sources of test materials, marking a major shift in the source of test materials from "within the textbook" to "outside the textbook". 2. For the first time, "project-based and inquiry-based real-life problem design" is written into the test question requirements, promoting the transformation of examinations from "solving problems" to "solving real-life problems", and from "knowledge memorization" to "thinking quality", fundamentally changing the mechanical practice mode. 3. For the first time, "infusing elements of humanistic education" is mentioned alongside the latest developments in science and technology, reflecting a cross-disciplinary integration orientation. High school examination questions will increasingly break down disciplinary barriers and cultivate compound talents. 4. In terms of assessment requirements, it clearly states "strengthening the connection between teaching and examination", promoting the coordinated interaction of the new college entrance examination, new curriculum and new textbooks. 5. For the first time, it proposes "promoting the use of information technology to empower examination and evaluation reform", and provinces with conditions may actively explore computer-based testing for foreign language listening (listening and speaking), promoting the digital upgrade of examination forms.
II. College entrance examination questions are a huge question bank
The "China College Entrance Examination Evaluation System" points out that the college entrance examination should "highly align with the training and evaluation goals of the high school curriculum reform, thereby achieving the purpose of rationalizing the relationship between teaching and examination and promoting 'teaching improvement through examination and learning improvement through examination'". Here, "examination" refers to college entrance examination questions.
The new curriculum standard emphasizes "consistency between learning, teaching and evaluation", promoting examination and learning through evaluation. Here, "evaluation" refers to college entrance examination questions.
College entrance examination questions are important materials for high school classroom teaching. Each year's college entrance examination questions form a huge question bank. For example, in 2025, there will be 25 sets of questions for each of the subjects of biology, chemistry, physics, politics, history and geography, 6 sets for Chinese and mathematics, and 8 sets for English. Top students in each subject should pay attention to difficult questions: for biology, they can practice the questions from Jiangxi Province (including multiple-choice questions to train comprehensive abilities); for physics, they can practice the questions from Hunan Province (overall more difficult); for chemistry, they can practice the questions from Shandong Province (overall more difficult); for English listening, they can use the questions from Beijing and Shanghai (faster speaking speed, suitable for advanced training).
一、2022年—2026年教育部“深化考试内容改革”的比较 年份 核心功能 考查内容 考查要求 2022 坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，充分发挥高考命题的育人功能积极导向作用，构建引导学生德智体美劳全面发展的考试内容体系。 优化试题呈现方式，加强对关键能力和学科素养的考查。 引导减少死记硬背和“机械刷题”现象。 2023 高考命题坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，服务人才培养质量提升和现代化建设人才选拔，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展。 注重考查关键能力、学科素养和思维品质，注重考查学生对所学知识的融会贯通和灵活运用。 高考命题体现基础性、综合性、应用性和创新性。 2024 落实立德树人根本任务，将习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想考查融入试题，构建德智体美劳全面考查的内容体系。 注重考查学生的必备知识、关键能力和学科素养，引导培养探索性、创新性思维品质。 优化试卷结构和试题形式，增强试题的应用性、探究性、开放性。 2025 坚持立德树人，将习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想有机融入试题，构建引导学生德智体美劳全面发展的考试内容体系。 加强关键能力、学科素养考查，注重考查基础知识、基本技能、基本方法，引导学生融会贯通、灵活运用。 引导减少死记硬背和“机械刷题”现象，助力创新能力培养。 2026 坚持立德树人，将习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想有机融入试题，构建引导学生德智体美劳全面发展的考试内容体系。持续深化考试内容和形式改革。 加强关键能力、学科素养和思维品质的考查。注重考查基础知识、基本技能、基本方法。 优化试题呈现方式和素材选取，融入科技前沿动态，浸润人文教育元素，加强项目式、探究式的真实情境问题设计，更好考查学生关键能力、学科素养和思维品质。加强教考衔接。推进信息技术赋能考试评价改革，有条件的省份可积极探索外语听力（听说）机考。 与往年相比，2026年文件在以下方面出现了显著变化： 1. 首次强调“融入科技前沿动态”。文件明确要求命题素材需“融入科技前沿动态”，人工智能、量子信息、深空探测等前沿成果成为试题材料的重要来源，标志着高考命题素材从“课本内”向“课本外”的重大转向。 2. 首次将“项目式、探究式的真实情境问题设计”写入命题要求，推动考试从“解题”向“解决问题”转变，从“知识记忆”向“思维品质”转变，机械刷题模式面临根本性改变。 3. 首次将“浸润人文教育元素”与科技前沿并提，体现跨学科融合导向，高考试题将越来越多地打破学科壁垒，培养复合型人才。 4. 在考查要求上明确提出“加强教考衔接”，促进新高考、新课程、新教材的协同联动。 5. 首次提出“推进信息技术赋能考试评价改革”，有条件的省份可积极探索外语听力（听说）机考，推动考试形式的数字化升级。 二、高考真题是个巨大的题库 《中国高考评价体系》指出，高考要“高度契合高中课程改革的培养目标和评价目标，从而达到理顺教考关系、实现‘以考促教、以考促学’的目的”，此处的“考”是指高考题。 新课标“学教评一致性”，以评促考、以评促学，此处的“评”是指高考题 高考真题是高中课堂教学的重要素材。每一年的高考题是个巨大的题库。如，2025年的高考题，物化生政史地每科各有25套题，语文数学各6套，英语有8套。 学科尖子生要关注难题：生物可练江西省的（含多选题，训练综合能力）、物理可练湖南省的（整体较难）、化学可练山东省的（整体较难）、英语听力可用北京和上海的（语速较快，适合拔高训练）
III. Multiple Solutions for a Single Problem The final questions in the college entrance examination in mathematics usually have the characteristic of "multiple solutions", and there must be one solution that is the conventional one, which is usually time-consuming and requires great patience; the other is an unconventional solution, which is more beneficial for students who have undergone strong basic and olympiad training. Among the 19 questions in the 2025 college entrance examination mathematics, 20% of the questions have two solutions, and 42.1% of the questions have three or more solutions. IV. Curriculum Standards 1. Strictly follow the national curriculum standards and the actual teaching situation to set the questions, and avoid biased and strange questions. Gradually increase the proportion of application, inquiry, open-ended, and comprehensive questions. -- Notice: Daily examinations in primary and secondary schools do not include academic level examinations for junior and senior high schools and the national unified examinations for college admissions. 2. The difficulty of the college entrance examination questions is based on or according to the curriculum standards, with the ratio of easy: medium: difficult being 3:5:2. 3. Special attention should be paid to the "academic quality" in the curriculum standards, as well as the "teaching and evaluation suggestions" and "academic level examination and question setting suggestions" in the "implementation suggestions". V. Steps and Methods for Studying College Entrance Examination True Questions 1. Research on college entrance examination true questions - Find changes (考点， longitudinal dimension) (Figure shows an example of a mathematics question) 2. Research on college entrance examination true questions - Find changes (考点， horizontal dimension) (Figure shows an example of a chemistry question) 3. Research on college entrance examination true questions - Find the source of the questions (Figure shows an example of an English question) 4. Research on the dimensions of college entrance examination true questions (Figure shows the situation of Huazhong Attached High School)
三、一题多解 高考数学压轴题通常具有“一题多解”的特点，并且，一定有一个解法是常规解法，通常较为耗时，需要极大耐心；另一个是超常规的解法，对于有过强基和奥赛训练经历的同学较为有利。 2025年高考数学19道题目中，有2种解法的题目占：89.5%，3种以上解法的题目占：42.1% 四、课程标准 1.严格按照国家课程标准和教学实际命题，杜绝偏题怪题，逐步增加应用性、探究性、开放性和综合性试题比重。——《教育部办公厅关于进一步加强中小学日常考试管理的通知》（注，中小学日常考试，不含初高中学业水平考试和普通高等学校招生全国统一考试） 2.高考题的难度依据或标准是课标，易：中：难= 3：5：2 3.要特别关注课标中的“学业质量”、“实施建议”中的“教学与评价建议”与“学业水平考试与命题建义” 五、研究高考真题的步骤与方法 1.高考真题研究之找变化（考点，纵向维度）（图为数学题示例） 2.高考真题研究之找变化（考点，横维度）（图为化学题示例） 3.高考真题研究之找题源（图为英语题示例） 4.高考真题研究之维度（图为华中附中情况）
