历年上海中考听说+首字母+作文模拟真题满分特训最后冲刺145-148秘诀

上海中考，很多同学最容易忽视的，就是英语听说测试。

很多孩子平时做阅读、刷语法很努力，但一到听说就开始掉链子：朗读的时候容易停顿，复述抓不住关键信息，交际问答反应慢半拍，到了 Free talk 更是不知道从哪一句开始说。

这就是因为孩子没有系统练过题型套路。

所以，尹老师这里把上海中考听说测试常考的题型重新拆了一遍，整理成了一套专项资料。

把每种题型的得分点都梳理清楚，孩子考前练一遍，基本就知道考试到底该怎么开口、怎么组织答案，听说这一块自然就稳了。

一、机考必记规则（考前必背）

1.麦克风离嘴3厘米，不碰、不移、不遮挡

2.必须等 “开始录音” 再开口，抢答会丢分

3.声音响亮、清晰、匀速，不吞音、不拖音

4.只说答案，不说无关话，不使用中文

5.快速应答只回答，不重复问题

6.复述与表达说够时长，不要提前结束

二、朗读Read Aloud 必背内容

（1）必背发音规则（考试直接用）

连读（必考）

put it on → /pu-ti-ton/take it off → /tei-ki-tof/

standup → /stan-dap/not at all → /no-ta-tall/

失去爆破（必考）

sit down → /si (t) down/hot tea → /ho (t) tea/

goodmorning → /goo (d) morning/blackboard → /bla (ck) board/

重音规则

名词、动词、形容词、副词重读介词、冠词、连词、代词弱读

语调规则

陈述句、特殊疑问句：降调一般疑问句：升调

选择疑问句：or 前升，or后降反义疑问句：陈述降，反问升

（2）朗读必背短语（50 组，考试高频）

1.high jump2.fall asleep3.take a photograph

4.in danger5.press the button6.less healthy than

7.clean up8.a photo of myself9.a modern sciencelaboratory

10.be poor at11.plastic plates12.at the end of

13.a crowded city4.knock down15.aim at

16.leave me behind17.electrical appliances18.hold out

19.in pieces20.an electric heater21.take a look

（一）

1.  Congratulations! You have won the first prize.

Thanks. /Thank you.

2. Have you ever moved house?

Yes, I have. /No, I haven't.

3. Do you like wooden sofas or leather sofas?

Wooden sofas. /Leather sofas. /Both. /Neither.

 4.Would you mind turning down the TV?

Of course not. /Not at all.

5. What a nice day! Let's go out and play tennis.

That's a good idea. Let's go. /I'm sorry. I'm busy today.

（二）

1. Would you please open the window a little? It's hot in here.

All right. I will do it right now. /OK. No problem.

 2.Take a map with you so that you won't get lost.

OK. Thanks. /That's a good idea. Thanks.

 3.Thank you for taking care of my cat when I was away.

You are welcome. /My pleasure. /Not at all.

4. I missed the lecture this morning because of the traffic jam.

I'm sorry to hear that. /What a pity!

5. I feel so nervous about the English speech competition tomorrow.

Relax. You can make it. /Don't worry. You can do it.

（三）

1.  Would you like to go for a walk?

Yes, I'd like to. /That's a good idea./No, I'm really busy now.

2. Do you like coffee with milk?

Yes, I do. /No, I don't.

3. How beautiful your dress is!

Thanks. /Thank you.

 4.Tare care! There is a car coming.

Thank you. /Thanks.

5. Please give my best wishes to your parents.

Thanks. /Thank you I will.

（四）

1. Would you like to come to the party with us this Saturday night?

Yes, I'd like to. /Thanks, but I'm afraid I can't.

2. Would you like some coffee or some tea?

Coffee, please. /Tea, please. /Both. /Neither.

3. I'm very sorry for being late.

It doesn't matter. /That's all right.

4. I'm having a speech contest tomorrow. 

I'm very nervous.Good luck. /You can make it.

5. Please don't leave rubbish everywhere.

Sorry. I will pick it up at once. /Sorry. I won't do that any more.

I. 朗读

Section A 朗读词组。准备时间30秒,朗读时间30秒

1. fish market2. a kind doctor3. turn over a new page

Section B 朗读句子。准备时间1分钟,朗读时间1分钟。

1. How far is the cinema from here?

2. Do not make any noise in public places.

II.交际应答

1. Thank you for your good advice.

You are welcome. 

2. Do you go to school by bike or on foot? 

By bike. 

3. Sorry for playing music too loud!

That’s all right.

4. What about going to the zoo this afternoon?

That’s a good idea.

5. In which month were you born?

(In) May.

III.复述

Section C 朗读短文。准备时间1分钟,朗读时间1分钟

W: Hi John, long time no see. 

M: Hi Wendy. You know I love traveling, and I’ve just got back fromNanjing. 

W: Really? I’m planning to go there myself. What’s the weather like in Nanjing at this time of year? 

M: It’s usually cold. When you’re there, remember to dress warmly.

W: Thanks, I will. Did you visit many places in the city?

M: Yes, I was tired after a two-day tour. You really need three daysfor sightseeing.

W: So what do you think about Nanjing? 

M: I like friendly local people. And the food there is delicious.

W: Wow, I can’t wait to go.

Follow-up questions:

1.The name of the city?

2.Weather at this time of year?

3.How many days are the best for sightseeing?

4.You opinion about the city?(两个要点)

Key points:

1. Nanjing. (0.5)

2. It is usually cold (at this time of year). (0.5)

3. Three days. (0.5) 

4. He likes friendly (local) people. And the food there is delicious. (1)

IV.表达Free talk(表达)（2.5分）

Directions:Say at least five sentences according to the following given points.You will have fifty seconds to prepare and fifty seconds to talk.(根据下列所给提示说至少5句话。你将有50秒的准备时间和50秒的表达时间)

根据以下提示进行表达，至少讲五句话。准备时间为75秒，答题时间为60秒。

你的表达必须包含以下要点：1. What are the people in the picture doing?2. What can you learn from the boy?

参考答案

1：The boy is helping his mum do the housework. His mum is mopping the floor. They are at home. From the picture, I can learn that we should help our parents do the housework. We can do everything we can to help them.

2：A boy and his mom are doing the housework at home. His mom is mopping the floor. The boy is carrying her some water to help her. They are both smiling happily. I can learn that we should help our parents do the housework.

根据以下提示进行表达，至少讲五句话。准备时间为75秒，答题时间为60秒。

你的表达必须包含以下内容：1. What can you do to save water?2. What can you learn from the pictures?

参考答案

1：There are a lot of ways to save water. First, we shouldn't leave the tap on when we brush our teeth. Also, we can spend less time taking a shower. Then we can fix the dripping tap. Finally, waste water can be reused. Let's save water together.

2：There are a lot of ways to save water. First, when you are brushing your teeth, you should turn off the tap. Second, you should shorten your shower time. Third, when you find that your tap is dripping, you should fix it. Fourth, after you use some water you can reuse it such as watering the flowers. By these ways you can save water. I can learn that water is important. We should protect it.

I. 朗读

Section A 朗读词组。准备时间30秒,朗读时间30秒

1. news report2. the second day3. pick up your phone

Section B 朗读句子。准备时间1分钟,朗读时间1分钟。

1. How much do the shoes cost?

2. Don’t forget to take an umbrella with you.

II.交际应答

1. I’m sorry for missing your lesson. 

Never mind.

2. Would you like some fish or chicken?

Fish, please.

3. How many classes do you have in the morning?

Four. 

4. Thank you for taking photos for us. 

It’s my pleasure. 

5. How about going skating with me this Sunday?

That’s a good idea.

III.复述

Section C 朗读短文。准备时间1分钟,朗读时间1分钟

W: Good morning. Is there anything I can do for you?

M: Yes, I’d like to book a train ticket to Hangzhou for this Fridayevening.

W: What time would you like to leave?

M: Around six-thirty. 

W: Let me check first…. I’m sorry there are no tickets left around that time, because this is the busiest travel season. 

M: And also probablybecause it’s the weekend.Any tickets for other trains?

W: There are still some tickets for the nine o’clocktrain. Is that all right? 

M: OK, I’ll take that. How much is it?

W: Seventy yuan.

M: Here you are. Thanks.

Follow-up questions:

1.For what day?

2.Why no tickets for 6:30? (两个要点)

3.What time for the ticket the man finally takes?

4.How much for the ticket?

Key points:

1.(This) Friday. (0.5)

2. This is the busiest travel season. It’s the weekend. (1)

3. 9 o’clock. (0.5)

4. 70 yuan. (0.5)

IV.表达Free talk(表达)（2.5分）

Directions:Say at least five sentences according to the following given points.You will have fifty seconds to prepare and fifty seconds to talk.(根据下列所给提示说至少5句话。你将有50秒的准备时间和50秒的表达时间)

根据以下提示进行表达，至少讲五句话。准备时间为75秒，答题时间为60秒。

你的表达必须包含以下要点：1. What is the boy in the picture doing?2. What can you learn from the boy?

参考答案

1：The boy is having lunch. He is eating rice and fish. He can't eat all of it, so he is thinking about putting it in a box. From the picture, I can learn that we shouldn't waste food. We should put the food in a box if we can't eat all of it.

2：The boy is having a meal. He is eating rice and fish. He plans to put the food in a box and take it away. I can learn that we shouldn't waste food. We can take the food home if we can't eat all of it.

根据以下提示进行表达，至少讲五句话。准备时间为75秒，答题时间为60秒。

你的表达必须包含以下要点：1. What are the people in the picture doing?2. What can you learn from the volunteer?

参考答案

1：The volunteer is helping the street cleaner sweep the floor. They are working happily. They can do the work more efficiently. From the picture, I can learn that we should help others do things. It is necessary for us to help others.

2：The woman volunteer is sweeping the floor. She is helping the street cleaner. They are working hard. I can learn that being a volunteer is good to our society. Everyone should do some voluntary work.

1. 希望首字母可以得满分的学生；2. 对首字母有畏难情绪、满满挫败感的学生；3. 总是写对单词但写不对形式的学生；4. 除了瞎蒙，对首字母束手无策的学生；5. 希望积累首字母高频词汇的学生；6. 希望通过读好文培养自己的英文思维的学生；7. 渴望通过以读促写，提升自己写作水平的学生。

授课老师：尹老师共10讲，每讲30小时

首字母填空一直是中考英语难度较大、失分较多的题型。做首字母填空有何妙招？

首字母填空解题是有技巧的,不是盲目瞎猜碰运气。想要在中考最难的题型首字母填空题中取得理想的分数，同学们除了必须具备对考纲词汇的深刻认知、会背、会默、会进行中英互译、了解常见固定搭配的词组之外，还要注意解题技巧，好的技巧可以帮助解题事半功倍。

1.通读全文，定位关键词

在做首字母填空时，第一步就是快速浏览全文，了解文章的主题、背景和大致情节。根据句子的基本结构要素，在上下文寻找可推断出空格词词性的关键词，进而确定出空格词的词性，尤其对于名词、形容词、动词、副词这四种词性的单词，务必留意。例如：

空后是名词，通常需填形容词；

空前是主语且空后是宾语，可能需填及物动词；

空位于句首，可能是连词或副词；

空前是介词，可能需填名词或动名词。

2.找到关键句推测句意

除了关键词以外，还要注意找关键句。一般来说段落首句和空格上下句都很重要。我们需要翻译关键句，整理句子内部的逻辑和句与句之间的关系，根据空格词所在句的完整含义推测空格词所在句的句意，注意前后文所使用人称。

3.推测空格词意

在有了关键词和关键句后，接下来需要结合语境，利用线索推测单词含义，常见的线索包括：

同义/反义关系：上下文可能通过近义词或反义词提示答案；

因果关系：注意because、so、as a result等词，根据因果逻辑推断；

转折关系：but、however、although等词后的内容常与前文形成对比；

定义/解释：下文可能对空格处的词进行解释或举例说明；

固定搭配：牢记常见短语搭配，如动词短语、介词短语等。

注意将词汇定位选择范围缩小在上海中考考纲内，匹配上含有此含义、此词性、此首字母的单词。

4.检查变形

填入单词，再一次代入原句,结合上下文语境通读一遍，确认单词与前后文的逻辑一致,尤其检查填入的名词和动词，是否需要进行单复数或时态的变形，避免不必要的失分。

包括：

名词的单复数、所有格；

动词的时态、语态、主谓一致（三单、过去式等）；

形容词/副词的比较级、最高级；

单词的拼写是否正确，避免因粗心导致错误。

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1.(2020上海杨浦区一模)

1.suddenlyadv.突然2.madadj.发疯的3.appearance(s)n.外貌4.oppositen.相反

5.developv.培养6.helpn.助手7.ordinaryadj.普通的

2.(2020上海宝山区一模)

1.awareadj.有意识的2.advantagesn.优势3.thereforeadv.因此4.activitiesn.活动

5.focusingv.集中6.repairv.修理7.certainlyadv.当然

3.(2020上海普陀区一模)

1.recognizev.认出2.noise(s)n.噪音3.comfortableadj.舒服的4.hatev.讨厌

5.finally/furtheradv.最终/进而6.problemn.问题 7.easier/easyadj.容易的

4.(2020上海嘉定区一模)

1.aloneadj.孤单的2.complainedv.抱怨3.worry/worriesn.担忧4.creativeadj.有创造力的5.onlineadj.线上的 6.onlyadj.唯一的 7.someonepron.某个人

5.(2020上海长宁(金山)区一模)

1.collectedv.收集 2.activitiesn.活动 3.distancesn.距离4.higher/heavieradj.更高/更重5.calmadj.镇静的6.drawing/draggingv.拉 7.behindprep.在...后

6.(2020上海松江区一模)

1.upsetadj.苦恼的2.aimedv.瞄准3. nothingpron.没有什么4.kitchenn.厨房5.behindadv.后面 6.truthn.真相 7.surprisedv.使惊讶

7.(2020上海徐汇区一模)

1.feelingn.感觉2.lazyadj.懒惰的3.startv.开始 4.differentadj.不同的

5.ourselvespron.我们自己 6.trainingv.训练7.slowlyadv.缓慢地，逐渐地

8.(2020上海虹口区一模)

1.facev.面对2.surprisen.惊讶3.anyone’s/anybody’spron.任何人的4.luckilyadv.幸运的是5.noticev.注意6.favouriteadj.最爱的7.helpfuladj.乐于助人的

9.(2020上海奉贤区一模)

1.pooradj.贫穷的2.finishedv.完成3.heartn.心4.holdv.握住5.towards/toprep.向

6.second/seriousadj. 第二的/严肃的7.aloneadv.孤身一人

10.(2020上海浦东新区一模)

1.sharev.分享 2.trouble(s)n.麻烦3.hopev.希望4.reallyadv.真地5.fournum.四6.worseadj.更糟 7.nothingpron.没有什么

11.(2020上海闵行区一模)

1.complainingv.抱怨2.unhappieradj.更郁闷 3.ourselvespron.我们自己 4.decisionsn.决定 5.acceptv.接受 6.soon/sooneradv.不久7.excusen.借口

12.(2020上海崇明区一模)

1.discoverv.发现2.lostadj.迷路的 3.viewn.景色 4.anyone/anybodypron.任何人5.affordv.负担得起6.onlineadv.线上地 7.focusv.集中

13.(2020上海黄浦区一模)

1.afraidadj.担心的 2.managev.管理 3.completelyadv.彻底地 4.expectedv.期待5.cleareradj.更清晰 6.forgotv.忘记 7.charactern.性格

14.(2020上海青浦区一模)

1.clearlyadv.清晰地 2.linkedv.使联系3.elevennum.十一4.likelyadj.可能的5.mistakesn.错误6.addv.增加 7.luckyadj.幸运的

15.(2020上海静安区一模)

1.joiningv.加入 2.plan/project/programn.计划/项目/节目3.special/specificadj.特殊的/具体的4.alone/anywhereadv.独自/任何地点5.describedv.描述6.sufferedv.遭受7.winnern.获胜者

在上海市中考英语试卷中，首字母填空历来是区分度的“分水岭”。不少孩子单词背了不少，可一到这道题就频频失分——问题不在于词汇量不够，而在于不了解上海中考的命题规律和解题思路。

今天，我们专门针对上海中考英语首字母填空，为家长和孩子们整理了一份实用备考指南，涵盖考情特点、高频考点、50个必考词搭配，帮助孩子从“盲目刷题”走向“精准得分”。

一、上海中考首字母填空考什么？

根据近几年上海中考英语真题分析，首字母填空主要呈现以下特点：

考查的重点词类依次为：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词。这意味着孩子不仅要认识这些词，还要能在语境中准确运用其正确形式。

二、首字母填空解题“三步法”

解答首字母填空的关键在于把握文章逻辑关系。具体操作分三步：

第一步：通读全文，把握大意

不要急着填空！先从头到尾读一遍，了解文章讲什么、情感基调是什么。很多孩子一上来就盯着空格，结果“只见树木不见森林”。

第二步：判断词性，缩小范围

根据句子成分判断空格需要什么词性：

主语位置：名词、代词、动名词（注意单复数）

谓语位置：动词（注意时态、语态、三单）

表语位置：形容词、名词（注意比较级）

宾语位置：名词、代词、动名词

定语/状语位置：形容词、副词

第三步：逻辑推理，锁定答案

重点识别文章中的因果、递进、转折关系，理解代词指代对象，结合上下文线索推测答案。

三、上海中考50个高频首字母填空词汇及搭配

以下是从上海历年中考真题及模拟题中提炼的高频考点，每个词都配有必考搭配和真题示例：

A字母高频词

1. able

必考搭配：be able to do sth.（能够做某事）

变形：ability（n.能力）；enable（v.使能够）

2. abroad

真题例句：During 1935-1938, they were a______to study at Oxford University.

答案：abroad（在国外）

3. alone

真题例句：The love usually cannot be described with words a______.

答案：alone（单独地，仅仅）

辨析：alone（独自的，客观状态）vs lonely（孤独的，主观感受）

4. allow

必考搭配：allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）

注意：被动语态be allowed to do 是高频考点

B字母高频词

5. breath

必考搭配：take a deep breath（深呼吸）

语境：当文章描述紧张、焦虑场景时高频出现

C字母高频词

6. challenge

真题例句：Learning new things is always ac______for human beings.

答案：challenge（挑战）

7. chance

必考搭配：have a chance to do sth.（有机会做某事）

8. choice

必考搭配：make a choice（做出选择）；have no choice but to do（别无选择只能做）

变形：choose（v.选择）

9. completely

真题例句：...far away from my country with a c______new culture and new people.

答案：completely（完全地）

10. consider

必考搭配：consider doing sth.（考虑做某事）

注意：

1.做真题，少焦虑，但如果真题也觉得难，谨记：还有六个月！！！

2.简单，从来只是相对而言！

At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat, especially for students or people who have just finished school, because flats are usually expensive. And m___1___is not the only reason for having a roommate. Sharing a flat can be fun.

But life with a roommate can also be a t___2___ experience. Some experts(专家) did a study of college students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other students. So, how can you l___3___with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice:

Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you don’t see them very o___4___. So, before you plan to share a room with a friend, discuss the situation carefully．

If you decide to share a room with someone you don’t know, talk to each other. It’s important to be h___5___ about your habits and things you hate.

When you move in with a roommate, make rules. Decide how you will share h___6___, such as cleaning, washing and shopping. Will you share food? Is it OK to have guests? And what about loud music?

Don’t get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f___7___the unhappy things between you and your roommate. No one --including you --is perfect．

A school newspaper.The Teensasked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report ther___1___of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.

P___2___ activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.

Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i___3___both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.

Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They hadv___4___collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.

V___5___friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A___6___popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s___7___ went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.

It’s a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in South Africa. Teachers and pupils don’t sit in a classroom. I___1___, they go through the forest or sit under the trees.

The school teaches students all the sames___2___as the rest of the country’s schools, but the teaching methods are completely different. Southern Cross uses nature as a teaching tool. The teachers and their pupils go out into nature and work with animals and plants. These can be used to study a___3___ from maths and social sciences to languages. The school is in an area where animals live wild and can be hunted. To get to class, students travel a road through the forest that wild animals use as well.

The classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from the rest of the school. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s___4___. In this school you won’t hear a teacher saying “Count how many apples Jane has in her basket.”Actually, the children visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by animals. This way they can see how many different animals come to d___5___during the night.

The students are encouraged to take care of the injured and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the foodchain and how and why it d___6___.

The headmaster says, “We must make people understand what we are doing to the e___7___. We need to care for our planet.”

【导语】本文讲了关于现在在英国很受欢迎的年轻人铁路卡，它能够给年轻人机会在全国买到便宜的火车票。它可以以较低的价格带你去看节目，看朋友，或周末去伦敦休息。

The Young Person’s Rail-card is very popular in Britain now. It gives young people the chance to buy c___1___train tickets across the country. Just imagine, it could take you to festivals, to see friends, or to London for a weekend break, at a lower price. 

Who can apply?

Anyone between 16 and 25 years of age. You will need to provide something to p___2___that you are under 26. For this, only your ID card, driving license, passport or medical card will be acceptable. 

Or, if you are an adult student o___3___25 years old but receiving formal education, you can also apply. You will need to get your teacher to sign the application form(申请表). “Formal education”refers to studies of more than 15 hours per week for at least 20 weeks a year in college. 

Then take your completed application form with a recentp___4___of yourself, ￡28 and other materials needed to any main railway station or student travel office to apply for the card. 

How to use your rail-card?

You can use it any time -- weekends, holidays or during the week. Please ask at your local station or contact a railway travel agent for morei___5___. 

If a rail-card does not have the user’s name signed, it will be considered invalid(无效的). No one else may use either your rail-card or any tickets bought with it. You will be required to pay the f___6___ price of the ticket if your are unable to show your own rail-card with the ticket for a check during a journey. 

Tickets at reduced prices are not available for first-class travels or for travels a___7___, such as to France or Germany. Passengers will be asked to buy regular priced tickets if they want to use these services.

1.宝山区

【导语】本文主要介绍了导盲犬如何改善人们生活的三个故事。

Guide dogs are service animals which are carefully trained to lead their owners around, avoiding other people and objects, so their owners can travel s___51___ and independently. In honour of the guide dogs, April 29th is named International Guide Dog Day. Without them, many disabled people could not do simple daily activities. Here are three stories of how guide dogs havei___52___ people’s lives:

Story 1 Creating hope

Nathan was born with eye illness. At nineteen years old, he lost his sightc___53___.At that time, he felt hopeless. Then his family decided to get a guide dog, Hudson and that made a big difference in his life. Hudson helped Nathan cross the road, take a bus and even buy things at the supermarket. Now, even though Nathan can’t see, he becomes b___54___ enough to do anything. Hudson is more than just a guide dog. He is Nathan’s best friend.

Story 2 Going after a dream

Sami is just like any sixteen-year-old girl, except that she is blind. However, that hasn’t stopped Sami from long distance running. Before going blind, she loved to run and she didn’t want to stop because of her disability. Thanks to her guide dog, Chloe, she is able to c___55___ doing what she loves. Chloe runs with Sami for miles and trains with her every day. This makes Sami strong enough to do long distance running with her teammates.

Story 3 B___56___ friendship

Maisy and Claire are both blind and they met when they got their guide dogs. Their dogs liked each other, so Maisy and Claire started talking. They began to spend time together because of their dogs, and they got along really well. They enjoyed being together, and their dogs did too. It was nice because they could understand each other since they both had the same e___57___ of not being able to see.

2.崇明区

【导语】本文主要讲述了14岁的Katie McCabe独自驾驶木船环绕英国航行52天的挑战历程，以及她为海洋守护者慈善机构筹集资金的善举。

On 21 August, 14-year-old Katie McCabe, from Devon, England, completed a challenge to sail around Great Britain. McCabe arrived back in Exmouth, Devon, after a 52-day trip that s____51____ on 30 June. She sailed on an eight-meter-long wooden boat called Falanda. While her father, David, sailed five miles behind her, Katie sailed her boat single-handedly for the w____52____ trip, which means she sailed alone from the beginning to the end. McCabe has been interested in sailing from an early age, and grew up on her parents’ fishing boat. She wanted to sail across the Atlantic, “but my parents wouldn’t a____53____ me,” McCabe told The Times, “so I thought, ‘Why not go around Britain?’.” Setting off in an anti-clockwise direction, McCabe covered a total distance of 1, 840 miles. Herj____54____ went via the Caledonian Canal, which connects the east coast (海岸) of Scotland with the west coast. This means that she didn’t go all the way round the north of the country. McCabe then sailed down the Irish Sea to Wales, before crossing the Bristol Channel back to England. Upon her return, McCabe wrote on Facebook, “I can officially say I have sailed single-handedly around Britain, a d____55____ I have been having since forever!” She added that for the past seven and a half weeks, “I have been imagining sailing around Britain, just me, and Falanda (with dad a small spot in the distance behind!).” McCabe hopes to be officially recognized as the y____56____ person to sail around Britain. That record now belongs to Timothy Long, who sailed around Britain last year at the age of 15. He was at Exmouth to welcome her back. “I’d like to think I’d be that nice if someone would break the record next year,” McCabe said. McCabe took on the challenge to raise m____57____ for Sea Shepherd, a charity that supports marine wildlife. At the time the magazine went to press, McCabe had raised more than $15, 000.

3.奉贤区

【导语】本文主要讲了Cash Daniels因为一次在海滩上看到塑料吸管的经历，开始致力于环保事业，特别是河流清理和保护工作。

Stand up and join in

When most kids go to the beach, they’re too focused on playing with sand to notice litter. 

But for Cash Daniels, noticing a plastic straw (吸管) several years ago started a lifelong career in saving the planet. 

Cash has always loved n____51____. He grew up fishing along the Chattanooga River, after all! But once he learned that 80% of waste from land and rivers ends up in the ocean, he couldn’t sit back and do nothing. 

With the help of his family, Cash took the first step toward change—cleaning up the river. It q____52____ went from a family act to a community effort with volunteers and neighbors.

Now 14 years old, Cash has had a really p____53____ influence on his hometown. B____54____ hosting river cleanups, he has written a children’s book about river pollution. He has also raised enough money to put 17 recycling bins along the Tennessee River. In the process, he’s helped remove 14,000 pounds of waste and r____55____ 1.5 tons of aluminum (铝), and that is just the beginning!

“I started The Cleanup Kids with my friend Ella,” Cash said. “Ourg____56____ is to make a difference where we live. We want to teach kids how their actions are connected to the water and the ocean.”

“I also want to help them feel connected to the ocean. Because if you are connected to the ocean—if you love it and love what lives in it—you’ll want top____57____,” Cash continued. “Every little action matters. One person can make a big change if he simply stands up and joins in.”

01.嘉定区

Waste sorting is a simple process that requires neither a lot of time, nor any special resources. When you throw away trash (废物), do you know which bin it should go in? Have you evern___1___the differently-colored trash bins on the street or in your neighborhood?

Some of you might not be able to answer this question easily. In fact, it is very important. Not knowing how to sort waste can make it even h___2___to save energy and protect the environment.

If you don’t sort your trash, all of it will go to a landfill (垃圾填埋场) and be m___3___together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground that could have been used for planting trees or crops. The electronic waste can pollute the soil and groundwater (地下水). Other pieces of garbage, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they arep___4___recycled.

With this in mind, many governments in China have been running waste-sorting activities in recent years. For example, Shanghai announced in July that within three years, all of its residents should sort their waste intof___5___groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry.

Many other c___6___, including Shenzhen and Qingdao, plan to use this method to sort their waste. Now that you know this, perhaps you can do your part to protect the environment and encourage others to sort their trash.

Waste sorting is also a major problem around the world. Different countries are using different methods to sort their trash. Japan is l___7___the world in waste sorting. It is a very important part of Japanese life and Japanese people will expect foreigners to follow their belief.

1.n_______2.h________3.m_______4.p_______5.f______6.c________7.l________

02.宝山区

Watch young children in a school class. You will often notice that there are three or four — especially boys who cannot sits___1___. They have trouble paying attention to the teacher for longer than a few minutes, and they seem to forget things the teacher tells them. What is the matter with them? Many doctors think they need medicine, so they give the children a drug c___2___Ritalin (利他林). It is supposed to help them settle down and pay better attention. It works, but it is also dangerous. Ritalin has some bad side effects, and it can even kill children who take too much. Because of the serious side effects of Ritalin, many people think it is not good for children.

Ritalin seems to affect both a child’s mind and body. The drug does help children calm down and focus, but some scientists claim (声称) that Ritalin decreases the flow of blood to the b___3___. This affects a child’s thinking and memory and makes it more difficult to learn. Scientists also think that the drug mightl___4___ a child’s ability to grow and can cause trouble sleeping. Another problem is that children can take too much of the drug. Some children like the way the drug makes t___5___feel, so they take more than they should. They know this is wrong, but they cannot stop, much the same as people who cannot stop smoking. A third problem is that doctors do not know if the drug is really safe or not. Doctors do not know what happens to children who take this drug for a long time. They do not know if these children show side effects after they grow up. Ritalin might help when children are young but are there bad effects l___6___in life? Because nobody knows for sure, some scientists say that Ritalin should not be used.

Today, some doctors and teachers say that there are better ways than drugs to help children with attention problems. One good idea is to give children better food and make sure they get more rest. Another way to help children with attention problems is to find teachers who have special training with a___7___ children. Such teachers know how to help these children learn. Another idea is for parents and teachers to simply be patient. Most children’s attention will improve naturally as they get older. Parents and teachers just have to give these children time to develop.

1. s_______2.c_______3.b_______4.l_______5.t_______6.l_______7.a________

03.奉贤区

In the city I live in, some seats o every bus come in orange color. Different from the rest which are blue. Those seats are intended for (预留) a certain group of people — the old and some who need special care, such as the disabled or those with small babies. So you can often see young people choose to take other seats instead of the orange ones if possible.

One day, my friend Lisa boarded a bus and found the only untaken seat was an orange one. She h___1___for a moment and slowly walked to it and sat down. As the bus went on, passengers accumulated (聚集) from stop to stop and the bus became reallyc___2___. At that time, someone near the door asked loudly if there was anybody who would like to o___3___ a seat to the old man who had just got on the bus. On hearing it, Lisa looked around to see where the old man was. She was even about to get up but found it difficult to do so. Thinking that someone near the old man would do him a favor, she remained seated. Actually, she had another reason to do so. To hers___4___, she soon became the target of criticism (批评的目标) from some people standing beside her.

“Shameless,” a voice said.

“Morality decays (道德败坏),” another voice added.

Lisa kept silent as the short conversation went. She wanted to say something but held the words back. She understood as the only young person taking the orange seat on this bus, she “should” feel ashamed. Lisa turned her face to the window to hide her embarrassment.

If you were a passenger on that bus, would you stand out a___5___her and blame (责怪) her for not giving up her seat? If I hadn’t known the story of Lisa’s side, I would. However, the truth is: Lisa had just had a small o___6___and was in recovery (恢复). Her doctor had told her to sit instead of s___7___as much as possible. The long bus trip would give her trouble if she stood all the way.

1. h_______2.c_______3.o_______4.s_______5.a_______6.o______7.s________

04.金山区

Sam had always wanted to visit the International Space Station. He was really interested in the experiments that were happening there. He had read about growing food using water only. He thought that this was important as it was a way to provide food w___1___using land. Some of the techniques used in the Space Station had already been included in architectural plans for super skyscrapers. So when Space Dreams, a space travel company, held a competition, Sam decided to enter. The p___2___was a trip to the Space Station itself!The competition involved writing a description about how you would feel about traveling into space. Sam sat down and wrote how he thought it would feel. Buzz Aldrin, the astronaut was the judge. There were 1,209,678 entries (参加的人), so Sam thought that there was n___3___ way he would be a winner. The day when the competition winner was announced, Sam was expecting a phone call. When the phone rang, he answered, “Hi.” A voice replied, “Hello, can I speak to Sam? This is Jack Mellow of Space Dreams.” Jack told Sam he was the winner. Buzz had said that Sam’s writing d___4___exactly how he had felt on his first space trip. Sam could not believe it. Jack had already arranged with Sam’s school for him to take a few days off. He had to go to t___5___before he could fly.

Sam learnt how to put on a space suit. Then he was put onto a machine and turned around. This was to help him get used to traveling at very fast speeds. He also learned how how to move without gravity (重力) to k___6___him on the ground. That was fun. He could do summersaults and fly through the air well, walk through the air in reality. The day came for take-off. Sam felt really f___7___because he knew nothing about what would happen after taking off. He was with two other people and an instructor. He had to climb into a tiny capsule in the nose of a rocket. Then the rocket went quickly into space. Sam’s dream came true.

1.w________2.p______3.n_______4.d______5.t_______6.k________7.f_______

1.初中毕业学生的目标写作能力主要由以下几个部分构成：

单词拼写能力；

表格填写能力；

短文写作能力，其中包括书信写作能力。

2.学业考试要求

初三学业考试写作的评分标准。具体内容如下：

作文共20分，其中内容和语言各8分，组织结构分4分。

3.提高英语写作能力的对策

英语写作需要学生有较为扎实的词汇和语法基础，有一定的逻辑思维能力、创造力和写作技巧，还要对英美文化背景有一定的了解。

4.扩大词汇量，加强词汇在句中的训练 

语言的最基本要素之一是词汇，要表达自己的思想必须要有足够的词汇量。在写作时，往往会感到自己的意思找不到合适的词语来表达，这一方面由于中学生的词汇量少，另一方面在于对所学的词汇用法掌握得不好，因而严重地制约了写作。词汇教学中尽可能精心设计各种有效的练习，创造运用词汇的环境和任务，使词汇围绕一定的主题或中心，让学生通过说、写、译等活动，将词汇知识转化成词汇运用能力，在习语搭配、话语或语篇中教学词汇能培养学生的输出技能，为运用词汇进行写作打下坚实基础。

5. 夯实语法，加强语法知识在写作中的运用 

句子是构成文章的基本单位，遣词造句是写作的第一基本功，也是衡量学生表达能力最起码的标准。所谓遣词造句就是对所学词汇的调动和组织。词汇如何调动和组织，需要一定的语法知识。

6.强化语篇写作意识 

语篇结构是有条理、上下连贯、前后一致的有机的语言整体。构成篇章的只能是一组以先后顺序排列起来的彼此连接在一起的句子，这些句子彼此在意义关系上，有时也可能在形式上结合在一起，最终构成语篇。语篇结构的整体性，很明显是通过其形成连锁关系的单个句子意义一同实现的，这些句子的意义在篇章中进一步形成了具有总括意义的段落，从而形成了篇章的整体意义。段落中可划分出“关键句”（key sentences）及“辅助句”（supporting sentences）。关键句表达段落的主题思想，载有最大的信息量；而辅助句对主题思想加以阐释，只起辅助作用，提高语篇写作能力。

一、表起始的过渡语

   first of all,

   to begin with,

   in my opinion,

   according to,

   so far,

   as far as.

二、表时间的过渡语

   first,

  at first,

  then,

  later,

in the end,

finally,

afterwards,

after that,

since then,

for the first time,

at last,

as soon as,

the next moment,

meanwhile,

later on,

soon,

finally.

三、表空间的过渡语

on the right/left,

 to the right/left of,

on one side of…

on the other side of…,

at the foot/top/end of, in the

middle/centre of,

next to,

far from,

in front of

四、表因果的过渡语

 for,

because of,

one reason is that… another reason is that…,

thus,

so,

as a result (of)

五、表转折的过渡语

but,

yet,

however,

after all,

in fact,

while,

on the contrary,

instead of,

unlike,

although,

otherwise,

nevertheless,

in spite of,

after all

六、表列举的过渡语

   for example,

such as,

that is,

like,

as follows,

in other words,

and so on

七、表推进的过渡语

what’s more,

on one hand… on the other hand…,

in addition to,

as well,

still,

also,

in other words,

not only…but also…,

besides,

furthermore,

moreover

八、表总结的过渡语

in short,

in a word,

in general,

in brief,

in all,

on the whole

【2015】

Writing (作文) （共20分）

Write at least 60 words on the topic “ I want to invent _____ ”(以“我想要发明________”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格)

（注意：1、在答题纸上将题目补充完整。

2、短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。）

The following is for reference only. (以下表达仅供参考)

Ø It can be used to…

ØIt will be exciting/necessary/helpful to…

【范文】

I Want To Invent A Family Doctor Robot

I want to invent a family doctor robot, which can be used to cure the illness without going out of their home. As far as I’m concerned, it will be extremely helpful and useful because of the following reasons: