中考英语核心考点:动词be(am/is/are)

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中考英语核心考点:动词be(am/is/are)

一、基础回顾:动词be的本质与基本用法

1. 核心定义

动词 be(原形)是英语中最基础的系动词,意为 “是;存在,其过去式为was/were,过去分词为been,现在分词为being。核心功能是连接主语和表语(名词、形容词、介词短语等),构成 “主系表” 结构。

2. 现在时态(am/is/are)的主谓一致(中考基础必考点)

主语人称/单复数

对应的be动词

例句(中考高频场景)

第一人称单数(I

am

I am a ninth-grade student.(我是一名九年级学生。)

I am good at English.(我擅长英语。)

第二人称单复数(you第一人称复数(we第三人称复数(they / 复数名词)

are

You are my best friend.(你是我最好的朋友。)

We are preparing for the high school   entrance exam.(我们正在备战中考。)

These books are very useful.(这些书很有用。)

第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词)

is

He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。) is cooking in the kitchen.(我妈妈正在厨房做饭。) is   limited.(时间有限。) is exciting.(这个消息令人兴奋。)

记忆口诀:我(I)用 am,你(you)用 areis 连着他(he)、她(she)、它(it);单数名词用 is,复数名词全用 are

二、中考高频考点精讲(重点突破)

考点 1be 动词与名词 / 代词的搭配(选择 / 填空常考)

易错点:第三人称单数主语(如 Tomthe boymy sister)后误用 are;复数主语(如 the studentsthese apples)后误用 is

中考真题例句:

—What ______ your brother do?2025・福建)—He is a teacher.(答案:is,主语 your brother 为第三人称单数)

These ______ my new books. I bought them yesterday.2024・广东)(答案:are,主语 these 为复数)

考点 2be 动词的否定形式(中考基础送分题)

规则:在am/is/are 后直接加 not,缩写形式需记牢。

原形式

否定形式(完整)

否定形式(缩写)

例句

am

am not

无缩写(不可说 amn't

I am not late for class.(我上课不迟到。)

is 

is not

isn't

He isn't interested in math.(他对数学不感兴趣。)

are

are not

aren't

They aren't at home now.(他们现在不在家。)

中考注意:书面语中可使用完整形式或缩写,但缩写更简洁(作文中建议合理使用);口语中缩写更常用。

考点 3be 动词的一般疑问句及回答(交际运用高频考点)

规则:将am/is/are 提到句首,句末加问号;回答用 “Yes, 主语 + am/is/are.”  “No, 主语 + am/is/are+not.”

分情况详解:

主语为 I>—Are you a student?(你是学生吗?)Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.(注意:回答中 I 后用 am,不可说 I is/are

主语为第三人称单数:—Is she your classmate?(她是你的同学吗?)—Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.

主语为复数: those your pens?(那些是你的笔吗?)—Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.(注意:回答用 they 代替those/these

中考真题例句:

—______ your father a worker?2023・浙江)>—Yes, he ______.(答案:Isis

考点 4be 动词的特殊疑问句(疑问词一般疑问句)

常见疑问词:what(什么)、who(谁)、where(哪里)、how old(多大)、how many(多少)等。

结构:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 表语?

中考高频例句:

—Where ______ you from?2025・山东)—I'm from China.(答案:are

—What ______ this in English?2024・北京)—It's a book.(答案:is

—How old ______ your sister?2023・四川)>—She is 12.(答案:is

考点 5be 动词与现在分词连用(现在进行时)

结构:主语 + am/is/are + 动词 - ing(表示正在进行的动作)

中考必考场景:描述当前动作、图片情景题、时态辨析题。

例句:

Look! They are playing basketball on the playground.(看!他们正在操场上打篮球。)

My mother is washing clothes now.(我妈妈现在正在洗衣服。)

易错点:漏加 be 动词或误用动词形式(如are play❌,应为 are playing✅

考点 6be 动词与过去分词连用(被动语态基础)

结构:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词(表示 “……”

中考高频语境:物品的制作、动作的承受者、客观事实描述。

例句:

This bridge is built of stone.(这座桥是用石头建造的。)

The letters are sent every Monday.(这些信每周一寄出。)

注意:中考中被动语态常与一般现在时结合,需牢记 “be + 过去分词” 结构。

三、中考易错点辨析(避坑指南)

易错点 1:主谓一致混淆(最易失分)

错误:The number of students are 50.The number of students is 50.the number of 后接复数名词,谓语用单数)

错误:There are a book and two pens on the desk.)正确:There is a book and two pens on the desk.there be 句型遵循 “就近原则,靠近 be 动词的主语 a book 为单数)

易错点 2be 动词与实义动词混用

错误:He is like playing football.like 为实义动词,需用助动词 does,应为 He likes playing football.

错误:They are not go to school today.go 为实义动词,否定需用助动词 don't,应为 They don't go to school today.

核心原则:一个句子中不能同时出现两个谓语动词(be 动词和实义动词原形),需用助动词(do/does)或非谓语动词(to do/doing)连接。

易错点 3:缩写形式的误用

错误:I amn't happy.am 无缩写形式,应为 I am not happy.

错误:It isn't a dog.,正确缩写);It's not a dog.,也可)

注意:在否定回答中,不能缩写为 “No, I'mn't.”,必须是 “No, I'm not.”

易错点 4there be 句型中 be 动词的选择

规则:遵循 “就近原则,即 be 动词的单复数由靠近它的主语决定。

例句:

There is a pen and some books in the bag.(靠近 be 动词的 a pen 为单数,用 is

There are some books and a pen in the bag.(靠近 be 动词的 some books 为复数,用 are

中考真题:There ______ a lot of rain in this area last year.2025・湖南)(答案:israin 为不可数名词)

四、中考真题演练(附答案解析)

一、单项选择

—______ you a member of the English club?2024・江苏)—Yes, I am. I joined it last month.

A. Are B. Is C. Do D. Does

(答案:A,主语 you  are,一般疑问句将 are 提前)

My parents ______ teachers. They work in the same school.2023・安徽)

A. am B. is C. are D. be

(答案:C,主语 my parents 为复数,用 are

—What ______ the weather like today?2025・浙江)—It's sunny.

A. am B. is C. are D. be

(答案:B,主语 the weather 为不可数名词,用 is

Look! The girls ______ dancing in the classroom.2024・山东)

A. am B. is C. are D. be

(答案:Clook 提示现在进行时,主语the girls 为复数,用 are dancing

There ______ a library and three classrooms on the first floor.2023・广东)

A. am B. is C. are D. be

(答案:Bthere be 就近原则,a library 为单数,用 is

二、用 am/is/are填空

I ______ a student. My sister ______ a doctor.

These books ______ mine. Those ______ his.

—______ your brother at home? —No, he ______ not. He ______ at school.

The music ______ very beautiful. We all like it.

They ______ playing football now.

(答案:1. amis 2. areare 3. Isisis 4. is 5. are

三、句型转换(按要求改写句子)

He is a worker.(改为否定句)>______

These are my pencils.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)__

The girl is 13 years old.(对划线部分提问)

(答案:1. He isn't a worker. / He is not a worker. 2. —Are these your pencils? —Yes, they are. 3. How old is the girl?

五、课堂小结 & 应试技巧

牢记主谓一致核心:单对单(is),复对复(are), am”,特殊主语(the number of、不可数名词、there be 就近原则)单独记。

否定句直接加 not,疑问句 be 动词提前,回答简洁不啰嗦(避免重复主语和表语)。

现在进行时和被动语态中,be动词是 “灵魂,缺一不可(如 are doingis done)。

中考遇到 be 动词考点,先判断主语单复数,再结合时态 / 句式要求选择形式,避开 “主谓不一致”“be 与实义动词混用” 两大坑。

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