初一英语四种时态知识点总结及综合练习
(一)一般现在时
含义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态;表示客观事实、真理。
结构:1. 主语(I/we/you/they/复数名词)+ 动词原形;
2. 主语(he/she/it/单数名词)+ 动词第三人称单数;
3. 主语 + be动词(am/is/are)+ 表语(形容词、名词、介词短语等,表状态)
补充说明:be动词的一般现在时,主要用于描述人或事物的状态、身份、特征等,不表示具体动作;am只用于主语I,is用于主语he/she/it/单数名词,are用于主语we/you/they/复数名词。
时间标志词:every day(每天)、every week(每周)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、always(总是)、sometimes(有时)、never(从不)、on weekends(在周末)、in the morning(在早上)、every month(每个月)
动词变形规则:动词第三人称单数变化(主语是he/she/it/单数名词时):
•一般情况:加-s(如:play→plays,eat→eats)
•以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾:加-es(如:watch→watches,do→does,go→goes)
•以辅音字母+y结尾:变y为i,加-es(如:study→studies,fly→flies)
•特殊变化:have→has,be→is(主语为he/she/it/单数名词)、be→are(主语为we/you/they/复数名词)、be→am(主语为I)
例句(10个):
1.I get up at 6:30 every morning.(我每天早上6:30起床。)
2.She likes playing the piano.(她喜欢弹钢琴。)
3.They go to school by bus every day.(他们每天坐公交车去上学。)
4.He watches TV every evening.(他每天晚上看电视。)
5.We usually have breakfast at 7:00.(我们通常7点吃早餐。)
6.It rains a lot in summer.(夏天经常下雨。)
7.My mother does housework every day.(我妈妈每天做家务。)
8.Tom never eats fast food.(汤姆从不吃快餐。)
9.The earth goes around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)
10.I sometimes go to the park on weekends.(我有时周末去公园。)
•I am a student.(我是一名学生。)
•She is 13 years old.(她13岁了。)
•They are in the same class.(他们在同一个班级。)
1.He is tall and thin.(他又高又瘦。)
2.This book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。)
3.We are good friends.(我们是好朋友。)
4.It is a cute dog.(它是一只可爱的小狗。)
5.You are my best classmate.(你是我最好的同学。)
6.My parents are teachers.(我的父母是老师。)
(二)现在进行时
含义:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作;表示现阶段正在进行的动作(不一定此时此刻)。
结构:主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing(现在分词)
时间标志词:now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)、at the moment(此刻)、these days(这些天)、right now(此时此刻)
动词变形规则:动词-ing(现在分词)变化:
•一般情况:加-ing(如:play→playing,read→reading)
•以不发音的e结尾:去e加-ing(如:write→writing,dance→dancing)
•重读闭音节(辅音+元音+辅音):双写末尾辅音字母,加-ing(如:run→running,swim→swimming,shop→shopping)
例句(10个):
2.I am doing my homework now.(我现在正在做家庭作业。)
3.She is reading a book at the moment.(她此刻正在看书。)
4.They are playing football on the playground.(他们正在操场上踢足球。)
5.Listen! My sister is singing a song.(听!我妹妹正在唱歌。)
6.He is watching TV right now.(他此时此刻正在看电视。)
7.We are learning English these days.(这些天我们正在学英语。)
7.My father is working in the office now.(我爸爸现在正在办公室工作。)
8.Look! The birds are flying in the sky.(看!鸟儿正在天空中飞。)
9.She is dancing in the classroom.(她正在教室里跳舞。)
10.I am drinking water now.(我现在正在喝水。)
(三)一般过去时
含义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。
结构:1. 主语 + 动词过去式;2. 主语 + was/were(be动词的过去式)
时间标志词:yesterday(昨天)、last week(上周)、last year(去年)、last night(昨晚)、the day before yesterday(前天)、just now(刚才)、ago(……以前,如:three days ago 三天前)、in 2024(在2024年)、once(曾经)
动词变形规则:动词过去式变化:
•规则变化1:一般情况,加-ed(如:play→played,walk→walked)
•规则变化2:以e结尾,加-d(如:like→liked,live→lived)
•规则变化3:以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,加-ed(如:study→studied,cry→cried)
•规则变化4:重读闭音节(辅音+元音+辅音),双写末尾辅音字母,加-ed(如:stop→stopped,plan→planned)
•不规则变化(重点记):am/is→was,are→were,do→did,go→went,eat→ate,see→saw,have→had,say→said,take→took,write→wrote
例句(10个):
1.I went to the park yesterday.(我昨天去了公园。)
2.She played the piano last night.(她昨晚弹了钢琴。)
3.They were late for school yesterday morning.(他们昨天早上上学迟到了。)
4.He ate a big breakfast this morning.(他今天早上吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。)
5.We watched a movie last week.(我们上周看了一部电影。)
6.My mother bought a new bag the day before yesterday.(我妈妈前天买了一个新包。)
7.I did my homework just now.(我刚才做了家庭作业。)
8.She saw a dog in the street yesterday.(她昨天在街上看到了一只狗。)
9.He was happy yesterday.(他昨天很开心。)
10.They went swimming three days ago.(他们三天前去游泳了。)
(四)一般将来时
含义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态;表示计划、打算做某事。
结构:1. 主语 + will + 动词原形;2. 主语 + am/is/are going to + 动词原形(两种结构可互换,be going to 更强调“计划、打算”)
时间标志词:tomorrow(明天)、tomorrow morning(明天早上)、next week(下周)、next year(明年)、in the future(在未来)、in five days(五天后)、soon(很快)、this weekend(这个周末)、tonight(今晚)
动词变形规则:动词用原形,无需变形(will直接加动词原形;be going to 也加动词原形)
例句(10个):
1.I will go to school tomorrow.(我明天要去上学。)
2.She is going to visit her grandma this weekend.(她这个周末打算去看望她的奶奶。)
3.They will watch a football match next week.(他们下周要去看一场足球比赛。)
4.He is going to buy a new pen tomorrow morning.(他明天早上打算买一支新钢笔。)
5.We will have a holiday next month.(我们下个月要有一个假期。)
6.My sister is going to learn English in the future.(我妹妹将来打算学英语。)
7.It will rain tomorrow afternoon.(明天下午会下雨。)
8.I am going to do my homework tonight.(我今晚打算做家庭作业。)
9.They will go to Beijing next year.(他们明年要去北京。)
10.She will help her mother do housework tomorrow.(她明天要帮她妈妈做家务。)
二、四种时态综合练习(所给词适当形式填空,共20题)
1.He usually ______ (get) up at 7:00 every morning.
2.Look! They ______ (play) basketball on the playground.
3.I ______ (go) to the zoo yesterday.
4.She ______ (be) going to visit her friend tomorrow.
5.We often ______ (eat) dinner at 6:30 in the evening.
6.Listen! My brother ______ (sing) a song in his room.
7.They ______ (watch) TV last night.
8.I ______ (will) do my homework this evening.
9.Tom ______ (study) English every day.
10.My mother ______ (cook) dinner now.
11.He ______ (have) a good time yesterday.
12.We ______ (be) going to the park this weekend.
13.She never ______ (drink) coffee.
14.They ______ (swim) in the pool at the moment.
15.I ______ (see) a cat in the garden just now.
16.He ______ (will) go to the library tomorrow morning.
17.My father ______ (work) in the office every day.
18.Look! The children ______ (run) on the grass.
19.We ______ (go) to the cinema last week.
20.She ______ (be) going to buy a new book next month.
参考答案
1.gets2.are playing3.went4.is5.eat6.is singing7.watched8.will9.studies10.is cooking
11.had12.are13.drinks14.are swimming15.saw16.will17.works18.are running19.went20.is