中考英语语法公式汇总:以「广州」中考真题例句」+「易错点分析」为例,翻中考知识点是通用的,方便孩子直接背诵和避坑。

1. 名词与数量结构(001–010)
001 a + 单数量词 + of + 可数名词复数
✅• 真题:I bought a box of pencils yesterday.(广州中考)
• 易错:a pair of 后接复数(shoes/glasses),不可用单数。
✅002 复数数量词 + of + 可数名词复数
• 真题:There are two baskets of apples on the table.
• 易错:量词变复数,名词也用复数(three pairs of shoes)。
✅003 a + 单数量词 + of + 不可数名词
• 真题:Please give me a piece of paper.(广州)
• 易错:不可数名词无复数,不能加 s(a piece of bread ✅ / breads ❌)。
004 复数数量词 + of + 不可数名词
• 真题:He drank three cups of tea.
• 易错:量词变复数,不可数名词仍不变(two bottles of water ✅)。
005 复数名词(不以s结尾) + ’s
• 真题:Children’s Day is on June 1st.(广州)
• 易错:不规则复数(children/men/women)仍加 ’s,不是 s’。
006 复数名词(以s结尾) + ’
• 真题:It’s abouttwo hours’ ride from Guangzhou to Shenzhen.
• 易错:规则复数(girls/parents)只加 ’,不加 ’s。
007 A’s and B’s + 名词(分别拥有)
• 真题:Lily’s and Lucy’s bedrooms are clean.(两人各一间)
• 易错:表各自拥有,两个都加 ’s,名词用复数。
008 名词 + of + 名词(无生命所有格)
• 真题:The door of the room is blue.
• 易错:无生命名词所有格不用 ’s,用 of(the name of the dog ✅)。
009 a / number + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词(双重所有格)
• 真题:A friend of my father’s will come.
• 易错:必须是 “a + 名词 + of + 物主代词”,不可省 ’s。
010 many / a great many + 可数名词复数
• 真题:Many students like playing basketball.
• 易错:many 只接可数复数,不可接不可数(many books ✅ / many water ❌)。

2. 冠词用法(011–028)
011 some / any + 可数复数/不可数
• 真题:I have some friends. Do you have any?(广州)
• 易错:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定/疑问句(表请求时可用 some)。
012 much / a great deal of + 不可数名词
• 真题:There isn’t much water in the bottle.
• 易错:much 只接不可数,不接复数(much milk ✅ / much apples ❌)。
013 a lot of / lots of / plenty of + 可数复数/不可数
• 真题:Plenty of students are playing football.
• 易错:三者均可接可数/不可数,但常用于肯定句。
014 a / an + 可数名词单数(泛指)
• 真题:An honest boy is popular.(广州,honest 元音开头)
• 易错:元音音素开头用 an(an hour/an apple),辅音用 a。
015 the + 可数名词单数(类别/特指)
• 真题:The panda is from China.(表类别)
• 易错:the + 单数 可表一类事物,谓语用单数。
016 零冠词 + 可数复数/不可数(泛指)
• 真题:Water is important. Teachers should be patient.
• 易错:泛指一类人/物,复数/不可数前不加 a/an/the。
017 a / an 表“每一”
• 真题:I go to the library twice a week.(广州)
• 易错:表频率“每”用 a/an,不用 every(once a day ✅)。
018 a / an + 专有名词(某一个…)
• 真题:A Mr. Li called you just now.
• 易错:专有名词前加 a/an 表“某一个”,不表特指。
019 a / an + 抽象名词具体化
• 真题:It’s a success.(广州)
• 易错:抽象名词(success/pleasure)前加 a/an 表具体一件事。
020 a / an + 物质名词具体化
• 真题:We had a heavy rain last night.
• 易错:物质名词(rain/wind)前加 a/an 表“一场/一阵”。
021 the + 上文提过/双方已知
• 真题:I saw a dog. The dog is white.(广州)
• 易错:再次提到同一事物,必须加 the。
022 the + 宇宙独一无二事物
• 真题:The sun rises in the east.
• 易错:sun/moon/earth 前必须加 the,不可省。
023 the + 姓氏复数(一家人)
• 真题:The Greens are watching TV.
• 易错:表一家人用 the + 姓氏复数,谓语用复数。
024 the + 专有名词(国家、组织、江河)
• 真题:The Pearl River is in Guangzhou.
• 易错:江河、海洋、党派、组织前加 the(the USA/the PRC)。
025 the + 方位名词
• 真题:Guangzhou is in the south of China.
• 易错:方位词(east/west)前必须加 the。
026 the + 形容词(一类人)
• 真题:We should help the poor.
• 易错:the + 形容词 表一类人,谓语用复数(the old are ✅)。
027 the + 西洋乐器 / 固定搭配
• 真题:She can play the piano.(广州)
• 易错:乐器前必须加 the,但球类前不加(play football ✅)。
028 动词 + sb + 介词 + the + 身体部位
• 真题:He hit me on the head.(广州)
• 易错:身体部位前必须加 the,不用形容词性物主代词(on my head ❌)。

3. 代词与it句型(031–035、047–050)
031 人称顺序:单数 you, he/she, I
• 真题:You, he and I are good friends.(广州)
• 易错:单数顺序 二三一,把 I 放最后表礼貌。
032 复数顺序:we, you, they
• 真题:We, you and they all passed the exam.
• 易错:复数顺序 一二三四(我们、你们、他们)。
033 he and she 并列
• 真题:He and she are in the same class.
• 易错:并列作主语,谓语用复数。
034 it 指代前文同一事物
• 真题:I lost my pen. I can’t find it.
• 易错:it 指代同一物,one 指代同类不同物。
035 it 表天气/时间/距离
• 真题:It is rainy today. It is 5 kilometers.
• 易错:无人称主语只能用 it,不能用 this/that。
047 There be 句型
• 真题:There is a book and two pens.(广州)
• 易错:就近原则,be 动词单复数看最近名词。
048 one… the other…(两者)
• 真题:I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.
• 易错:仅限两者,the other 后不加名词。
049 some… others…(不定范围)
• 真题:Some are singing, others are dancing.
• 易错:others = other + 复数名词,表“另一些”(非全部)。
050 some… the others…(剩余全部)
• 真题:Some students are here, the others are absent.
• 易错:the others 表“剩余全部”,范围确定。

4. 数词与时间表达(051–060)
051 another + 单数 / 三者以上
• 真题:I don’t like this. Show me another.
• 易错:another 接单数,表“另一个(三者及以上)”。
052 few / a few + 可数;little / a little + 不可数
• 真题:He has few friends. There is a little water.(广州)
• 易错:few/little 表否定(几乎没有),a few/a little 表肯定(有一点)。
053 What is sb? 询问职业
• 真题:What is your father? = What does your father do?(广州)
• 易错:不能用 What does your father like?(问爱好)。
054 What is sb/sth like? 品质/天气
• 真题:What’s the weather like today?(广州)
• 易错:like 是介词,表“像/怎么样”,不表“喜欢”。
055 What does sb look like? 外貌
• 真题:What does she look like? She is tall.
• 易错:只问长相,不问性格(问性格用 What is she like?)。
056 What do you think of…? 评价
• 真题:What do you think of the film?(广州)
• 易错:同义句 How do you like...?,不可混用。
057 What about doing…? 提建议
• 真题:What about going shopping?
• 易错:about 是介词,后接 doing,不接原形。
058 概数:hundreds/thousands/millions of
• 真题:Hundreds of trees are planted every year.(广州)
• 易错:有 s 有 of,无 s 无 of(two hundred ✅ / two hundreds ❌)。
059 时间表达:分钟 past 小时(≤30)
• 真题:It’s ten past six.(6:10)
• 易错:past 表“过”,仅限30分钟内。
060 时间表达:分钟 to 小时(>30)
• 真题:It’s five to seven.(6:55)
• 易错:to 表“差”,超过30分钟用“差几分到下一点”。

5. 介词用法(101–110)
101 in + 年/月/季节/早中晚
• 真题:In 2024, in summer, in the morning.(广州)
• 易错:in 接大时间,on 接具体日期。
102 on + 具体日期/星期/早中晚前有修饰
• 真题:On Sunday, on a cold morning.(广州)
• 易错:早中晚前有形容词修饰,用 on 不用 in。
103 at + 时刻/中点/固定搭配
• 真题:At 8 o’clock, at noon, at night.
• 易错:at 接点钟、正午、午夜,固定搭配(at home)。
104 for + 时间段
• 真题:I have lived here for ten years.(广州)
• 易错:for 接“持续多久”,since 接“从何时起”。
105 since + 时间点
• 真题:He has been ill since last week.
• 易错:since + 过去时间点,主句用现在完成时。
106 after + 时间段(过去时)
• 真题:He came back after three days.(过去)
• 易错:after + 时间段 用于过去时,将来时用 in。
107 in + 时间段(将来时)
• 真题:I will come back in three days.(广州)
• 易错:in + 时间段 表“……之后”,只用于将来时。
108 across 横过;through 穿过;over 越过
• 真题:Walk across the street. Go through the forest.
• 易错:across 表面穿过,through 内部穿过。
109 between 两者;among 三者及以上
• 真题:Between you and me. Among the students.
• 易错:between 严格两者,among 三者及以上。
110 except 除…之外(不包含);besides 除…之外(包含)
• 真题:We go to school every day except Sunday.(广州)
• 易错:except 排除,besides 追加(包括在内)。

6. 固定句型(121–130)
121 be busy (in) doing
• 真题:She is busy doing her homework.(广州)
• 易错:in 可省,后接 doing,不接原形。
122 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing
• 真题:I have difficulty finishing the work.
• 易错:difficulty 不可数,后接 doing。
123 stop/prevent/keep sb (from) doing
• 真题:The rain stopped us from going out.(广州)
• 易错:stop/prevent 可省 from,keep 不可省。
124 spend … (in) doing / on sth
• 真题:He spends an hour reading every day.
• 易错:人作主语,spend...on + 名词 / (in) doing。
125 be of + 抽象名词 = be + 形容词
• 真题:It is of importance = It is important.
• 易错:仅限抽象名词(value/use/help)。
126 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句
• 真题:Hurry up, and you’ll catch the bus.(广州)
• 易错:and 表顺承,or 表“否则”。
127 too… to… 太…而不能
• 真题:The boy is too young to go to school.
• 易错:本身表否定,不可再加 not。
128 … enough to… 足够…能
• 真题:He is old enough to look after himself.
• 易错:enough 放形容词后,接 to do。
129 so… that… 如此…以至于
• 真题:It is so hot that we can’t go out.(广州)
• 易错:so + 形容词/副词,such + 名词短语。
130 such… that…
• 真题:It is such a good book that everyone likes it.
• 易错:such a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词。

7. 连词与并列结构(141–150)
141 not only…but also…
• 真题:Not only he but also I am right.(广州)
• 易错:就近原则,谓语动词看靠近的主语。
142 either…or…
• 真题:Either you or he is wrong.
• 易错:就近原则,表“要么…要么…”。
143 neither…nor…
• 真题:Neither he nor I am right.
• 易错:就近原则,表“两者都不”。
144 both…and…
• 真题:Both English and math are important.
• 易错:谓语一定用复数,无就近原则。
145 as well as
• 真题:He as well as his parents likes music.
• 易错:就远原则,谓语看前面主语。
146 not…but…
• 真题:It is not money but love.
• 易错:表“不是…而是…”,连接对等成分。
147 although/though…but 不可连用
• 真题:Although he is old, he works hard.(广州)
• 易错:although/though 不能和 but 同时出现。
148 so…that… / such…that…
• 真题:同上129/130
• 易错:so 修饰形容词/副词,such 修饰名词。
149 so that 目的/结果
• 真题:Get up early so that you can catch the bus.
• 易错:目的状语从句常接 can/may/will。
150 in order to / in order that
• 真题:He got up early in order to catch the bus.
• 易错:in order to + 原形,in order that + 从句。
8. 形容词与副词基础(163–168)
163 不定代词 + 形容词
• 真题:Something important happened.(广州)
• 易错:形容词后置(something/nothing/anything + 形容词)。
164 as + 原级 + as
• 真题:He runs as fast as you.
• 易错:中间必须用形容词/副词原级。
165 not as/so + 原级 + as
• 真题:She is not so careful as her sister.
• 易错:否定句可用 so 替代 as。
166 最高级:the + 最高级 + 范围
• 真题:He is the tallest in his class.(广州)
• 易错:最高级前必须加 the,后接 in/of 范围。
167 one of the + 最高级 + 复数
• 真题:Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities in China.
• 易错:one of 后接 the + 最高级 + 复数名词。
168 否定词 + 比较级 = 最高级
• 真题:Nothing is better = This is the best.
• 易错:否定词(nothing/nobody)+ 比较级表最高级含义。

9. 情态动词基础(181–190)
181 can / could 能力/许可
• 真题:I can swim. Could you help me?(广州)
• 易错:could 表委婉请求,不是过去式。
182 may / might 许可/可能
• 真题:May I come in? It may rain.
• 易错:may 表许可,否定回答用 mustn’t(禁止)。
183 must 必须;mustn’t 禁止
• 真题:You must obey rules. You mustn’t play with fire.
• 易错:must 主观必须,mustn’t 表“严禁”。
184 have to 不得不
• 真题:I have to finish my homework.
• 易错:have to 客观必须,有人称和时态变化。
185 need 需要;needn’t 不必
• 真题:Need I go? No, you needn’t.(广州)
• 易错:need 作情态动词无人称变化,否定 needn’t。
186 should 应该
• 真题:You should study hard.
• 易错:表建议“应该”,语气比 must 弱。
187 had better (not) do
• 真题:You had better go now. You had better not smoke.
• 易错:had better 后接原形,否定在 better 后加 not。
188 would rather do than do
• 真题:I would rather stay at home than go out.
• 易错:would rather + 原形 + than + 原形。
189 cannot but do 不得不
• 真题:I cannot but wait for him.
• 易错:后接动词原形,表“只好、不得不”。
190 can’t help doing 忍不住
• 真题:I can’t help laughing when I see it.(广州)
• 易错:can’t help 后接 doing,表“忍不住”。

10. 动词时态(211–225)
211 一般现在时:do/does
• 真题:He gets up early every day.(广州)
• 易错:第三人称单数加 s/es,常考频率副词(always/often)。
212 一般现在时否定:don’t/doesn’t + do
• 真题:He doesn’t like it.
• 易错:doesn’t 后接动词原形,不可加 s。
213 一般现在时疑问:Do/Does + 主语 + do
• 真题:Does he work hard?
• 易错:Does 后接原形,回答用 Yes, he does.
214 一般过去时:did
• 真题:He went to Beijing last year.(广州)
• 易错:规则动词加 ed,不规则动词需记忆(go-went)。
215 一般过去时否定:didn’t + do
• 真题:He didn’t go to school yesterday.
• 易错:didn’t 后接原形,动词不变化。
216 现在进行时:am/is/are + doing
• 真题:Listen! She is singing.(广州)
• 易错:标志词 look/listen/now,be + doing 缺一不可。
217 过去进行时:was/were + doing
• 真题:At 8 yesterday, I was reading.
• 易错:过去某一时刻正在进行,用 was/were + doing。
218 一般将来时:will/shall do
• 真题:I will go to Shanghai tomorrow.(广州)
• 易错:will 用于所有人称,shall 仅用于 I/we。
219 be going to do 计划/打算
• 真题:I am going to swim this afternoon.
• 易错:表计划、有迹象发生,区别于 will(临时决定)。
220 be about to do 即将
• 真题:The film is about to start.
• 易错:be about to 不与时间状语连用。
221 现在完成时:have/has + done
• 真题:I have finished my homework.(广州)
• 易错:过去动作对现在有影响,用 have/has + 过去分词。
222 现在完成时标志:already/yet/for/since/so far
• 真题:He has lived here for 5 years.
• 易错:for + 时间段,since + 时间点。
223 过去完成时:had + done
• 真题:He had left before I arrived.
• 易错:“过去的过去”,必须有过去动作作参照。
224 现在完成进行时:have/has been doing
• 真题:I have been working for 3 hours.
• 易错:表动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续。
225 过去将来时:would do
• 真题:He said he would come back.
• 易错:从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句。
11. 被动语态基础(261–270)
261 一般现在被动:am/is/are + done
• 真题:English is spoken all over the world.(广州)
• 易错:主语是动作承受者,be + 过去分词。
262 一般过去被动:was/were + done
• 真题:The bridge was built last year.
• 易错:过去时态被动,be 用 was/were。
263 一般将来被动:will be done
• 真题:The work will be finished tomorrow.
• 易错:将来被动 will be + 过去分词。
264 现在进行被动:am/is/are being done
• 真题:The road is being repaired now.
• 易错:进行时被动 be being + 过去分词,双 be 结构。
265 过去进行被动:was/were being done
• 真题:The cake was being made at that time.
• 易错:过去进行被动,being 不可省。
266 现在完成被动:have/has been done
• 真题:The letter has been sent already.
• 易错:完成时被动 have been + 过去分词。
267 过去完成被动:had been done
• 真题:The work had been done before he came.
• 易错:过去完成被动,had been + 过去分词。
268 情态被动:情态 + be done
• 真题:The work must be done on time.(广州)
• 易错:情态动词后接 be + 过去分词。
269 主动表被动:wash/sell/read/write 等
• 真题:The book sells well.
• 易错:主语是物,表属性(好卖、好洗)用主动表被动。
270 be worth doing 主动表被动
• 真题:The film is worth watching.(广州)
• 易错:worth 后接 doing,主动表被动。

12. 状语从句基础(371–380)
371 时间状语:when/while/as/before/after/since/until
• 真题:I was reading when he came in.(广州)
• 易错:when 接瞬间/延续,while 只接延续性动词。
372 not…until…
• 真题:He didn’t come until 10 o’clock.
• 易错:until 前用延续性动词,否定句用瞬间动词。
373 条件状语:if / unless / as long as
• 真题:We will go if it doesn’t rain.(广州)
• 易错:unless = if not,主句将来,从句现在。
374 原因状语:because / since / as
• 真题:He didn’t go because he was ill.
• 易错:because 表直接原因,回答 why。
375 结果状语:so…that… / such…that…
• 真题:同上129/130
• 易错:so 修饰形容词/副词,such 修饰名词。
376 目的状语:so that / in order that
• 真题:He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.
• 易错:目的从句常接 can/may/will。
377 让步状语:though/although/even if/even though
• 真题:Although he is young, he knows a lot.(广州)
• 易错:不可与 but 连用,可与 yet/still 连用。
378 比较状语:as…as… / more…than…
• 真题:He is as tall as his brother.
• 易错:as...as 用原级,more...than 用比较级。
379 方式状语:as if / as though
• 真题:He talks as if he knew everything.
• 易错:常接虚拟语气(与事实不符)。
380 地点状语:where / wherever
• 真题:Put the book where it was.
• 易错:where 引导地点状语从句,不加介词。

13. 特殊句型(中考部分)
391 There be 句型主谓一致
• 真题:There is a pen and two books.(广州)
• 易错:就近原则,be 动词看最近名词。
394 So + 助动词 + 主语(也)
• 真题:He likes English. So do I.
• 易错:表“……也一样”,助动词与前句一致。
395 So + 主语 + 助动词(的确)
• 真题:He works hard. So he does.
• 易错:表“的确如此”,主语与前句一致。
396 Neither/Nor + 助动词 + 主语
• 真题:He can’t swim. Neither can I.
• 易错:表“……也不”,否定含义。
397 It is + 时间段 + since
• 真题:It is 3 years since he left.(广州)
• 易错:since 从句用一般过去时。
398 It won’t be long before…
• 真题:It won’t be long before we meet again.
• 易错:before 从句用一般现在时表将来。
399 prefer to do rather than do
• 真题:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
• 易错:prefer to + 原形 + rather than + 原形。
400 used to do 过去常常;be used to doing 习惯于
• 真题:He used to smoke. He is used to getting up early.(广州)
• 易错:used to + 原形(过去常常);be used to + doing(习惯于)。