一、分析空所在句子,就是句子成分以及词法修饰
1.句型:
(1)主+系+表
系动词包括
be动词(am/is/are was/were)
“变化”类get/turn/become/go/grow
“保持”类 keep/stay/remain
“表象”类seem/appear
感官动词look/sound/smell/taste/feel
表语 由n.或adj.充当 ①表“是” ②表状态
(2)主+谓+宾
①主+谓+宾
②主+谓
③主+谓+介词+宾
④主+谓+宾+宾补
如何区分及物动词和不及物动词:
①及物动词+名词/代词做宾语,如visit
不及物单词+介词+名词/代词做宾语,如work talk
②语法:不及物动词无被动语态
二、单词填空考查类型 v./n./adj./adv./pron./num.
(1)动词
公式1: 谓语→语态(主/被:be done)→时态
①时间状语标志词
②常考:一般现在时/过去式/现在完成时
非谓语 to do 目的
doing 主动
done 被动
★注意:主将从现别忘记(if/unless/as soon as)
语态:介词by是标志;动词及物是关键,主语是物多注意
填单三
①句子有标志词:every day/week/month/year且主语为第三人称单数
②指示代词(this/that)做主语
③主谓一致:neither...nor;the number of修饰主语
④复合不定代词做主语
⑤不可数名词做主语
填过去式
①有明显的表示过去的时间状语的标志词:yesterday;just now; two days ago; last night/week/month/year/term
②动词过去式+and/or+动词过去式
③根据上下文语境和时态
填分词
现在分词 ①be+现在分词,表示进行时
②while引导的时间状语从句
③主从句时态一致,当主句为一般过去时,从句的动作表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作
过去分词 ①be+过去分词,表示被动
②与have/has构成现在完成时
★谓语:进行时态:be+v-ing与非谓doing不要搞混
★谓语:被动:be done与非谓:被动done
★积累动词过去式、过去分词不规则变化
★积累非谓语+to do/doing的动词:
V+to do:wish(希望)/ hope(希望)/decide(决定)/learn(学习)/ promise(答应)/ help(帮助)/agree(同意)/want(想要)/manage(设法完成)/refuse(拒绝)/plan(计划)/expect(期待)/prefer(更喜欢)/can’t wait(等不及)
★省略to 的动词不定式:see/hear/let/have/make sb. (to) do sth.
V+doing:enjoy(喜欢)/practise(练习)/avoid(避免)/give up(放弃)/feel like(想要)/take up(开始从事)/finish(完成)/suggest(建议)/consider(考虑)/be busy(忙于)/be worth(值得)/mind(介意)/imagine(想象)/keep(坚持)/can’t help(忍不住)/end up(结束)/stick to(坚持)
V+to do/doing:
remember/forget to do
remember/forget doing
try to do/try doing
need to do/need doing
regret to do/regret doing
V+sb.+to do:allow(允许)/order(命令)/teach(教)/ask(要求)/want(想要)/invite(邀请)/wish(希望)/encourage(鼓励)/tell(告诉)/warn(警告)/advise(建议)/expect(期待)
非v:词性转换
名词
①句子缺少主语,通常谓语在句首
②句子缺少宾语,谓语动词+名词或挖空处在谓语介词之后
③句子缺少表语,通常位于be动词后
④one of the/a few+可数名词复数
变形规律:
v+er/or/r
dance---dancer drive---driver lead---leader own---owner read---reader report---reporter sing---singer teach---teacher visit---visitor wait---waiter work---worker write---writer win---winner trade---trader travel---traveler perform---performer rule---ruler manage---manager compete---competitor act---actor direct---director invent---inventor create---creator direct---director educate---educator
v.+ment
achieve---achievement agree---agreement disagree---disagreement develop---development move---movement punish---punishment treat---treatment improve---improvement
3.v.+ion/ation或去e+ion/tion/ation
explain---explanation direct---direction collect---collection express---expression predict---prediction correct---correction connect---connection suggest---suggestion discuss-discussion expect---expectation prevent---prevention educate--- education
examine---examination introduce---introduction imagine--- imagination invite---invitation pollute---pollution compete---competition create---creation celebrate---celebration prepare---preparation translate---translation produce---production manage---management instruct---instruction graduate---graduation converse---conversation encourage---encouragement
(2)名词
考虑变复数
★提示词为n.,但空仍填n:变复数
①固定用法:one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数/other+可数名词复数
②some/many/several/those/these/few/a few/all+可数名词复数
③常识类:two feet,socks,chopsticks,scissors等
④大于1的基数词+可数名词复数
⑤可数名词复数+and/or+可数名词复数
⑥a pair of/all kinds of+可数名词复数
填形容词
①形容词+名词
②形容词+and/or+形容词
③be动词/系动词/感官动词+形容词
④复合不定代词+形容词
⑤the +adj.表一类人
变形规律:
n.+y或双鞋最后一个辅音字母+y(尤其一些与天气有关的名词)
cloud---cloudy fog---foggy health---healthy luck---lucky sun---sunny snow---snowy sleep---sleepy rain---rainy wind---windy
n.+al或去e+al
education---educational nation---national person---personal centre---central
culture---cultural nature---natural tradition---traditional music---musical
n.+ful
wonder---wonderful color---colorful meaning---meaningful harm---harmful
peace---peaceful use---useful help---helpful success---successful beauty---beautiful pain---painful
n.+ous
danger---dangerous
(3)形容词、副词
★积累①提示词为adj.,直接变adv.的词:quick/final/sudden/exact/clear/polite/slow/complete/careful/
deep/gradual/bad/wide/wise/careful/polite/impolite/
loud/quite/serious/cheap/beautiful/successful/main
personal/peaceful/normal
②去e+ly:true
③把y变为i+ly:happy/heavy/angry/easy/lucky
④以le结尾的形容词,变e为y:simple/terrible/possible/probable
填副词
①v+adv/adv+v
②adv+adj.
③adv+句子/句子+adv.
填比较级
①上下文语境
②含标志词than,much,even,far,a little等
③the+比较级,the+比较级
④比较级+and/or+比较级
填最高级
①上下文语境
②含标志词in China,in the world,of all等
③one of the+形容词最高级
④the+序数词+最高级
填名词
①冠词a/an/the+名词
②形容词性物主代词+名词
③名词+谓语动词/系动词/情态动词
④介词+名词
变形规律:
n.+ist
art---artist tour---tourist piano---pianist violin---violinist science---scientist
n.+ian
music---musician magic---magician Africa---African America---American
Asia---Asian Australia---Australian
(4)代词主格/名词性物主代词+动词/系动词动词/介词+宾格/名词性物主代词/反身代词系动词+宾格/名词性物主代词/反身代词形容词性物主代词+名词反身代词相关短语:enjoy oneself玩得愉快
help oneself(to)自用(食物)
dress oneself自己穿衣服teach oneself(=learn by oneself)自学
hurt oneself伤了某人自己lose oneself (in)沉溺于......
believe in oneself相信某人自己
by oneself独自
for oneself为了某人自己
look after oneself照顾某人自己
take care of oneself照顾某人自己(5)数词填序数词
①the+序数词+名词②形容词性物主代词+序数词+默写填副词
①once/twice a day/week/month/year②v+once/twice