中考英语冲刺——语法填空,绝不能丢分!

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中考英语冲刺——语法填空,绝不能丢分!

一、分析空所在句子,就是句子成分以及词法修饰

1.句型:

(1)主+系+表 

系动词包括 

be动词(am/is/are was/were)

“变化”类get/turn/become/go/grow 

“保持”类 keep/stay/remain

“表象”类seem/appear

感官动词look/sound/smell/taste/feel

表语 由n.或adj.充当     ①表“是” ②表状态

(2)主+谓+宾 

 ①主+谓+宾

 ②主+谓

 ③主+谓+介词+宾

 ④主+谓+宾+宾补

如何区分及物动词和不及物动词:

①及物动词+名词/代词做宾语,如visit 

    不及物单词+介词+名词/代词做宾语,如work  talk

②语法:不及物动词无被动语态

二、单词填空考查类型 v./n./adj./adv./pron./num.

(1)动词

公式1: 谓语→语态(主/被:be done)→时态 

                ①时间状语标志词  

                ②常考:一般现在时/过去式/现在完成时  

           非谓语 to do 目的

                      doing 主动

                      done 被动

★注意:主将从现别忘记(if/unless/as soon as)

语态:介词by是标志;动词及物是关键,主语是物多注意

填单三

①句子有标志词:every day/week/month/year且主语为第三人称单数

②指示代词(this/that)做主语

③主谓一致:neither...nor;the number of修饰主语

④复合不定代词做主语

⑤不可数名词做主语

填过去式

①有明显的表示过去的时间状语的标志词:yesterday;just now; two days ago; last night/week/month/year/term

②动词过去式+and/or+动词过去式

③根据上下文语境和时态

填分词

现在分词 ①be+现在分词,表示进行时

               ②while引导的时间状语从句

              ③主从句时态一致,当主句为一般过去时,从句的动作表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作

过去分词    ①be+过去分词,表示被动            

                  ②与have/has构成现在完成时

★谓语:进行时态:be+v-ing与非谓doing不要搞混

★谓语:被动:be done与非谓:被动done

★积累动词过去式、过去分词不规则变化

★积累非谓语+to do/doing的动词:

V+to do:wish(希望)/ hope(希望)/decide(决定)/learn(学习)/ promise(答应)/ help(帮助)/agree(同意)/want(想要)/manage(设法完成)/refuse(拒绝)/plan(计划)/expect(期待)/prefer(更喜欢)/can’t wait(等不及)

★省略to 的动词不定式:see/hear/let/have/make sb. (to) do sth.

V+doing:enjoy(喜欢)/practise(练习)/avoid(避免)/give up(放弃)/feel like(想要)/take up(开始从事)/finish(完成)/suggest(建议)/consider(考虑)/be busy(忙于)/be worth(值得)/mind(介意)/imagine(想象)/keep(坚持)/can’t help(忍不住)/end up(结束)/stick to(坚持)

V+to do/doing:

remember/forget to do

remember/forget doing

try to do/try doing

need to do/need doing

regret to do/regret doing

V+sb.+to do:allow(允许)/order(命令)/teach(教)/ask(要求)/want(想要)/invite(邀请)/wish(希望)/encourage(鼓励)/tell(告诉)/warn(警告)/advise(建议)/expect(期待)

非v:词性转换

名词

①句子缺少主语,通常谓语在句首

②句子缺少宾语,谓语动词+名词或挖空处在谓语介词之后

③句子缺少表语,通常位于be动词后

④one of the/a few+可数名词复数

变形规律:

v+er/or/r

dance---dancer drive---driver lead---leader own---owner read---reader report---reporter sing---singer teach---teacher visit---visitor wait---waiter work---worker write---writer win---winner trade---trader travel---traveler perform---performer rule---ruler manage---manager compete---competitor act---actor direct---director invent---inventor create---creator direct---director educate---educator    

v.+ment

achieve---achievement agree---agreement disagree---disagreement develop---development move---movement punish---punishment treat---treatment improve---improvement   

3.v.+ion/ation或去e+ion/tion/ation

explain---explanation direct---direction collect---collection express---expression predict---prediction correct---correction connect---connection suggest---suggestion discuss-discussion expect---expectation prevent---prevention educate--- education

examine---examination introduce---introduction imagine--- imagination invite---invitation pollute---pollution compete---competition create---creation celebrate---celebration prepare---preparation translate---translation produce---production manage---management instruct---instruction graduate---graduation converse---conversation encourage---encouragement         

(2)名词

考虑变复数

★提示词为n.,但空仍填n:变复数

①固定用法:one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数/other+可数名词复数

②some/many/several/those/these/few/a few/all+可数名词复数

③常识类:two feet,socks,chopsticks,scissors等

④大于1的基数词+可数名词复数

⑤可数名词复数+and/or+可数名词复数

⑥a pair of/all kinds of+可数名词复数

填形容词

          ①形容词+名词

          ②形容词+and/or+形容词

          ③be动词/系动词/感官动词+形容词

          ④复合不定代词+形容词

          ⑤the +adj.表一类人

变形规律:

n.+y或双鞋最后一个辅音字母+y(尤其一些与天气有关的名词)

cloud---cloudy fog---foggy health---healthy luck---lucky sun---sunny snow---snowy sleep---sleepy rain---rainy wind---windy

n.+al或去e+al

education---educational nation---national person---personal centre---central

culture---cultural nature---natural tradition---traditional music---musical   

n.+ful

wonder---wonderful color---colorful meaning---meaningful harm---harmful

peace---peaceful use---useful help---helpful success---successful beauty---beautiful pain---painful

n.+ous

danger---dangerous

(3)形容词、副词

★积累①提示词为adj.,直接变adv.的词:quick/final/sudden/exact/clear/polite/slow/complete/careful/

deep/gradual/bad/wide/wise/careful/polite/impolite/

loud/quite/serious/cheap/beautiful/successful/main

personal/peaceful/normal

②去e+ly:true

③把y变为i+ly:happy/heavy/angry/easy/lucky

④以le结尾的形容词,变e为y:simple/terrible/possible/probable

填副词 

①v+adv/adv+v

②adv+adj.

③adv+句子/句子+adv.

填比较级

①上下文语境

②含标志词than,much,even,far,a little等

③the+比较级,the+比较级

④比较级+and/or+比较级

填最高级

①上下文语境

②含标志词in China,in the world,of all等

③one of the+形容词最高级

④the+序数词+最高级

填名词

①冠词a/an/the+名词

②形容词性物主代词+名词

③名词+谓语动词/系动词/情态动词

④介词+名词

变形规律:

n.+ist

art---artist tour---tourist piano---pianist violin---violinist science---scientist

n.+ian

music---musician magic---magician Africa---African America---American

Asia---Asian Australia---Australian

(4)代词主格/名词性物主代词+动词/系动词动词/介词+宾格/名词性物主代词/反身代词系动词+宾格/名词性物主代词/反身代词形容词性物主代词+名词反身代词相关短语:enjoy oneself玩得愉快 

help oneself(to)自用(食物)

dress oneself自己穿衣服teach oneself(=learn by oneself)自学  

hurt oneself伤了某人自己lose oneself (in)沉溺于......

believe in oneself相信某人自己  

by oneself独自   

for oneself为了某人自己

look after oneself照顾某人自己   

take care of oneself照顾某人自己(5)数词填序数词 

①the+序数词+名词②形容词性物主代词+序数词+默写填副词  

①once/twice a day/week/month/year②v+once/twice

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