Many see friendships as a comfort blanket: a shoulder to cry on, a reliable soul to confide in. However, more often than not, in our eagerness to seek individual success, we lose friends along the way and that has become part of the process.许多人将友谊视为一张安抚毯：一个可以倚靠哭泣的肩膀，一个可以倾诉衷肠的可靠灵魂。然而，在我们急于追求个人成功的路上，往往会一路失去朋友，而这已成为成功过程的一部分。The chaos and never-ending turmoil that accompanies everyday life is an aggressive obstacle in the pursuit of stable friendships. As students, we use this excuse to shrug off losing people who we once thought to be loved ones.日常生活中伴随而来的混乱与无尽纷扰，是追求稳固友谊的一大阻碍。作为学生，我们用这个借口，对失去曾经视为挚爱的人满不在乎。Instead of viewing our lives as a race, where everyone is on their own path to some form of success, we must relearn to value the connections we make along the track. We must reevaluate the harm of radical, individual freedom.我们不应将人生视作一场赛跑，每个人都独自奔向某种成功，相反，我们必须重新学会珍视人生道路上结下的情谊。我们必须重新审视极端个人自由的危害。Radical individualism elevates the freedom of the individual over the collective. It argues, for instance, that universal healthcare, an example of collectivism, threatened the dream of many Americans.极端个人主义将个人自由置于集体利益之上。例如，它认为全民医保这种集体主义做法，威胁到了许多美国人的梦想。Many of us have fallen victim to an individualistic culture. Society tends to celebrate personal achievement and commend it based on the assumption that winning or succeeding is a consequence of working harder than the next person.我们许多人都已成为个人主义文化的受害者。社会倾向于颂扬个人成就，并基于这样一种假设称赞个人成就：获胜或成功是比他人更努力的结果。As a society, we idolize the concept of “losing friends on the road to success”. I remember hearing in high school, “Don't worry about losing friendships, just focus on study and getting into college. That's all that will matter in the long run,” a sentiment that is not unique to my experience. It's preached in many success stories, and it's embedded in the way we see growth. Motivational speakers will push their audience to be complacent to the inevitable end of losing friends. Spend too much time with friends? You're losing time better utilized on your achievements. Invest time in your relationships? Invest time in your work instead.作为一个社会，我们崇拜“成功路上失去朋友”这一观念。我记得高中时就听过这样的话：“别担心失去友谊，专心学习考上大学就行，从长远来看这才是最重要的。”这种观点并非我独有。许多成功故事都在宣扬它，也深深植根于我们对成长的认知中。励志演讲者会鼓动听众坦然接受失去朋友这一必然结果。花太多时间和朋友相处？你是在浪费本可以用来成就自我的时间。花时间经营人际关系？不如把时间花在工作上。This constant need to succeed has blinded us from seeing through the whirlwind of change that accompanies our everyday lives. We are expected to tangibly succeed, earn awards, get higher positions, earn better grades. In order to succeed, we lose friends, and that has sadly become normalized.这种对成功的持续执念，让我们无法看透日常生活中瞬息万变的变革。我们被期望取得实实在在的成功、赢得奖项、获得更高职位、取得更好成绩。为了成功，我们失去朋友，而令人悲哀的是，这已成为常态。We cannot be complacent with losing friendships because they are our anchors.我们不能对失去友谊满不在乎，因为友谊是我们的精神支柱。Yes, pursue success. Challenge yourself. Push limits. But contrary to all the self-proclaimed success experts, doing it alone does not make you more successful or any better than someone who achieved it with the help of others.没错，追求成功，挑战自我，突破极限。但与所有自封的成功学专家所说的相反，孤军奋战并不会让你比那些在他人帮助下取得成功的人更成功、更优秀。Put effort into fostering healthy relationships, and maintaining them through your busy schedule that seems like it leaves no time for anyone else. Although we may be living in a society that treasures the independent pursuit of achievement, having people to support and love you on the way is far more important than any end result.努力培养健康的人际关系，并在看似无暇顾及他人的忙碌日程中维系它们。尽管我们身处一个崇尚独立追求成就的社会，但在前进路上有人支持你、爱你，远比任何最终结果都重要。
题目及解析
46.What often happens when people are eager to pursue individual success?•题目翻译：当人们急于追求个人成功时，通常会发生什么？A) 他们缺少可以倚靠哭泣的肩膀。B) 他们没有可以倾诉衷肠的灵魂。C) 他们找不到可靠的朋友。D) 他们忽视与朋友的联系。•定位：根据题干关键词are eager to pursue individual success可定位到第一段第二句。•解析：第一段第二句明确指出，在急于追求个人成功的路上，人们往往会一路失去朋友，这意味着他们忽视了与朋友的联系，故选项D正确。选项A、B、C描述的是没有朋友的状态，而原文是失去朋友的过程，故排除。47.What does the author advise people to do in their pursuit of radical individualism?•题目翻译：对于追求极端个人主义，作者建议人们做什么？A) 重新审视其有害影响。B) 对失去挚爱之人满不在乎。C) 避免其中涉及的混乱与纷扰。D) 清除路上的巨大阻碍。•定位：根据题干关键词radical individualism可定位到第三段第二句。•解析：第三段第二句指出，我们必须重新审视极端个人自由的危害，故选项A正确。选项B是作者批判的行为，选项C、D是原文细节词汇拼凑的干扰项，故排除。48.What is American society's assumption of personal achievement?•题目翻译：美国社会对个人成就的假设是什么？A) 它理应得到颂扬和高度称赞。B) 它是实现个人梦想的可靠途径。C) 它围绕个人主义文化展开。D) 它反映了一个人非凡的努力。•定位：根据题干关键词assumption of personal achievement可定位到第五段第二句。•解析：第五段第二句提到，社会基于这样一种假设称赞个人成就：获胜或成功是比他人更努力的结果，故选项D正确。选项A是社会行为而非假设，选项B、C原文未提及，故排除。
49.What is preached in many success stories?
•题目翻译：许多成功故事宣扬什么？A) 在成功路上重视学业收获。B) 把时间花在工作上而非与朋友交往。C) 在追求个人成功时尽力巩固友谊。D) 学业优异以考入名牌大学。•定位：根据题干关键词preached in many success stories可定位到第六段。•解析：第六段指出，成功故事宣扬“别担心失去友谊，专心学习”，并反问“花时间经营人际关系？不如把时间花在工作上”，故选项B正确。选项A、D是具体例子，选项C与原文观点相反，故排除。
50.What can we infer from the passage regarding the pursuit of success?
•题目翻译：关于追求成功，我们可以从文章中推断出什么？A) 没有人不突破极限就能成功。B) 没有人能承担得起忽视挚友的代价。C) 集体主义优于个人主义。D) 成功学专家往往会把人引向毁灭。•定位：根据题干关键词infer from the passage可定位全文。•解析：全文强调友谊是精神支柱，不能忽视，否则会付出代价，故选项B正确。选项A原文未提及，选项C过度推断，选项D无依据，故排除。
During his acceptance speech for the Nobel Peace Prize, Martin Luther King Jr, said, “I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality.”马丁·路德·金在诺贝尔和平奖获奖演说中表示：“我相信，无需武力的真理和无条件的爱，终将在现实中占据主导。”More than five decades later, our society is still struggling to separate truth from fantasy, fact from fiction. From disputes over the climate change to debates about how slavery is taught, America is at a crossroads. And the battle for equity is at the heart of these vital conversations.五十多年后，我们的社会仍在努力辨别虚实、区分真伪。从气候变化的争论到奴隶制教学方式的辩论，美国正处于十字路口。而对公平的追求，是这些关键对话的核心。Study after study shows that inequity has had appalling consequences. A 2020 report by Citi indicated that “Black students could have increased their lifetime incomes 113 billion” if equity issues related to higher education had been adequately addressed over the past two decades.诸多研究表明，不公平已造成触目惊心的后果。花旗银行2020年的一份报告指出，如果过去二十年高等教育相关的公平问题得到妥善解决，“黑人学生的终身收入本可以增加900亿至1130亿美元”。This statistic represents a flood of issues we've failed to confront as a nation. It also highlights one truth: We're missing out on valuable opportunities to bridge the differences that divide us. However, by honoring King's legacy, we can get our country back on the path toward true equity.这一数据背后，是我们整个国家始终未能正视的一系列问题。它也揭示了一个真相：我们正在错失弥合分歧的宝贵机遇。然而，传承马丁·路德·金的精神遗产，我们就能让国家重新踏上通往真正公平的道路。Students—and adults for that matter—simply cannot understand the conflicts we have today without understanding what caused them in the first place. That means we have a responsibility to help them make connections between U.S. history and current events. It also means giving them the tools they need to address inequity and bias in their own lives. Adherence to these principles, along with a commitment to truthful dialogue, can help every student better appreciate how far we've come and more clearly see the roads we have yet to travel.学生们——其实成年人亦是如此——若不追溯当下冲突的根源，就根本无法真正理解这些冲突。这意味着我们有责任帮助他们建立美国历史与当下时事之间的联系。这也意味着要为他们提供在生活中应对不公与偏见所需的方法。坚守这些原则，并致力于真诚对话，能帮助每个学生更深刻地认识我们一路走来的历程，更清晰地看到前方尚待跋涉的道路。With more truthful analysis of the need for more qualified, diverse educators, we can improve our recruiting, training, and retention strategies for schools across the country.通过更切实地分析对高素质、多元化教育工作者的需求，我们可以完善全国各级学校的招聘、培养与师资留存策略。Unfortunately, our deeply rooted divisions are delaying these advancements. A recent survey found that 77 percent of Americans believe the nation is “more divided than ever before”. But reports of increased polarization shouldn't persuade us to look away from one another. Instead, they should compel us to address our shared issues head-on.令人遗憾的是，我们根深蒂固的分歧正阻碍着这些进步。近期一项调查发现，77%的美国人认为国家“处于前所未有的分裂状态”。但两极分化加剧的现状，不应成为我们彼此疏离的理由。相反，它们应迫使我们直面共同的问题。We are not, as some would suggest, living in a “post-racial society”. We simply cannot afford to keep our heads buried in the sand when it comes to racial inequity. Unless we get honest about intolerance, bias, and how these social diseases impact the ways we treat one another, injustice will continue to haunt us. But our children and our grandchildren deserve better.我们并非如某些人所说，生活在一个“后种族社会”。面对种族不公，我们绝不能再视而不见。除非我们坦诚正视不宽容与偏见，以及这些社会弊病如何影响我们对待彼此的方式，否则不公将继续困扰我们。但我们的子孙后代理应拥有更美好的未来。On this Martin Luther King Day and beyond, let's commit to working together to disrupt the status quo. Let's continue to build a better, more inclusive nation; and in the words of Martin Luther King Jr., “A society at peace with itself, a society that can live with its conscience.”值此马丁·路德·金纪念日，以及未来的岁月里，让我们承诺共同努力打破僵化的现状。让我们继续建设一个更美好、更具包容性的国家；正如马丁·路德·金所言：“一个内部和睦共处，且能恪守良知的社会。”
题目及解析
51.What does the author think about today's America?•题目翻译：作者如何看待当今的美国？A) 它正竭力将虚构转化为现实。B) 它已成为许多关键对话的焦点。C) 要真正实现公平，它仍任重道远。D) 它已到了人们几乎在所有问题上都存在分歧的地步。•定位：根据题干关键词today's America可定位到第二段。•解析：第二段指出美国仍在辨别虚实，公平追求是核心议题，第三段用数据说明不公平的后果，说明实现公平仍有很长的路要走，故选项C正确。选项A曲解原文，选项B是现象而非核心观点，选项D过于绝对，故排除。52.What do we learn from the passage about black students in the past 20 years?•题目翻译：从文章中我们了解到过去二十年黑人学生的什么信息？A) 他们在高等教育方面受到了不公对待。B) 他们一直在奋力解决公平问题。C) 他们将终身收入提高了数十亿美元。D) 他们开始意识到种族歧视的后果。•定位：根据题干关键词black students in the past 20 years可定位到第三段。•解析：第三段提到若高等教育公平问题解决，黑人学生收入本可大幅增加，反向说明他们遭受不公，故选项A正确。选项B原文未提及，选项C与原文虚拟语气矛盾，选项D无依据，故排除。53.How can Americans bridge the differences that divide them?•题目翻译：美国人如何弥合他们之间的分歧？A) 通过处理他们面临的棘手问题。B) 通过抓住每一个促进种族和谐的机会。C) 通过继续追寻马丁·路德·金的事业。D) 通过努力识别极其宝贵的机遇。•定位：根据题干关键词bridge the differences可定位到第四段。•解析：第四段最后一句指出，传承马丁·路德·金的精神遗产，就能让国家重回公平道路，弥合分歧，故选项C正确。选项A过于宽泛，选项B、D无依据，故排除。54.How do most Americans view America as a nation according to a recent survey?•题目翻译：根据近期一项调查，大多数美国人如何看待美国这个国家？A) 它被迫解决历史遗留的社会问题。B) 它在推进种族平等的进程中不断拖延。C) 它避免了自身的两极分化。D) 它的分裂程度日益加剧。•定位：根据题干关键词most Americans和a recent survey可定位到第七段。•解析：第七段明确提到，77%的美国人认为国家处于前所未有的分裂状态，故选项D正确。选项A、B是作者观点，选项C与原文相反，故排除。55.What does the author suggest Americans do?•题目翻译：作者建议美国人做什么？A) 保障子孙后代的福祉。B) 共同努力解决国家的公平问题。C) 抑制他们的不宽容与歧视。D) 恢复社会秩序，建设和谐国家。•定位：根据题干关键词author suggest Americans do可定位到最后两段。•解析：倒数第二段和最后一段呼吁正视种族不公，共同努力打破现状，解决公平问题，故选项B正确。选项A是目标，选项C不全面，选项D是愿景，故排除。
As interdependent beings we cannot thrive independent of others. We like to work with people who are like-minded, with whom we share a common interest, or who also believe in a cause we are serious about. This is evident in how we have organised ourselves into various collective groups such as nations, regions, communities, organisations, and families.作为相互依存的个体，我们无法脱离他人而蓬勃发展。我们喜欢与志同道合、有共同兴趣，或同样坚信我们所重视之事的人共事。这一点在我们将自己组织成各种集合体的方式中很明显，比如国家、地区、社区、组织和家庭。Does the group you belong to have a strong collective consciousness or shared beliefs? Is there interdependence among its members? Do you consider this group a significant part of your existence? If your answers are affirmative, then you are experiencing a micro version of solidarity.你所在的群体是否拥有强烈的集体意识或共同信仰？群体成员之间是否存在相互依存的关系？你是否认为这个群体是你生活中重要的一部分？如果你的答案都是肯定的，那么你正体验着一种微观层面的团结。What is solidarity? Its simplest definition in the dictionary is: “…a unifying opinion, feeling, purpose or interest among a group of people.”何为团结？词典中最简明的定义是：“一群人之间统一的观点、情感、目标或利益。”In this increasingly diverse society we live in, solidarity takes on a complex and multifaceted character as it forms bonds of interdependence among unique individuals living in a fast-changing environment and working within a complex division of labour.在我们所处的这个日益多元化的社会中，团结呈现出复杂而多面的特征。它在独特的个体之间建立了相互依存的纽带，这些个体生活在快速变化的环境中，并且在复杂的分工体系下工作。One facet of solidarity fits well with the principles of communitarianism. In this setting, individuals give up their own interests to serve the common good. However, its strict adherence to social cohesiveness and exclusiveness restricts expression and practice of individual differences and preferences. Consequently, individuality and autonomy is sacrificed to maintain the unity of the group.团结的一个层面与社群主义的原则十分契合。在这种情境下，个体放弃自身利益以服务公共利益。然而，社群主义对社会凝聚力和排他性的严格遵循，限制了个体差异与偏好的表达和实践。因此，为了维护群体的统一性，个性与自主性便被牺牲了。Solidarity is also viewed as a reaction to the extreme emphasis on individualism and freedom of choice. It goes against the liberal idea of unrestricted individuals who see society as a hindrance to their freedom to make choices and to act according to what is good for them regardless of how these will affect others.团结也被视为对极端个人主义和选择自由的一种反对。它反对不受限制的个人所持的自由主义理念，这些人将社会视为阻碍他们自由选择和按照自身利益行事的绊脚石，完全不考虑自身行为会对他人造成何种影响。But despite its many facets, social theorists have viewed solidarity as a key factor in bringing about order and progress in society. They believe that for human society to survive as it becomes more diverse, more new bonds need to be formed based on the differences. In the light of this, they regard a genuine solidarity as more than just shallow relationships based on common interests. Solidarity is not just a product of strategic calculations of how much it will benefit the self. It is not an exclusive class founded on the you-and-me-against-the-world principle. Rather, it is inclusive and is not forced. Acting out of solidarity means supporting and standing up for each other—in recognition that one's fate is in the fate of the other. It is a bond characterised by cooperative practices and strengthened by the concern for the well-being of others or the common good. It fights for the protection of human dignity and listens to and acts on the cries of the most vulnerable.尽管团结具有多面性，但社会理论家们仍将其视为推动社会秩序与进步的关键因素。他们认为，随着人类社会日益多元化，要想存续，就需要基于差异建立更多新的纽带。鉴于此，他们认为真正的团结不仅仅是基于共同利益的肤浅关系。团结不仅仅是人们战略性盘算其能为自身带来多少利益的产物。它也不是一个基于“你我联手对抗全世界”原则的排他性小团体。相反，它是包容的，且并非强迫的。出于团结而行动，意味着相互支持、彼此声援——承认一个人的命运与另一个人的命运息息相关。这种纽带以合作实践为特征，并通过关怀他人福祉或共同利益而得到强化。它为捍卫人类尊严而战，倾听并回应最弱势群体的呼声。
题目及解析
46.What does the author say about human beings?•题目翻译：作者对人类有何论述？A) 人类若不相互合作便无法繁荣。B) 人类拥有共同兴趣并信奉正义事业。C) 人类在不同的社会群体中有着相似的思维和行为方式。D) 人类不通过斗争就无法获得独立。•定位：根据题干关键词human beings可定位到第一段第一句。•解析：第一段第一句指出，作为相互依存的个体，我们无法脱离他人而蓬勃发展，即不合作就无法繁荣，故选项A正确。选项B范围过大，选项C、D原文未提及，故排除。47.What do we learn about solidarity in an increasingly diverse society?•题目翻译：在日益多元化的社会中，我们对团结有何认识？A) 它催生了复杂的分工体系。B) 它涉及诸多极其复杂的层面。C) 它随着环境变化将个体凝聚在一起。D) 它包容不同个体的特征。•定位：根据题干关键词increasingly diverse society可定位到第四段第一句。•解析：第四段第一句明确指出，在日益多元化的社会中，团结呈现出复杂而多面的特征，故选项B正确。选项A因果倒置，选项C、D不是核心特征，故排除。48.What would we witness in the setting of communitarianism?•题目翻译：在社群主义情境下，我们会看到什么？A) 社会规范的统治与个性的摒弃。B) 强调对个体差异的坚持。C) 为公共利益牺牲个人利益。D) 消除个人主义与个人选择。•定位：根据题干关键词communitarianism可定位到第五段第二句。•解析：第五段第二句指出，在社群主义情境下，个体放弃自身利益以服务公共利益，故选项C正确。选项A无依据，选项B与原文相反，选项D过于绝对，故排除。49.What does solidarity entail according to the passage?•题目翻译：根据文章内容，团结意味着什么？A) 对个人差异的限制。B) 对个人主义的反对。C) 对社会进步的阻碍。D) 对自由追求的必然终结。•定位：根据题干关键词solidarity entail可定位到第六段第一句。•解析：第六段第一句指出，团结被视为对极端个人主义和选择自由的一种反对，故选项B正确。选项A是社群主义下的特点，选项C与原文相反，选项D过于绝对，故排除。50.What do social theorists think of solidarity?•题目翻译：社会理论家如何看待团结？A) 它与最弱势群体尤其相关。B) 它在保护人类尊严方面最为有效。C) 它对社会进步与秩序至关重要。D) 它对于避免肤浅关系必不可少。•定位：根据题干关键词social theorists可定位到最后一段第一句。•解析：最后一段第一句指出，社会理论家将团结视为推动社会秩序与进步的关键因素，故选项C正确。选项A、B是具体表现，选项D过度推断，故排除。
People who repeatedly give unwanted advice can be well-meaning and genuinely want to help. Others might do this out of a sense of self-worth around the ability to influence others. One study found that people with a high tendency to seek power were more likely to give advice than those with an opposite tendency.有些人总是反复给出别人并不想听的建议，这或许是出于好意，真心想提供帮助。而另一些人这么做，则可能是出于一种通过影响他人来获得自我价值感的心态。一项研究发现，相比于权力欲较弱的人，权力欲较强的人更爱主动给出建议。Under the guise of unselfishness, people may be driven to give you unwanted advice because it makes them feel powerful or in control. They may not be fully aware of this drive, however.这些人往往打着无私的幌子把建议强加给你，背后的驱动力其实是想借此获得掌控感，彰显自身权力。不过，他们自己可能并没有完全意识到这一点。These people may also display a problematic degree of emotional vulnerability, becoming upset very quickly, and taking a long time to calm down. It is possible that their emotions were only validated in childhood when they were at their loudest, encouraging them to adopt responses to discomfort that are excessive in most situations.这类人还可能表现出过度的情绪脆弱问题：他们很容易心烦意乱，并且需要很长时间才能平复情绪。这或许是因为他们在童年时期，只有通过大哭大闹的方式，才能让自己的情绪得到关注和认可，这种成长经历让他们养成了习惯，在大多数情况下，遇到不顺心的事，都会做出过激反应。When someone is giving advice in order to make themselves feel more powerful, there is underlying anxiety to their behavior that recipients of the advice tend to notice. It can be tempting in this situation to react harshly to the advice giver and to accuse them of being manipulative, but this approach might produce an undesirable result.当有人为了让自己感到更有权力而向你提建议时，其背后往往隐藏着焦虑情绪，而这也通常会被听建议的人察觉到。这种情况下，你很容易忍不住对这个提出建议的人做出强硬的回应，指责对方在操控你，但这种做法可能会适得其反。If the act of giving advice is contributing actively to someone's feelings of self-worth, an outright rejection may be perceived as a threat, activating their fight-or-flight response, possibly causing them to double down on their validation-seeking behavior, or leading to a larger conflict.如果提建议这件事是支撑某人自我价值感的重要来源，那么直截了当地拒绝就会被他们视作一种威胁。这会触发他们的“战斗或逃跑反应”，可能会让他们变本加厉地寻求自我认可，甚至引发更大的冲突。The key is to validate without over-identifying. You can let them know that you have heard them and appreciate where they are coming from without taking on the potentially damaging narrative that you could not have gotten by without their help. You had better say something like, “Thanks for the idea. I have my own plan for handling this, but I really appreciate your perspective and will take it into consideration. Can I let you know when I need help in the future?”关键的应对原则是认可对方的心意，但不必过度认同其观点。你可以让对方知道，你已经听取了他们的建议，也理解他们的出发点，同时也不必接受“没有他们的帮助你就无法解决问题”这种可能产生负面影响的说法。最好这样说：“谢谢你的提议。我已经有了自己的处理方案，但很感谢你提供的角度，我会考虑的。以后需要帮忙的话，我再跟你说，可以吗？”If you have trouble setting boundaries tactfully, prioritize working on your own ability to self-regulate. As uncomfortable as it may make you continuously receiving unwanted advice, if you can respond with compassion, the situation will likely diffuse much faster.如果你不擅长巧妙地设立边界，那就优先锻炼自己的情绪调节能力。尽管频繁收到别人自作主张的建议会让你感到不适，但如果能以同情的态度回应，局面可能会更快平息。Though it is usually not the intended outcome of giving unsolicited advice, many who receive it often feel stressed, offended, or simply annoyed by unwanted suggestions. Setting a boundary in this regard, if you feel you need one, is perfectly reasonable and something that can bring you increased emotional safety.尽管那些自作主张的提议通常并非提议者有意为之，但很多听建议的人总会因为这些自作主张的意见而感到压力，被冒犯，或者只是心生厌烦。如果觉得有必要，针对这种情况设立边界是完全合理的做法，这能让你获得更强的情绪安全感。It is best to set boundaries in a way that takes into account the individual's underlying reasons for doing what they are doing to avoid unnecessary conflict and more stress.设立边界时，最好考虑到对方之所以这么做的深层原因。这样可以避免不必要的冲突，减少更多的压力。
题目及解析
51.What is the finding of one study about people who keep giving unsolicited advice?•题目翻译：关于那些不断给出自作主张建议的人，一项研究发现了什么？A) 他们事实证明是出于好意。B) 他们确实心地善良。C) 他们具备影响他人的能力。D) 他们往往渴望获得权力。•定位：根据题干关键词one study可定位到第一段最后一句。•解析：第一段最后一句指出，权力欲较强的人更爱主动给出建议，故选项D正确。选项A、B是部分人的动机，不是研究发现，选项C无依据，故排除。52.What is the problem with people who are driven to give you unsolicited advice?•题目翻译：那些不由自主地给予你自作主张建议的人存在什么问题？A) 他们可能很快惹恼别人。B) 他们可能情绪十分脆弱。C) 他们想让自己的声音最为响亮。D) 他们面对不适的反应过于强烈。•定位：根据题干关键词problem with people可定位到第三段第一句。•解析：第三段第一句指出，这类人可能表现出过度的情绪脆弱问题，故选项B正确。选项A是结果，选项C是童年原因，选项D是具体表现，故排除。53.What is the advice receiver tempted to do when noticing the advice giver's underlying anxiety?•题目翻译：当注意到提议者潜在的焦虑时，听建议的人忍不住做什么事？A) 指出对方这种做法会适得其反。B) 毫不掩饰地拒绝对方的建议。C) 截穿对方的真实动机。D) 指责对方试图操控别人。•定位：根据题干关键词advice receiver tempted to do可定位到第四段第二句。•解析：第四段第二句指出，听建议的人很容易指责对方在操控自己，故选项D正确。选项A是结果，选项B是后续行为，选项C无依据，故排除。54.How is the advice giver likely to react to the rejection of their advice?•题目翻译：提议者对其建议被拒绝可能作何反应？A) 他们可能会将其视为一种威胁。B) 他们可能会调整自己的行为。C) 他们会做好准备应对更大的冲突。D) 他们会开始怀疑自己的自我价值。•定位：根据题干关键词react to the rejection可定位到第五段第一句。•解析：第五段第一句指出，直截了当地拒绝会被他们视作一种威胁，故选项A正确。选项B与原文相反，选项C是后续可能，选项D无依据，故排除。55.What should the advice receiver do to avoid unnecessary conflict?•题目翻译：听建议的人应该如何避免不必要的冲突？A) 承认对方的建议完全合理。B) 说明自己不采纳建议的原因。C) 理解对方提出建议的原因。D) 解释自己选择的应对所处境况的方式。•定位：根据题干关键词avoid unnecessary conflict可定位到最后一段。•解析：最后一段指出，设立边界时最好考虑对方的深层原因，即理解对方提建议的动机，故选项C正确。选项A与原文相反，选项B、D是具体话术，不是核心方法，故排除。
Mindfulness has been shown to have a number of meaningful health benefits—it can help reduce anxiety and promote healing in those suffering from chronic illness.“正念”已被证实具有诸多显著的健康益处——能帮助减轻焦虑，促进慢性病患者康复。The practice is based on an insight first described in ancient Buddhist texts that human beings have the capacity to observe experience without being caught up in it. This means simply that it is possible to observe ourselves having a craving, or a happy thought, or even a scary emotion, without reacting in the moment in a way that amplifies the feeling or sends the mind spiraling off into thinking about old memories or anticipating events.正念练习基于一种最早记载于古代佛教典籍中的深刻见解：人类具备观察自身经历而不深陷其中的能力。这意味着，我们完全可以做到仅仅是看着自己产生渴望或萌生愉悦念头，甚至涌起恐惧情绪，却不会当即做出加剧这种感受的反应，也不会让思绪陷入对往事的回忆或对未来的预想之中。This practice of mindfulness can help calm the mind and the body as we learn not to react to experience with likes and dislikes or judgments of good and bad. It does not make us cold or indifferent but more fully present.这种正念练习能够帮助我们让身心平静下来，因为我们学会了不再对所经历的事情产生喜恶或好坏评判。它不会让我们变得冷漠或麻木不仁，而是让我们更加全然地活在当下。One of the challenges of practicing mindfulness in our contemporary world is that there has been a profound transformation in human attention. The artist Jenny Odell argues that in our “attention economy“ human attention has been transformed into a commodity that big corporations buy and sell. This economy rests on a technological revolution of mobile phones and social media that makes it possible for corporations to target our attention with their content at every moment.在当今世界，练习正念所面临的一大挑战在于人类注意力发生了深刻的变革。艺术家珍妮·奥德尔指出，在“注意力经济”时代，人类注意力已被转化为一种商品，被大公司竞相买卖。这种经济模式依托于手机和社交媒体的技术革命，使企业能够时刻用内容吸引我们的注意力。The devices most people use are a perpetual diversion from the present moment. The result is that it can feel as though our ability to focus, and be fully present, has been stolen. But mindfulness can help us resist the attention economy and relish the things that make life special, like being together with those we love.大多数人使用的电子设备无时无刻不在让人们分心，脱离当下。结果就是，我们仿佛觉得自己的专注力和全然活在当下的能力被偷走了。然而，正念能帮助我们抵御注意力经济的侵蚀，尽情享受那些让生活变得特别的事物，比如与所爱之人共度时光。Most mindfulness research focuses on the individual benefits of the practice, but some scholars assert that we can not only practice mindfulness for ourselves but also practice it for others. It can help us build stronger, healthier relationships.大多数正念研究聚焦于个人练习正念的益处，但一些学者认为，我们不仅能为自己练习正念，还能为他人练习。正念能帮助我们建立更牢固、更健康的人际关系。The sad truth is that living in the attention economy, most of us have become bad listeners. However, just as it is possible to watch ourselves having an experience without reacting, it's possible to watch another person have an experience without getting tied up in reactivity and judgment.一个可悲的事实是，生活在注意力经济时代，我们大多数人都成了糟糕的倾听者。然而，正如我们能够观察自身经历而不做出反应一样，我们也能观察他人的经历而不做出反应和评判。The gift of mindfulness is a practice of listening with compassion to others describe their experiences. To give this gift means putting away your phone, turning off social media, and setting aside other common distractions. It means practicing being fully present in another person's presence and listening to them with complete attention without judgment, while resisting the urge to make the interaction about you.正念的馈赠是一种怀着同理之心倾听他人讲述自身经历的修习。给予这份礼物意味着放下手机，关闭社交媒体，摒弃其他常见的干扰因素。它意味着要努力全身心地投入到与他人的相处之中，全神贯注倾听对方，而不加以评判，同时克制住将交流重心转向自身的冲动。If we judge the value of gifts based on their price, this gift may seem worthless, but in a distracted world, it is a precious one.如果我们根据价格来评判礼物的价值，这份礼物看起来或许毫无价值，但在一个注意力分散的世界里，它却无比珍贵。
题目及解析
46.What do we learn from the passage about practicing mindfulness?•题目翻译：关于正念练习，我们从文章中了解到什么？A) 它会触发我们的思维去反思过去的经历或预想未来的事情。B) 它将我们的注意力集中在当下，且不加任何评判。C) 它将我们的注意力集中在个人感受上，无论是快乐还是恐惧。D) 它帮助我们在面对他人评判时保持内心平静。•定位：根据题干关键词practicing mindfulness可定位到第三段。•解析：第三段指出，正念让人身心平静，不做好坏评判，全然活在当下，故选项B正确。选项A与原文相反，选项C曲解原文，选项D无依据，故排除。47.What do we see in today's “attention economy” according to Jenny Odell?•题目翻译：根据珍妮·奥德尔的观点，在如今的“注意力经济”中，我们能看到什么？A) 对技术进步的关注促使产品和服务不断更新。B) 人们的注意力被转化为可以买卖的东西。C) 企业通过销售手机和革新社交媒体获利。D) 人们往往不经深思熟虑就购买产品和服务。•定位：根据题干关键词attention economy和Jenny Odell可定位到第四段第二句。•解析：第四段第二句指出，人类注意力已被转化为商品，被大公司买卖，故选项B正确。选项A、C、D原文未提及，故排除。48.What happens with the prevalent use of mobile phones or social media?•题目翻译：手机或社交媒体的普遍使用会带来什么影响？A) 它们不断分散用户对当下的注意力。B) 它们使用户丧失抵御诱惑的能力。C) 它们剥夺了用户观察经历的能力。D) 它们诱使用户支持注意力经济。•定位：根据题干关键词use of mobile phones or social media可定位到第五段第一句。•解析：第五段第一句指出，电子设备无时无刻不让人分心，脱离当下，故选项A正确。选项B、C、D无依据，故排除。49.What benefit can practicing mindfulness bring to us according to some scholars?•题目翻译：根据一些学者的观点，练习正念能给我们带来什么好处？A) 它防止我们对他人做出武断的评判。B) 它将我们的注意力从物质追求转向精神追求。C) 它有助于我们建立更好的人际关系。D) 它有助于我们重新获得享受生活中所拥有之物的能力。•定位：根据题干关键词some scholars可定位到第六段。•解析：第六段指出，正念能帮助建立更牢固、更健康的人际关系，故选项C正确。选项A是具体表现，选项B无依据，选项D是个人益处，故排除。50.What does the author suggest we do in another person's presence?•题目翻译：作者建议我们在他人面前怎么做？A) 坦诚且怀有同理心地分享彼此的经历。B) 全神贯注地与他们建立亲密关系。C) 做专注的倾听者，同时避免做出评判。D) 提醒他们注意手机和社交媒体带来的干扰。•定位：根据题干关键词another person's presence可定位到倒数第二段。•解析：倒数第二段指出，要全身心投入相处，全神贯注倾听，不加以评判，故选项C正确。选项A、B、D曲解原文，故排除。
The other day I had to log into a service I hadn't used before. Since I was a new user, the website decided that it needed to check I wasn't a robot and so set me a Captcha test to determine whether the user is a person or a machine.前几天，我必须登录一个以前没用过的服务平台。由于是新用户，网站认为需要确认我不是机器人，于是给我设置了一个验证码测试，以确定用户是人还是机器。I was presented with an image of a roadside scene over which was laid a grid. My “challenge“ was to click on each cell in the grid that contained a traffic sign. I did so, a bit irritated. Then I was presented with another image and another grid—also with a request to identify road signs. Like a lamb, I complied, after which the website accepted my input.我面前出现了一幅带网格的路边场景图。我的“挑战”是点击网格中包含交通标志的每个单元格。我照做了，但有点烦躁。然后，又出现了另一张也带网格的图片——同样要求识别路标。我像一只温顺的羔羊一样乖乖照做，之后网站接受了我的输入。And then I realised what I had been doing was adding to a dataset for training the machine-learning software that guides self-driving cars. So, to gain access to an automated service that will benefit financially from my input, I first have to do some unpaid labour to help improve the performance of autonomous vehicles.然后我才意识到，自己刚才一直在做的事其实是为训练自动驾驶汽车的机器学习软件补充数据集。所以，为了使用一项会从我的输入中获取经济利益的自动化服务，我首先得付出一番无报酬的劳动，来帮助提高自动驾驶车辆的性能。Neat, eh? But note also the delicious additional irony that the Captcha is described as an “automated Turing test”. The Turing test was conceived, you may recall, as a way of enabling humans to determine whether a machine could respond in such a way that one couldn't tell whether it was a human or a robot. So we have wandered into a world in which machines make us do tricks to prove that we are humans!这招真高明，对吧？但请注意，还有一个更绝妙的额外讽刺是，验证码被称为“自动化的图灵测试”。你可能还记得，图灵测试的构想，就是让人类能够判断机器是否能以一种让人无法分辨它是人还是机器的方式做出回应。所以，我们不知不觉中走入了一个世界：是机器让我们做各种验证，来证明我们是人！The strangest aspect of this unparalleled shift is how under-discussed it has been. The metaphor of the boiling frog comes to mind. Have we become so subtly conditioned by digital technology that we don't see what's been happening to us? Have we been conditioned to accept a world governed by “smart“ tech, trading convenience to the point where we become a bit like machines ourselves?这种前所未有的转变，最奇怪的一点是它鲜少被讨论。我想到了“温水煮青蛙”的比喻。我们是否已经被数字技术潜移默化地驯化了，以至于看不到发生在我们身上的事情？我们是否已被驯化去接受一个由“智能”技术统治的世界，用便利性做交易，直到我们自己变得有点像机器？In a recent startling and thoughtful book, two scholars- Brett Frischmann, a law professor, and Evan Selinger, a philosopher- argue that the answer to that question is “yes”.在一本近期出版的令人震惊且发人深省的书中，两位学者——法学教授布雷特·弗里希曼和哲学家埃文·塞林格——认为这个问题的答案是“是”。And they're right. There's nothing technophobic about that. We shape our tools and then our tools shape us. Technology is supposed to provide tools that serve human ends. But, as the machine-learning Captcha demonstrates, a significant proportion of digital tech now sees (and uses) humans as means to ends that are not ours. In the process, they reduce us to the status of cheery rats running on treadmills designed by people who do not have our interests at heart. So back to the frog metaphor. Are we smart enough to jump out before it's too late? You don't even have to Google it to know the answer.他们是对的。这并不属于技术恐惧。我们塑造了工具，然后工具塑造了我们。技术本应提供为人类目的服务的工具。但是，正如这个机器学习的验证码所展示的，现在很大一部分数字技术将人类视为（并利用人类作为）实现非人类目的的手段。在这个过程中，它们让我们沦为在踏车上欢快奔跑的老鼠，而那踏车是由不把我们的利益放在心上的人设计的。所以回到青蛙的比喻上。我们是否足够聪明，能在为时已晚之前跳出去？你甚至都不用去谷歌搜索就知道答案。
题目及解析
51.How did the author respond to the Captcha test?•题目翻译：作者对验证码测试作何反应？A) 他随机点击验证方格。B) 他欣然接受了这项挑战。C) 他信心满满地完成了验证。D) 他顺从地完成了验证。•定位：根据题干关键词respond to the Captcha test可定位到第二段最后一句。•解析：第二段最后一句指出，作者像温顺的羔羊一样顺从地完成了验证，故选项D正确。选项A、C无依据，选项B与irritated矛盾，故排除。52.What is ironic about the Captcha test?•题目翻译：验证码测试的讽刺之处是什么？A) 机器可以像人类一样顺利通过这项测试。B) 机器在物体识别方面能胜过人类。C) 一项原本为测试机器而设计的测验，如今却被机器用来测试人类。D) 一项原本用于区分人类与机器人的测验，如今能玩出人类无法做到的花样。•定位：根据题干关键词ironic about the Captcha test可定位到第四段。•解析：第四段指出，图灵测试原本是人类测试机器，现在验证码是机器测试人类，角色反转，故选项C正确。选项A、B、D曲解原文，故排除。53.Why does the author use the metaphor of the boiling frog?•题目翻译：作者为何引用“温水煮青蛙”的比喻？A) 为了表明人类不愿为了换取智能科技的管控而牺牲便利。B) 为了说明人类没有意识到智能科技带来的潜在危险。C) 为了质疑人类是否已习惯于接受数字科技。D) 为了质疑人类是否和温水里的青蛙一样脆弱。•定位：根据题干关键词boiling frog可定位到第五段。•解析：第五段指出，人们被驯化却未察觉变化，未意识到危险，与温水煮青蛙的寓意一致，故选项B正确。选项A与原文相反，选项C是具体问题，选项D无依据，故排除。54.Why does the author think that Brett Frischmann and Evan Selinger are right?•题目翻译：为什么作者认为布雷特·弗里希曼和埃文·塞林格是对的？A) 如今很大一部分数字科技都在利用人类来达成自身目的。B) 人类如今正迅速陷入一场与数字科技争夺世界控制权的竞赛中。C) 数字科技能够以过去人们认为不可能的方式满足人类的需求。D) 如今数字科技在进行思考，而人类却在做重复性的工作。•定位：根据题干关键词Brett Frischmann and Evan Selinger可定位到最后一段。•解析：最后一段指出，大部分数字技术将人类当作实现非人类目的的手段，故选项A正确。选项B、C、D无依据，故排除。55.What does the author imply by asking “Are we smart enough to jump out before it's too late?”•题目翻译：作者在文章末尾问“我们是否足够聪明，能在为时已晚之前跳出去？”暗示了什么？A) 指望数字科技会顾及人类的利益是不明智的。B) 很难说最终是科技还是人类会占据上风。C) 我们或许需要上网搜索才能找到这个问题的答案。D) 我们或许无法及时意识到数字科技给人类带来的危险。•定位：根据题干关键词问句可定位到最后一段最后两句。•解析：结合温水煮青蛙的比喻，作者暗示人们可能无法及时意识到危险，故选项D正确。选项A是前文事实，选项B无依据，选项C曲解原文，故排除。
