从初一开始,“主谓一致”就是个让人头疼的“大魔王”,但在中考里,它可是必考的送分题,今天就帮大家一次性攻克这个难关。
一、 什么是主谓一致?
简单来说,主谓一致就是句子的谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。要掌握这个知识点,我们只需要牢记三大原则:1. 语法一致原则;2. 意义一致原则;3. 就近一致原则。
二、 语法一致原则
这是最基础的原则:主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词也跟着用复数。
1. 必须用单数的情况(高频错题区!) - 不可数名词或可数名词单数。比如:Water is very important to the trees. - 动名词短语或动词不定式。比如:Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. - 不定代词。比如:Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. - 固定短语 one of + 复数名词 或 the number of + 复数名词。
【名师划重点:带着“小尾巴”的主语】 当主语后面跟着由 with, together with, as well as 等引导的短语时,谓语动词的单复数只看最前面的主语!比如:My mother with her students often has a picnic in a park.
2. 必须用复数的情况 - and 或 both...and... 连接的主语。比如:He and his brother are both teachers. - 表示总称意义的名词,如 police, people。警察(police)出现时,谓语一定要用复数! - a number of + 复数名词。
3. 单复数皆可的情况(看具体语境) - 集合名词(如 family, class, team)。强调“整体”用单数;强调“个体成员”用复数。His family isn’t large. (整体,单数)His family were watching TV when I arrived. (成员,复数)
三、 意义一致原则
- 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量的复数名词:看作一个整体,用单数。Three weeks is already enough for you to finish the work. - 成对的名词:如 bread and butter,用单数。 - 不定数量词组:如 most of, some of,看后面的名词。
四、 就近一致原则
核心法则:谓语动词跟谁近,就听谁的! 1. There be 句型:和离它最近的主语保持一致。There is a dictionary and some books on the desk. 2. 由特定连词连接的主语:either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also... 以及 or。Neither you nor your father is able to help me.
五、 中考真题牛刀小试
真题 1 Neither Saturday nor Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these two days. A.are B.is C.am D.be
【解析】 本题考查“就近原则”。neither…nor 连接并列主语时,be动词看离它近的 Sunday,所以选单数 is。正确答案:B。
真题 2 In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger. A.is; is B.are; is C.is; are D.are; are
【解析】 极高频考点!a number of books 意为“许多书”,谓语用复数 are;The number of 意为“……的数量”,谓语用单数 is。正确答案:B。
真题 3 A woman together with her children _________walking across the street! A.is B.are C.being D.be
【解析】 考查“就远原则”。看到 together with,谓语动词要看最前面的主语 A woman,所以用单数 is。正确答案:A。
做完这些题,中考英语至少多拿5分!加油,未来的学霸们!