2025年12月大学英语四级真题（第二套）阅读理解Passage 1真题、做题步骤、答案速查、答案解析、参考译文、重点词汇与表达
【真题】
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Junk food is now a staple of many Americans’diets. Advertising campaigns from the snack food companies, often featuring sports stars, send the message that we can neutralize any negative effects of consuming their products simply by getting more physical exercise. But recent studies show a lack of exercise is not to blame for rising obesity rates. Bad diets are.
Interventions (干预) to help reduce junk food consumption are especially important for children and teenagers. Prevention is better than cure because obesity is so difficult to treat. Unfortunately, while health education has shown some success among young children, teens have been harder to reach.
Now a large-scale study has tried an innovative approach to change teenagers’attitudes towards healthy eating, and the results are promising. The researchers argued that previous interventions have probably been unsuccessful because of a major flaw: they focused on a future, healthier you and assumed that this would be enough motivation for teenagers. In contrast, the new intervention cleverly exploits teenagers’instinct for rebelliousness and autonomy, and the value they place on social justice.
To do this, researchers had students read an article on the food industry. It revealed a secret about the manipulative and deceptive strategies used to make junk food more addictive and characterize the products as healthy. The article also explained how advertising campaigns specifically target very young and poor people, causing harm for these vulnerable groups. Afterwards, the participants read a fictional survey of teens who wanted to “fight back against the companies by buying and eating less processed food”.
After the intervention, participants associated healthy eating with autonomy and social justice. The teenagers also rated healthy eating as being more appealing. Importantly, there were also some promising effects of the new intervention on actual behavior. A day later the students were offered a choice of snacks and drinks in a seemingly unrelated context. The teens chose healthy snacks and drinks (such as fruit or water) more often over unhealthy options (like biscuits and soda). Apparently associating a healthy diet with teenagers’own values seems to be a promising avenue to prevent obesity.
46. What do we learn about advertising campaigns from the snack food companies?
A) They convey the idea that their products are ok if consumers exercise more.
B) They send the message that bad diets are responsible for Americans’obesity.
C) They usually feature sports stars to emphasize the benefits of their snack foods.
D) They claim that lack of exercise is to blame for the increasing obesity rates.
47. What does the passage say about health education?
A) It has shed light on teens’instinct for rebellion and autonomy.
B) It has placed much more emphasis on cure than on prevention.
C) It has contributed little to the campaigns against obesity.
D) It has largely failed to turn teens away from junk food.
48. What is a major flaw in previous interventions to help reduce junk food consumption?
A) They motivated teens to stay away from junk food only temporarily.
B) They focused on the benefits young people would reap in the future.
C) They were based on the assumption that motivation was the only key.
D) They were incapable of appealing to teens’instinct for rebelliousness.
49. In what way is the new intervention innovative?
A) It emphasizes people’s sense of social responsibility.
B) It cleverly exploits teenagers’personal weaknesses.
C) It takes advantage of teenagers’natural inclination.
D) It promises immediate rather than future benefits.
50. What conclusion can be drawn from the new research?
A) A totally different approach could be adopted to combat advertising campaigns for snack food.
B) An effective intervention has to be found to persuade teenagers to switch to a healthier lifestyle.
C) Obesity can be hopefully prevented by building links between teenagers’values and healthy eating.
D) An innovative way to beat obesity is to expose food companies’manipulative and deceptive practices.
【做题步骤】
做阅读理解时，可以遵循以下步骤，提高效率和正确率：
Step 1：划出题干关键词
快速浏览5个题干，划出核心词，如：
46. advertising campaigns from the snack food companies
47. health education
48. major flaw in previous interventions
49. new intervention innovative
50. conclusion drawn from the new research
目的：带着问题去读文章，明确阅读重点。
Step 2：通读全文，把握主旨
快速阅读文章，重点关注首段（引出话题）、每段首句（通常是段落中心思想）和尾段（作者结论/建议）。
本文主旨：探讨如何有效干预青少年减少垃圾食品摄入。文章指出传统健康教育对青少年效果不佳，而一项新研究通过利用青少年叛逆、追求自主和重视社会公平的天性，成功改变了他们对健康饮食的态度和行为。
Step 3：原文定位，比对选项
根据题干关键词，回原文中找到对应的句子或段落。
46. advertising campaigns from the snack food companies 定位到第一段第二句
47. health education 定位到第二段最后一句
48. major flaw in previous interventions 定位到第三段第二句
49. new intervention innovative 定位到第三段最后一句
50. conclusion drawn from the new research 定位到最后一段最后一句
将选项与原文信息进行比对，找出最匹配的答案，尤其注意同义替换。
Step 4：检查复核
确认所选答案与原文信息一致，排除绝对化、无中生有或与主旨不符的干扰项。
【答案速查】46-50 A D B C C
【答案解析】
46. What do we learn about advertising campaigns from the snack food companies?
关于零食公司的广告宣传活动，我们了解到什么？
答案：A) They convey the idea that their products are ok if consumers exercise more.
这些广告传递的理念是，只要消费者加强锻炼，食用它们的产品就没有问题。
解析：
定位句：第一段第二句“Advertising campaigns from the snack food companies, often featuring sports stars, send the message that we can neutralize any negative effects of consuming their products simply by getting more physical exercise.”（零食公司推出的广告宣传活动常常邀请体育明星代言，传递出这样一种信息：只要增加体育锻炼，就能消除食用其产品带来的任何负面影响。）
也就是说，只要消费者加强锻炼，食用它们的产品就没有问题，A项与原文意思一致，故选A。
干扰项分析：
B) They send the message that bad diets are responsible for Americans’obesity.
它们传递的信息是，不良饮食习惯是造成美国人肥胖的原因。
原文中未提及广告传递这一信息，这反而是研究结论（第一段最后一句），故排除。
C) They usually feature sports stars to emphasize the benefits of their snack foods.
这些广告通常邀请体育明星代言，以此强调其零食产品的益处。
偷换概念。用体育明星代言是为了传递“运动抵消危害”的观点，而不是强调零食本身的好处，故排除。
D) They claim that lack of exercise is to blame for the increasing obesity rates.
这些广告声称，缺乏运动是肥胖率上升的罪魁祸首。
与原文直接矛盾。原文明确指出“肥胖率上升的罪魁祸首并非缺乏运动，而是不良的饮食习惯”，故排除。
47. What does the passage say about health education?
文章对健康教育有何论述？
答案：D) It has largely failed to turn teens away from junk food.
它在很大程度上未能引导青少年远离垃圾食品。
解析：
定位句：第二段最后一句“Unfortunately, while health education has shown some success among young children, teens have been harder to reach.”
该句提到，遗憾的是，尽管健康教育在低龄儿童群体中取得了一定成效，却很难影响到青少年。
第二段语境是“减少垃圾食品摄入的干预措施”，所以选项D “largely failed to turn teens away from junk food”是对“teens have been harder to reach”的合理推断，指健康教育难以有效影响青少年，使其远离垃圾食品。
干扰项分析：
A) It has shed light on teens’instinct for rebellion and autonomy.
它揭示了青少年叛逆和追求自主的天性。
这是新干预措施利用的原理，并非健康教育的作用。
B) It has placed much more emphasis on cure than on prevention.
它更注重治疗而非预防。
原文第二段第二句提到“预防胜于治疗”，但并未说健康教育更注重治疗。
C) It has contributed little to the campaigns against obesity.
它在对抗肥胖的相关行动中几乎没有发挥作用。
第二段最后一句明确提到健康教育在低龄儿童群体中取得了一定成效（shown some success），并不是“几乎没有发挥作用”，与原文矛盾，故排除。
48. What is a major flaw in previous interventions to help reduce junk food consumption?
以往旨在帮助减少垃圾食品摄入的干预措施存在的一个重大缺陷是什么？
答案：B) They focused on the benefits young people would reap in the future.
它们将重点放在了年轻人未来能获得的益处上。
解析：
定位句第三段第二句“The researchers argued that previous interventions have probably been unsuccessful because of a major flaw: they focused on a future, healthier you and assumed that this would be enough motivation for teenagers.”（研究人员认为，以往的干预措施之所以多半失败，是因为存在一个重大缺陷：这些措施将重点放在“未来拥有更健康的身体”上，并假定这一点足以成为激励青少年的动力。）
B项与原文相符，故选B。
干扰项分析：
A) They motivated teens to stay away from junk food only temporarily.
它们只能暂时激励青少年远离垃圾食品。
文中未提及“暂时”这一时间限制，原文说的是以往措施“多半失败”，而非“暂时有效”，故排除。
C) They were based on the assumption that motivation was the only key.
它们的出发点是“动力是唯一的关键因素”这一假设。
原文是假设“未来的健康足以成为动力（this would be enough motivation）”，而不是认为“动力是唯一的关键因素”，偷换概念，故排除。
D) They were incapable of appealing to teens’instinct for rebelliousness.
它们无法迎合青少年叛逆的天性。
原文虽提到新干预措施利用了青少年叛逆的天性，但并未提到以往干预措施的重大缺陷就是“无法迎合叛逆天性”。这属于过度推断，原文只强调以往措施“聚焦未来健康”这一缺陷，故排除。
49. In what way is the new intervention innovative?
这项新的干预措施在哪些方面具有创新性？
答案：C) It takes advantage of teenagers’natural inclination.
它利用了青少年的天性倾向。
解析：
定位句第三段最后一句“In contrast, the new intervention cleverly exploits teenagers’instinct for rebelliousness and autonomy, and the value they place on social justice.”（与之相反，这项新的干预措施巧妙地利用了青少年叛逆、追求自主的天性，以及他们对社会公平的重视。）
C项与原文内容相符，故选C。
干扰项分析：
A) It emphasizes people’s sense of social responsibility.
它强调人们的社会责任感。
原文说的是“社会公平（social justice）”，而非“社会责任感”，偷换概念，故排除。
B) It cleverly exploits teenagers’personal weaknesses.
它巧妙地利用了青少年的个人弱点。
青少年叛逆、追求自主的天性不等同于弱点，故排除。
D) It promises immediate rather than future benefits.
它承诺能带来即时益处，而非未来的益处。
文中提及新干预措施时并未指出它“承诺带来即时益处”。原文强调的是“利用天性”而非“承诺即时回报”，无中生有，故排除。
50. What conclusion can be drawn from the new research?
从这项新研究中可以得出什么结论？
答案：C) Obesity might be prevented by establishing a connection between teenagers’values and healthy eating.
通过建立青少年价值观与健康饮食之间的关联，肥胖问题有望得到预防。
解析：
定位句文章最后一句“Apparently associating a healthy diet with teenagers’own values seems to be a promising avenue to prevent obesity.”（显然，将健康饮食与青少年自身的价值观相结合，似乎是预防肥胖的有效途径。）
C项与原文内容相符，故选C。
干扰项分析：
A) A totally different approach can be adopted to fight snack food advertising campaigns.
可以采用一种截然不同的方法来抵制零食的广告宣传活动。
与新研究的结论无关。新研究的重点是改变青少年的饮食态度，而非“对抗零食广告”，偏离主题，故排除。
B) An effective intervention must be found to persuade teenagers to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
必须找到一种有效的干预措施，说服青少年转向更健康的生活方式。
这是笼统的呼吁，不是研究得出的具体结论。原文已经找到了有效方法，而非“必须继续寻找”，故排除。
D) Exposing the manipulative, deceptive strategies of food companies is an innovative way to fight obesity.
揭露食品公司的操控性、欺骗性手段，是一种对抗肥胖的创新方法。
揭露食品公司的操纵性、欺骗性手段是研究过程中所采用的具体做法（第四段），而非研究的最终结论。研究的结论是“将价值观与健康饮食关联”，混淆手段与结论，故排除。
【参考译文】
垃圾食品如今已成为许多美国人饮食中的主食。零食公司推出的广告宣传活动常常邀请体育明星代言，传递出这样一种信息：只要增加体育锻炼，就能消除食用其产品带来的任何负面影响。但近期研究表明，肥胖率上升的罪魁祸首并非缺乏运动，而是不良的饮食习惯。
帮助减少垃圾食品摄入的干预措施对儿童和青少年尤为重要。预防胜于治疗，因为肥胖症极难治愈。遗憾的是，尽管健康教育在低龄儿童群体中取得了一定成效，却很难影响到青少年。
如今，一项大规模研究尝试了一种创新方法来转变青少年对健康饮食的态度，且收效喜人。研究人员认为，以往的干预措施之所以多半失败，是因为存在一个重大缺陷：这些措施将重点放在“未来拥有更健康的身体”上，并假定这一点足以成为激励青少年的动力。与之相反，这项新的干预措施巧妙地利用了青少年叛逆、追求自主的天性，以及他们对社会公平的重视。
为实现这一目标，研究人员让学生阅读了一篇关于食品行业的文章。文章揭露了食品行业为了让垃圾食品更容易使人上瘾，并将产品包装成“健康食品”而采用的操控性、欺骗性手段。文章还解释了广告宣传活动是如何专门针对低龄儿童和低收入人群，对这些弱势群体造成伤害的。在阅读文章之后，参与者又浏览了一份虚构的青少年调查报告，该报告显示，青少年们希望“通过减少购买和减少食用加工食品来反击这些食品公司”。
干预措施实施后，参与者将健康饮食与自主意识和社会公平关联起来，同时也认为健康饮食更具吸引力。重要的是，这项新干预措施对参与者的实际行为也产生了一些积极影响。一天后，在一个看似无关的场景中，研究人员为学生们提供了可供选择的零食和饮料。青少年们更倾向于选择水果、水这类健康的零食和饮品，而非饼干、汽水等不健康的选择。显然，将健康饮食与青少年自身的价值观相结合，似乎是预防肥胖的有效途径。
【重点词汇与表达】
staple 主食，基本食物
advertising campaign 广告宣传活动
feature以…… 为特色，由……主演
neutralize 使无效，抵消
consumption 消耗，消费
intervention 干预，介入
innovative 创新的，革新的
flaw 缺陷，瑕疵
exploit 利用，开发
instinct天性，本能
rebelliousness 叛逆
autonomy 自主，自治
social justice 社会公平
manipulative 操纵的，会控制的
deceptive 欺骗性的
addictive 使人上瘾的
vulnerable 脆弱的，易受伤害的
fictional 虚构的
processed food 加工食品
appealing 有吸引力的
promising avenue 有希望的途径，有效的方法
