If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely---a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose life seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass the year. The idea that the life cut shot is unfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.个人译文:如果有人借“英年早逝”一词确有所指/意有所指的话,那他们一定认为,寿终正寝总好过英年早逝//相比英年早逝,寿终正寝的人生命更加圆满。寿终正寝/高龄死亡鲜少会被冠以“英年早逝”之名,能走完漫漫人生路,生命不可谓不圆满。反之,若少年早逝,人们会唏嘘不已,年轻人本该风华正茂、前途不可限量。然而过往历史告诉我们,实际并非如此。在诸多英年早逝/少年早逝的案例中,我们不由的想起玛丽莲·梦露(MariLyn Monroe)与詹姆斯·迪恩斯( James Deans),他们的生命虽然短暂却也圆满。每每想到诗人济慈26岁便陨落,作家们便心如刀割,自己一旦跨过这个年纪,便忍不住半开玩笑地自嘲道:这一生,怕是白活了/怕是白来一趟。少年早逝,人生就会留有遗憾/人生便不圆满,这一观点有悖于常理逻辑,因为给世界带来的影响、勃勃的生命力以及流芳百世的品德操守才是衡量生命价值的尺度/标准。翻译重难点简析:1If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”,首先,mean anything at all 如何理解?“at all”, 在否定句中起加强否定作用,相当于“哪怕一丝一毫”;“mean anything” = “具有意义或表达任何事物”;所以“mean anything at all” 指 “哪怕有一点点意义”或“真有任何实质含义”。此外, untimely death 指人在生命中某个阶段或某个时刻因各种原因而过早地死亡,untimely指‘过早的、突然的’,换成地道的汉语说法就是“英年早逝”,本文也提到了它的对立概念,Death in old age,按照汉语说话习惯,可翻译为 寿终正寝。2 some deaths run on a better schedule than others翻译这句话,关键是要把some和others的内涵交代出来。这里的some deaths结合后文的内容,其实就是death in old age,而others指的就是young person,年轻人过早死亡 (untimely death),run on a better schedule than others:基本含义是 更符合(死亡)时间表的安排(这里好比将人的一生比作一张时间表),根据原文内容,指有些人(some deaths) 寿终正寝,有些人(others)则早早离世,而世人普遍认为,寿终正寝总好过(better)英年早逝。或者换个思路,相比英年早逝之人/早早离世之人,寿终正寝者的生命更加圆满,这样就将some deaths run on a better schedule than others所传达的真实含义译出来。这里run on a better schedule 如果按照字面去翻,会发现根本行不通,必须结合语境内容,灵活意译处理。3 the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken
the best years 最好的年华;lay ahead 即将到来;在前面,the best years lay ahead 基本含义是最好的年华即将到来,按照汉语说话习惯,可进一步处理为“风华正茂”。
the measure of that life was still to be taken 如何理解?这里涉及一个用法,take the measure of 本意指 摸清xxx的底细,而联系这里语境,measure 指衡量xxx的价值/衡量xxx的重要性,所以the measure of that life was still to be taken. 基本意思是生命的价值有待衡量,按照汉语习惯,可进一步翻译为“前途不可估量/无可限量”。且注意,still 表示 未发生,尚待发生,这一句话翻译最重要的是把‘语气’表达准确,感到惋惜叹息,‘本可以/本应该……。4 summer death首先明确,summer death 肯定不是字面含义,其在这为隐喻,summer夏季是生命力最旺盛的时节,这里比喻人处于盛年、最年富力强的时候,所以summer death 指前面提到的 英年早逝(ultimately death),在英语和文学上,summer death特指知名文化人物英年早逝。5 Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass the year.首先,“cannot bear the fact”在英语中意为“无法忍受某个事实”,常用于表达情感上的强烈不适,结合这里上下文,这句话描述了作家们因诗人济慈26岁早逝而感到难以接受,甚至在自己超过这个年龄时,半开玩笑地称自己为“失败者”。这里cannot bear the fact 并非生理上的“忍受不了”,而是精神上无法消化一个残酷的对比:诗人济慈这样的天才在生命最盛时凋零,而自己虽苟延残喘、却无法达到此成就。when they pass the year“pass the year” 指超越济慈去世时的年龄(26岁),并非泛指“过了一年”,译文中需明确点出“26岁”这一关键节点,否则语义断裂。and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures这里only 为限定词,修饰playfully 表示仅半开玩笑地,judge sth as failures 基本含义是“判定xxx是失败的”,结合原文语境,这里实则是某种自嘲或戏谑的表达,结合汉语说话习惯,可进一步处理为 “半开玩笑地自嘲/戏称”, failures 指失败,对象是their own lives 即文人的一生,这里文人自嘲自己这辈子很失败,这里可进一步灵活处理为“这一生,怕是白活了/怕是白来一趟”。6 The idea that the life cut shot is unfilled is illogical 首先,the life cut shot 如何理解?这里“cut short”为过去分词短语,作后置定语,修饰名词 “life”,相当于一个形容词性结构,表示“被缩短的”“早逝的”,其实也就是本文核心概念之一:英年早逝/少年早逝( untimely death)unfilled 属修辞性表达,作系表结构中的表语,描述 life的抽象状态,意为“未充分实现的”“未达圆满的”,强调生命价值未被充分实现,这里可处理为“人生有遗憾或人生不圆满”。译为:少年早逝,人生就会留有遗憾/人生便不圆满,这一观点有悖于常理逻辑。译后反思:这篇文章看似没有生词,但理解难度还是有的,也不容易处理,既要结合上下文准确理解原文,了解作者所要传达的真正含义,又得兼顾文采和表达,毕竟这篇属于文学性质的材料,如果一味直译,不仅意思传达不准确,且译文读来生硬。具体大家自己去感受吧。