一、形容词（adjective）的定义和基本用法：
1、定义：用来修饰______________，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词叫形容词。
2、基本用法：
（1）You can see a lot of beautifulflowers in the garden. 作定语，放在被修饰的名词的______。
（2）Your coat is too small. 作表语，放在系动词的_______。
（3）The old woman keeps everything cleanand tidy. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语的______。
（4）后置的情况：①Something serioushas happened to him.修饰复合不定代词时放在代词_____。
②He’s 1.8 meters tall. 与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词放在其______。
二、副词的定义、基本用法和分类：
1、定义：副词（adverb）是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰______________________________，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
2、基本用法：
（1）"Don't play computer games again!"said my mother angrily.修饰动词，放在动词的______。
（2）Suddenlyhe jumped up and ran out of the room. 修饰全句，通常放在______。
（3）The car was moving very quickly.修饰其它副词，通常放在这个副词的______。
（4）It’s ratherdifficult to tell who is right. 修饰形容词，通常放在形容词的______。
3、副词的种类：
根据意义分类：（将表格下面的单词序号填入表格中）
副词种类 | 用法 | 副词 |
时间副词 | 表示确定或不确定的时间以及时间顺序，一般放在句首或句尾。 | |
地点副词 | 表示地点、位置关系和方向，一般放在句尾。 | |
方式副词 | 一般用来回答“怎样地”这类问题，通常放在行为动词之后。 | |
程度副词 | 修饰形容词、副词，一般位于所修饰的词前，还可修饰动词、介词短语、名词、代词和从句等。 | |
频度副词 | 表示一定时间内动作发生的次数。一般放在行为动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。 | |
疑问副词 | 用于对句子的状语进行提问，位置总是在句首。 |
①carefully②now③usually④very⑤when⑥always⑦already⑧here⑨politely ⑩where⑪quite ⑫everywhere ⑬above⑭finally⑮rather ⑯quickly ⑰seldom ⑱why ⑲east ⑳ just
合作探究：
任务(活动)一：
用括号中所给词的正确形式填空：
1. Kitty, you've made some mistakes in this exam. Be ___________ (care) next time.
2. The weather is _________ (sun) today. Let's go bike riding in the countryside.
3. The Spring Festival is one of the ___________(tradition) festivals in China.
4. Be __________ (patience). It takes time. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day.
5.（2026济宁·模拟）In their works he wrote about his peaceful life while he stressedto describe the _________ (nature) scenery in wide areas
6. Eddie, look at your __________ (tidy) room. You’d better keep everything in order.
7. Jenny is a _________ (live) girl.
8. Fishing is not ____________ (interest). I am not really ___________ (interest) in fishing.
9.The ___________ (excite) match makesthe crowd very ___________ (excite).
10. We weren't ___________ (surprise) that she won the talent competition. She sings
very well.
（1）形容词的词尾一般有：-y, -ful,-al, -able, -ern, -en, -ive, ish等。如：多云的_________仔细的__________个人的__________有价值的___________东方的__________有创造力的___________愚蠢的___________。形容词的反义词一般有前缀un-, im-, in-,dis-, il- 等，后缀通常是-less。如：不友好的__________不礼貌的__________粗心的____________。
（2）英语中有很多动词加后缀-ing或-ed都可以构成形容词，但它们的含义和用法不同：
-ing形容词 | -ed形容词 |
有主动的含义，在句中 可以作表语或定语，句 子主语一般是_____，意 思是"使人……的"。 | 有被动含义，多指人受到事物的影响，意思是"感到……的"，主语通常是_____；常见于"be+-ed形容词＋介词"这一结构中。 |
_________ 有趣的 | ___________ (in) 感兴趣的 |
_________ 动人的 | ___________ (by) 受感动的 |
__________ 使人愉快的 | ___________ (with) 感到高兴的 |
__________ 惊人的 | ___________ (at) 感到惊奇的 |
任务(活动)二：用括号中所给词的正确形式填空：
1. Daniel did the exercises too ____________ (careful), and it made his teacher angry.
2.（2026济宁·模拟）He lived in the forest just because he wished to live__________ (simple).
3.Yesterday morning, Mark got up __________ (early) to take the first bus.
4.Asking for help __________ (polite) is very important.
5. Walk along the road and you can find the subway station _________ (easy).
6.The mother walked into the bedroom ___________ (quiet) while the baby was sleeping.
7. She fell __________ ( heavy) to the ground.
8. Choose __________ (wise) how you spend your spare time and with whom you spend it.
9. For a long time in history, people depended _________ (great) on horses to trade goods.
合作探究：
（1）如何判断用形容词和副词：①观位置：形容词常在名词的______和系动词的______，副词常在动词的______和句子的______。（参看“自主学习”）②想翻译：形容词相当于汉语的“____”，副词相当于汉语的“____”。如：八戒是一只懒惰的猪，但他跑得非常地快。Bajie is a ______ pig, but he runs ______ ______. ③记特殊：在动词keep, make, find等后作宾补时注意用_______。如：我们必须每天让教室保持干净。We must keep our classroom ________ every day.
（2）形容词变副词的规律：（将表格下面形容词的副词形式填入表格中。）
变化规律 | 例词 |
大多数形容词在词尾加-ly | |
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly | |
以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词，去e再加-ly | |
以-le结尾的形容词，去e再加-y | |
以-ll结尾的形容词变副词时，直接加-y |
①careful②easy③true④happy⑤possible⑥full⑦quick⑧simple⑨lucky⑩terrible
合作探究：
①以辅音字母+e结尾的，大部分直接加-ly。 如: brave-__________
②有些词以-ly结尾但却是形容词：_________友好的 ________可爱的 ________孤独的 ________丑陋的 ________生动的，充满活力的 _________日常的
课堂检测：
1. Many kinds of fishes are swimming _________(slow) and freely in the pool.
2. People use too many plastic bags and throw them away, and it is _________(harm)
to our environment.
3._________ (final), Xu Mengtao won the gold medal at her fourth Olympics.
4. We should speak __________ (polite) when we talk to the elders.
5. We Chinese are _________ (pride) of the success of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.
6. Sally is my best friend. She often sits beside me ___________ (silent) when I am sad.
7. Smile and greet others in a __________(friend) way.
8. Beijing has held the 24th Winter Olympic Games __________(successful).
9. After the 2022 Spring Festival Gala, dance-poem drama Thousands of Miles of Mountains and Rivers (《只此青绿》) became _________(wide) known all over China.
10. Everyone can be a _________(use) person to make our motherland stronger.
11. Let me repeat _________ (exact) what he just said.
12.A __________ (health) competitive spirit can push people to try to be better.
13. The world is full of exciting and __________(wonder) activities that we can try and enjoy.
14. We should treasure our own _________(value) art and culture, such as shadow play and paper-cutting.
15. Yang Zhenning became __________ (interest) in science when he was a young boy.
默写清单：写出下列形容词的副词形式
1.careful--____________2. true--___________ 3. angry--___________ 4. shy--_____________ 5.terrible--___________6.slow--___________7.brave--__________ 8. comfortable--___________ 9.gentle--__________10.heavy--___________11.quick--___________12.happy--____________
13.sudden--__________14.careful--___________15.lucky--___________16.noisy--__________
形容词和副词（第一课时）课堂自主评价表 | |||
Activities: 专题复习 | Self-checklist | Peer-checklist | |
Contents | I know when and how to useadjectives. | Yes No | Yes No |
I know when and how to use adverbs. | Yes No | Yes No |
