语法填空思维导图
语法填空5年高考考情
真题展示：
（2025全国一卷）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese,56originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 57earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 58(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59(guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
“The players’ personalities 60(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 61(try) to beat the opponent 62no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 63(strategy) placement of the pieces,64the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,65(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
【答案】56. which 57. the 58. to present 59. guidance 60. are revealed 61. tries 62. by 63. strategic 64. and 65. digitally
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。
56.考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
57.考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
59.考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。
60.考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。
61.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
62.考查介词。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。
63.考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。
64.考查连词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。
65.考查副词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。
（2025全国二卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 57(center) heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me 58this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 59learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 60(I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61(be) one of them.
Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 62(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 63(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 64(afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 65(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【答案】56. where 57. central 58. for59. and 60. myself 61. is 62. to discover 63. absence 64. afternoons 65. left
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。
56. 考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
57. 考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。
58. 考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。
59. 考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
60. 考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
61.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。
63. 查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。
64. 考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。
（2025浙江1月卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The price of fashion – economically and environmentally – has led to the rise of56new way of dressing, and it’s beginning to take off in Australia, too. As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57(time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it’s an amazing idea,” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop. “Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 58the fact that they have something unique to wear59are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60(rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 61(solve) to one-time event dressing. The concept 62(be) certainly not new – men have been renting good suits for decades – but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. “I really want to make this work for 64(people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65(return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【答案】56. a 57. times 58. on / upon 59. and 60. to rent 61. solution 62. is 63. which 64. people’s 65. returning
【解析】服装租赁服务因经济与环保需求在澳大利亚兴起。消费者倾向 "少穿多次"，租赁模式既满足个性化穿搭又减少浪费。Tanya Perilli 的店铺提供女性时装租赁，替代直接购买，解决特殊场合的高成本着装问题。
56. a。考查冠词。way此处意为“方式”，为可数名词，且new以辅音音素开头，故填a，表示泛指。
57. times。考查名词。根据空白处前fewer可知，空白处应填可数名词复数形式。
58. on/ upon。考查介词。focus on / upon是固定搭配，意为“集中（注意力、精力等）于……”。
59. and。考查并列连词。句意为：如今的顾客不再在意衣物是否二手，而是关注这样的事实：他们有独特的衣服穿，同时还不会让自己的衣柜过于拥挤，也不会为垃圾填埋场制造垃圾。结合句意及分析句子结构可知，空白处缺少连词连接两个并列成分have和are not overstuffing，故填and。
60. to rent。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。
61. solution。考查词性转换。由空白处前a可知，空白处应填名词形式。
62. is。考查谓语动词。由but后的并列分句可知，本句描述的是现在的情况，且主语The concept为单数，故填is。
63. which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词clothing，并在从句中作package和offer的宾语，故填which。
64. people’s。考查名词。句意：我真的希望能让这个（服装租赁模式）顺应如今人们的生活（方式）。根据句意可知，lives与people之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格。
65. returning。考查非谓语动词。句意：……这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一就归还衣服。根据句意可知，mean 此处意为“意味着”，mean doing sth是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某事”。
（2025北京卷）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s 11(peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 12(scare). The truth, though, is 13could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
【答案】11. peaceful 12. scared 13. what
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大多数放学后的时光。
11.考查形容词。句意：这里很宁静，尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示“使某人被……”，“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
13.考查表语从句引导词。句意：不过，真相正如所料——这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。故填what。
B
When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly 14(long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15(make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
【答案】14. longer 15. had made 16. are achieved
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了做选择是生活的一部分及如何做出更好的选择。
14.考查比较级。句意：也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。故填longer。
15.考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。
16.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
C
When 17(travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18(leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year,19accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options.These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come 20the planet’s expense.
【答案】17. traveling 18. left 19. which 20. at
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出旅行时人们会接触不同文化和经历，但据世界野生动物基金会报告，去年游客产生大量食物垃圾，对全球气体排放有影响。为减少影响，人们可采取如出发前清空冰箱、选择可持续餐饮等简单措施，强调探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。
17.考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。
18.考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。
19.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。
20.考查固定搭配。句意：毕竟，探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。at one’s expense“以……为代价”是固定搭配。故填at。
（2025八省联考卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 2010, the UN Department of Global Communications instituted language days for each of the organization’s six official languages. The goal was two-fold: 56(celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 57(tongue).
Language is the carrier of communication, the bridge of interaction between nations,58the bond of understanding among civilizations. At the same time, a language and its individual 59(write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition. Every language is worthy of respect and should 60(treat) equally.
The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform 61the world to better understand China, but also62(promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world.
Today, more than 70 countries have included the Chinese language in their education systems. Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 63(improve) communication and cooperation between China and 64rest of the world. As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 65(innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.
【答案】56. to celebrate 57. tongues 58. and 59. written 60. be treated 61. for 62. promotes 63. improving 64. the 65. innovation
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了联合国设立语言日的目的及中文日的意义。
56.考查非谓语动词。句意：目的是双重的：庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。本句谓语为was，此处为非谓语动词，应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式，作目的状语，与to promote并列。故填to celebrate。
57.考查名词的数。句意：目的是双重的：庆祝文化多样性，并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。tongue“语言”为可数名词，由six修饰，应用复数形式。故填tongues。
58.考查连词。句意：语言是沟通的载体，是国家间互动的桥梁，是文明间理解的纽带。the carrier of communication、the bridge of interaction between nations和the bond of understanding among civilizations为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
59.考查形容词。句意：语言和它的书写形式组成了民族传统的“灵魂”。本空修饰名词forms，需用形容词written“书写的”，作前置定语。故填written。
60.考查动词语态。句意：每一种语言都值得尊重，应该平等对待。主语Every language与动词treat“对待”构成被动关系，用be treated表被动，且位于情态动词should后，be用原形。故填be treated。
61.考查介词。句意：联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台，而且促进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。表示“为某人/某物提供某物”用固定短语provide sth. for sb./sth.，本空用介词for，符合题意。故填for。
62.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台，而且促进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。此处与provides并列作谓语，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为The UN Chinese Language Day，本空用promote“促进”的第三人称单数promotes。故填promotes。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处作介词in的宾语，应用improve“提高”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填improving。
64.考查冠词。句意：中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。the rest of...“……的其余部分”，为固定短语，本空用冠词the，符合题意。故填the。
65.考查名词。句意：随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化，世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语，应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。
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