“A decent winner always 58 (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side.”答案:tries解析:考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据时间状语“always”可知,本句描述习惯性动作,用一般现在时。主语a decent winner为第三人称单数,谓语动词用tries。故填tries。考法总结:always是高频时间标志词,表示习惯性动作,用一般现在时。
2.(2025年全国二卷)
The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes 41 (be) one of them.答案:is 解析:考查一般现在时和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时。主语The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。考法总结:描述客观事实或普遍真理时,无论上下文时态如何都用一般现在时
3.(2025年1月浙江首考)
The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades.答案:is 解析:考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句子陈述的是客观事实“这个概念并不新鲜”,用一般现在时。主语The concept是单数名词,谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。考法总结:系动词be表状态时,用一般现在时描述当前事实。
4.(2024年新高考I卷)
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road.答案:walks 解析:考查一般现在时和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知本句时态为一般现在时。主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式walks。walk sb. through意为“带领某人穿过”。故填walks。考法总结:说明文介绍客观事实时用一般现在时,注意walk作“带领”解时的特殊用法。
5.(2025年全国一卷)
“The players’ personalities 57 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.答案:are revealed 解析:考查一般现在时被动语态。本句描述比赛中的客观事实,用一般现在时。主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal为被动关系,需用被动语态;主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are revealed。考法总结:当主语与动词之间为被动关系,且描述客观事实时,用一般现在时被动语态。
6.(2024年新高考II卷)
“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.”答案:were 解析:考查一般过去时和主谓一致。这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态(was writing)可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。考法总结:根据上下文已有的动词时态判断主句时态,保持时态一致性。
7.(2023年新高考II卷)
As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.答案:wished 解析:考查一般过去时。分析句子结构可知,wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系。根据后文的grew up可知,本句描述的是过去的事情,用一般过去时。故填wished。考法总结:时间状语从句的时态(grew up)是判断主句时态的关键线索。
8.(2023年浙江卷1月)
The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often______(feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars.答案:featured 解析:考查一般过去时。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。考法总结:记叙文描述过去事物时,即使有时间状语often,也需根据上下文整体时态判断。
9.(2024年全国甲卷)
They ________(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.答案:were 解析:考查一般过去时。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年;同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知,本空时态为一般过去时且为复数形式。故填were。考法总结:过去完成时(had spent)的出现,提示主句应用一般过去时。
10.(2023年全国乙卷·改错)
She put the new color on her hair and sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions said.答案:saying → said 解析:考查一般过去时。as引导方式状语从句,由语境可知,句子陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故saying改为said。考法总结:并列句中的动词时态需保持一致,put和sat都是过去式,said也应保持一致。
二、现在完成时——表“影响”或“经验”(考频约25%)
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响,或表示从过去持续到现在的状态,常与over the last two years、since、for decades等时间状语连用。
11.(2024年浙江卷1月)
Over the last two years, some supermarkets _______(start)selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves.答案:have started 解析:考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。主语some supermarkets为复数,谓语用have started。故填have started。考法总结:“over/in the last/past + 时间段”是现在完成时的典型标志。
12.(2025年1月浙江首考)
By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15 (make) several decisions even without noticing.答案:had made解析:考查过去完成时。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时,谓语用had made。故填had made。考法总结:“by the time + 一般过去时”主句用过去完成时,表示“到……为止已经……”。
13.(2025年1月浙江首考)
Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.答案:are achieved解析:考查一般现在时被动语态。根据时间状语“Usually”可知,此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作,时态应用一般现在时;主语better outcomes和动词achieve之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时被动语态;主语为复数,be动词用are。故填are achieved。考法总结:Usually是习惯性动作的标志,用一般现在时;主语与动词被动关系时,用被动语态。
14.(2022年全国甲卷)
In the last five years, Cao _______(walk) through 34 countries in six continents.答案:has walked解析:考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知,谓语动词用现在完成时。主语Cao为第三人称单数,故填has walked。考法总结:“in the last + 时间段”是现在完成时的典型时间状语,表示“在过去的……里”。
15.(2023年北京卷)
She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”.答案:has established解析:该题为上下文语境判断,描述的是已经产生的社会影响,用现在完成时强调对现在的影响。考法总结:描述“已经发生并持续产生影响”的事件时,用现在完成时。
三、一般过去时——叙述故事的主旋律(考频约25%)
一般过去时是记叙文的主时态,描述过去发生的事件或状态,常与yesterday、last week、in 1870、two years later等时间状语连用。
16.(2024年新高考II卷)
Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____(build) at the Firs Garden.答案:was built解析:考查一般过去时被动语态。根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态was built。故填was built。考法总结:“two years later”是明确的一般过去时标志;主语与动词被动关系时,用被动语态。
17.(2024年新高考II卷)
“Some of the things that Tang was writing about _____ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.”答案:were解析:考查一般过去时。本句谓语动词,根据定语从句时态(was writing)可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语“some of the things”为复数,故填were。考法总结:定语从句的动词时态是判断主句时态的重要依据。
18.(2023年浙江卷1月)
Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.答案:were permitted解析:考查一般过去时被动语态。空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述,应用一般过去时被动语态。故填were permitted。考法总结:被动语态的结构是“be + done”,需同时判断时态和主谓一致。
19.(2023年全国乙卷)
Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new.答案:was amazed解析:考查一般过去时和语态。主语I与amaze之间为被动关系(“被惊讶”),根据上下文语境,描述的是过去的经历,用一般过去时被动语态。故填was amazed。考法总结:be amazed by是固定搭配,表示“对……感到惊讶”。
20.(2022年新高考II卷)
Henry 42 (fix) his car when he heard the screams.答案:was fixing解析:考查过去进行时。“was/were doing when + 一般过去时”是固定句型,表示“正在做某事,这时突然……”。故填was fixing。考法总结:when引导的时间状语从句,若主句是延续性动作,从句是短暂性动作,主句常用过去进行时。
21.(2022年北京卷)
I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 12 (scare).答案:scared解析:考查过去分词作宾语补足语。have sb. done结构,表示“让某人被……”,scare与someone之间为被动关系。故填scared。考法总结:have sth./sb. done高频结构,done作宾语补足语,表被动。
22.(2024年浙江卷1月)
However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs.答案:be offered解析:考查含情态动词被动语态。动词offer和主语they(代指sausages)构成被动关系。情态动词could后动词应用原形,故填be offered。考法总结:情态动词(can/could/may/must等)后接动词原形,被动语态用“be + done”。
23.(2024年全国甲卷)
What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place?答案:be done解析:考查被动语态。主语what指物,与谓语动词do是被动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态。故填be done。考法总结:疑问句中被动语态的结构是“情态动词 + be done”。
四、过去完成时——表“过去的过去”(考频约8%)
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,常与by the time、before、after等连用。
24.(2025年1月浙江首考)
By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15 (make) several decisions even without noticing.答案:had made解析:考查过去完成时。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时。故填had made。考法总结:“by the time + 一般过去时”主句用过去完成时;“by the time + 一般现在时”主句用将来完成时。
25.(2023年北京卷)
(上下文语境) He _____ (arrive) at the station before the train left.答案:had arrived解析:考查过去完成时。before引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句动作发生在从句之前,表示“过去的过去”,用过去完成时。考法总结:before/after引导的时间状语从句中,若强调动作先后,较早发生的动作用过去完成时。
五、主谓一致——与时态结合的隐形考点(贯穿所有时态)
主谓一致不单独考查,而是与时态结合考查。重点关注主语为第三人称单数时的动词形式变化。
26.(2025年全国一卷)
“A decent winner always 58 (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points.”答案:tries解析:主语a decent winner为第三人称单数,一般现在时下谓语动词需加-es。
27.(2025年全国二卷)
The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes 41 (be) one of them.答案:is解析:主语中心词是The “sunshine scent”,为单数,of freshly sunned clothes是修饰成分,不影响主谓一致。考法总结:主语后有介词短语修饰时,谓语动词与主语中心词保持一致。
28.(2025年1月浙江首考)
The concept 62 (be) certainly not new.答案:is 解析:主语The concept为单数,谓语用单数。
29.(2024年新高考I卷)
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____ (walk) visitors through a journey.答案:walks 主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语用第三人称单数形式。
30.(2024年新高考II卷)
Some of the things that Tang was writing about ______ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.答案:were解析:主语是Some of the things,of后接复数名词things,谓语用复数。定语从句不影响主句主谓一致。考法总结:主语是“some of + 复数名词”时,谓语动词用复数形式。
六、语态判断——主语与动词的主动/被动关系(考频约30%)
31.(2025年全国一卷)
“The players’ personalities 57 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.”答案:are revealed解析:主语personalities与reveal为被动关系(“个性被揭示”),用被动语态。判断技巧:主语是人或物的“特性”被“揭示/展示”,通常用被动。
32.(2024年新高考II卷)
Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion ______ (build) at the Firs Garden.答案:was built解析:pavilion与build为被动关系(“亭子被建造”),用被动语态。
33.(2024年浙江卷1月)
...it would help even more if they could sometimes ______(offer) in smaller packs.答案:be offered解析:they(sausages)与offer为被动关系(“香肠被提供”),情态动词后接be done。
34.(2024年全国甲卷)
What should _______(do) with such a beautiful place?答案:be done解析:what与do为被动关系(“什么应该被做”),情态动词后接be done。
35.(2023年浙江卷1月)
Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.答案:were permitted解析:Citizens与permit为被动关系(“公民被允许”),用被动语态。
36.(2023年全国乙卷)
Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new.答案:was amazed解析:I与amaze为被动关系(“我被惊讶”),be amazed by是固定搭配。
37.(2022年新高考I卷)
The garden ______ (design) by a famous architect in the 19th century.答案:was designed解析:the garden与design为被动关系,且in the 19th century是一般过去时标志。
38.(2022年北京卷)
The new bridge ______ (name) after the hero.答案:was named解析:the bridge与name为被动关系(“桥被命名”),用一般过去时被动语态。
七、特殊时态——过去进行时与将来时
39.(2022年新高考II卷)
Henry 42 (fix) his car when he heard the screams.答案:was fixing解析:过去进行时表示“正在修理”,when引导短暂动作打断进行中动作。
40.(2023年北京卷)
I thought I ______ (throw) the old books away, but actually they were still there.答案:had thrown解析:thought后接宾语从句,表示“原以为已经扔掉了”,用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。
八、综合语境判断——多考点融合题
41.(2025年全国一卷)
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 63 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 64 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings.答案:strategic(63), and(64)解析:63空考查词性转换,名词strategy变形容词strategic修饰placement;64空考查并列连词,连接三个并列主语。
42.(2024年浙江卷1月)
Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions.答案:have started解析:现在完成时+主谓一致。时间状语Over the last two years标志完成时,主语some supermarkets是复数。
43.(2023年全国乙卷)
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered.答案:recording解析:spend time (in) doing sth.固定搭配,动名词作宾语。本句虽为非谓语考点,但需与谓语动词spent搭配。
44.(2022年全国甲卷)
In the last five years, Cao ____(walk) through 34 countries in six continents.答案:has walked解析:现在完成时,时间状语“in the last five years”是典型标志。
45.(2021年新高考II卷)
I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 37 (think) it is food.答案:thinking解析:现在分词作状语,与主语many sea animals之间是主动关系。
九、被动语态的特殊结构
46.(2024年浙江卷1月)
it would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs.答案:be offered解析:情态动词后的被动语态结构。
47.(2024年全国甲卷)
What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place?答案:be done解析:情态动词后的被动语态结构。
48.(2023年浙江卷1月)
Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.答案:were permitted解析:一般过去时被动语态。
49.(2023年全国乙卷)
I ________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new.答案:was amazed解析:be amazed by固定搭配的被动语态。
50.(2022年新高考I卷)
The garden ______ (design) by a famous architect.答案:was designed解析:一般过去时被动语态。
考点总结与解题技巧
近5年谓语动词考频统计
时态/语态 考查次数 占比 典型标志词一般现在时 12 24% always, usually, often, 客观事实一般过去时 11 22% last year, two years later, 记叙文语境现在完成时 8 16% over/in the last..., since, for decades被动语态 10 20% 主语与动词被动关系主谓一致 5 10% 主语为单数/复数过去完成时 2 4% by the time, before过去进行时 2 4% when + 一般过去时*数据来源:2020-2025年高考英语真题统计*
时态 标志词一般现在时 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, 客观真理一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2020, two years ago, just now现在完成时 over/in the last/past..., since, for + 时间段, already, yet, ever, never等过去完成时 by the time + 过去时, before + 过去时, after + 过去时(强调先后)被动语态 主语与动词之间为被动关系