初三备考的同学们都知道，英语完形填空、选词填空里，多义短语是绝对的高频考点，也是最容易丢分的重灾区！很多短语看着眼熟，却因为记混意思、分不清易混选项而做错。
今天整理了中考常考、易混、易错的高频多义短语，每个短语只记核心考义，搭配真题练习+易错提醒，答案统一放文末，方便大家自测巩固，背完直接拿下这类题型的分数，助力中考！
一、中考核心高频多义短语（必背）
1. pick up
✅核心考义：捡起；（偶然）学会；接（某人）
📝真题例句：He picked up the book on the ground.（捡起）
She picked up English when she was in America.（学会）
I will pick up my mother at the station.（接某人）
⚠️易错提醒：易与pick out混淆，pick out意为挑选、认出
🎯自测真题：I will go to the airport to ______ my cousin this afternoon.
A. pick up B. pick out C. take up D. put up
2. take up
✅核心考义：占据（时间/空间）；开始从事
📝真题例句：The big bed takes up too much room.（占据）
He took up painting last year.（开始从事）
⚠️易错提醒：易与use up混淆，use up意为用完、耗尽
🎯自测真题：Playing computer games ______ most of his free time.
A. takes up B. gives up C. puts up D. makes up
3. give up
✅核心考义：放弃；戒除
📝真题例句：Don’t give up your dream easily.（放弃）
My father gave up smoking at last.（戒除）
⚠️易错提醒：固定搭配give up doing sth.（放弃做某事）
🎯自测真题：The math problem is too hard, but don’t ______.
A. give up B. give out C. put up D. put out
4. give out
✅核心考义：分发；（机器/设备）出故障
📝真题例句：The teacher gave out the test papers.（分发）
The old car gave out on the way.（出故障）
⚠️易错提醒：易与put out混淆，put out意为扑灭（火）
🎯自测真题：The old machine ______ halfway, so we had to stop working.
A. gave up B. gave out C. put up D. put out
5. put up
✅核心考义：张贴；搭建
📝真题例句：Please put up the notice on the wall.（张贴）
We put up a tent by the lake.（搭建）
⚠️易错提醒：易与put out、put off混淆，put off意为推迟
🎯自测真题：We need to ______ a tent before it gets dark.
A. put up B. put out C. take up D. take out
6. put out
✅核心考义：扑灭（火）
📝真题例句：The firemen put out the big fire quickly.（扑灭）
🎯自测真题：It took the firemen three hours to ______ the forest fire.
A. put out B. put up C. give out D. give up
7. turn up
✅核心考义：调高（音量/热度）；露面、出现
📝真题例句：Turn up the TV, I can’t hear it.（调高）
He didn’t turn up at the party.（露面）
⚠️易错提醒：易与turn down混淆，turn down意为调低、拒绝
🎯自测真题：I waited for him for a long time, but he didn’t ______.
A. turn up B. turn out C. get up D. get out
8. turn out
✅核心考义：结果是；证明是
📝真题例句：It turned out to be a sunny day.（结果是）
🎯自测真题：The weather was bad in the morning, but it ______ fine.
A. turned out B. turned up C. gave out D. gave up
9. look up
✅核心考义：查阅（词典/资料）
📝真题例句：You can look up the new word in the dictionary.（查阅）
⚠️易错提醒：易与look out混淆，look out意为小心、向外看
🎯自测真题：If you don’t know the word, you can ______ it in the dictionary.
A. look up B. look out C. take up D. take out
10. make up
✅核心考义：编造（借口/故事）；组成
📝真题例句：He made up an excuse for being late.（编造）
Ten students make up a group.（组成）
🎯自测真题：The boy ______ a story to explain why he was absent.
A. made up B. made out C. took up D. took out
11. work out
✅核心考义：算出（难题）；制定（计划）
📝真题例句：I can’t work out this math problem.（算出）
Let’s work out a study plan.（制定）
⚠️易错提醒：易与find out混淆，find out意为查明、弄清
🎯自测真题：Can you ______ the answer to this physics problem?
A. work out B. find out C. give out D. put out
12. find out
✅核心考义：查明（真相）；发现
📝真题例句：Please find out when the train leaves.（查明）
🎯自测真题：The police are trying to ______ who broke the window.
A. find out B. work out C. give out D. put out
13. run out (of)
✅核心考义：用完、耗尽（物品/时间）
📝真题例句：We ran out of milk, so I need to buy some.（用完）
⚠️易错提醒：run out（不接宾语）；run out of（必须接宾语）
🎯自测真题：We have ______ all the paper for the exam.
A. run out of B. used up C. given out D. put out
14. use up
✅核心考义：耗尽（金钱/资源）
📝真题例句：She used up all her pocket money.（耗尽）
🎯自测真题：He ______ all his money on the trip to Beijing.
A. used up B. run out of C. gave up D. put up
15. cheer up
✅核心考义：（使）振作；（使）开心
📝真题例句：Cheer up! Everything will be better.（振作）
🎯自测真题：—I failed the English exam. —______! You can do better next time.
A. Cheer up B. Dress up C. Grow up D. Come out
16. dress up
✅核心考义：装扮；打扮
📝真题例句：The kids dressed up as cartoon characters.（装扮）
🎯自测真题：They ______ as animals for the fancy dress party.
A. dressed up B. grew up C. came out D. worked out
17. grow up
✅核心考义：长大；成长
📝真题例句：I want to be a doctor when I grow up.（长大）
🎯自测真题：I want to be a teacher when I ______.
A. grow up B. dress up C. come out D. work out
18. come out
✅核心考义：出版；（花朵）开放
📝真题例句：Her new novel will come out next month.（出版）
Flowers come out in spring.（开放）
🎯自测真题：Her new book will ______ next week.
A. come out B. grow up C. dress up D. work out
二、中考补充必考短语（易丢分）
19. turn down
✅核心考义：调低（音量）；拒绝
📝真题例句：Turn down the radio, it’s too loud.（调低）
He turned down my invitation.（拒绝）
🎯自测真题：The music is too noisy, please ______ the radio.
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on D. turn off
20. turn on / turn off
✅核心考义：打开（电器）；关闭（电器）
📝真题例句：Turn on the light, it’s dark.（打开）
Turn off the TV before you go to bed.（关闭）
🎯自测真题：Please ______ the lights when you leave the classroom.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
21. get on / get off
✅核心考义：上车；下车
📝真题例句：Get on the bus quickly.（上车）
Don’t get off the bus until it stops.（下车）
🎯自测真题：You can’t ______ the bus until it stops completely.
A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get out
22. put off
✅核心考义：推迟
📝真题例句：We put off the sports meeting because of rain.（推迟）
⚠️易错提醒：固定搭配put off doing sth.（推迟做某事）
🎯自测真题：The heavy rain made us ______ the school trip.
A. put off B. put up C. give up D. give out
23. hand in / hand out
✅核心考义：上交；分发
📝真题例句：Hand in your homework on time.（上交）
The monitor handed out the textbooks.（分发）
🎯自测真题：Please ______ your homework before the first class.
A. hand in B. hand out C. give up D. put up
24. cut down
✅核心考义：砍倒；减少
📝真题例句：We shouldn’t cut down trees.（砍倒）
You need to cut down screen time.（减少）
🎯自测真题：We must stop people from ______ trees.
A. cutting down B. cutting up C. putting up D. taking up
25. give away
✅核心考义：捐赠；泄露
📝真题例句：He gave away his old books to poor kids.（捐赠）
Don’t give away the secret.（泄露）
🎯自测真题：She decided to ______ her old toys to the children in need.
A. give away B. give up C. give out D. put up
三、中考易混短语速记表（考前必看）
1. pick up（捡/接人）— pick out（挑选）
2. take up（占据）— use up（用完）
3. give up（放弃）— give out（分发/故障）
4. put up（张贴/搭建）— put out（灭火）— put off（推迟）
5. turn up（调高）— turn down（调低/拒绝）— turn on（开）— turn off（关）
6. look up（查阅）— look out（小心）
7. work out（算出）— find out（查明）
8. hand in（上交）— hand out（分发）
9. get on（上车）— get off（下车）
四、备考小提示
1. 每天记5-6个短语，结合例句记忆，不要孤立背词义；
2. 易混短语对比着记，做完真题及时复盘错题；
3. 完形、选词中遇到这类短语，先看语境再选词义，别凭印象做题。
参考答案
1-5：A A A B A
6-10：A A A A A
11-15：A A A A A
16-20：A A A A B
21-25：B A A A A
