The diagram below shows how rainwater is collected for the use of drinking water in an Australian town.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
My model answer (162 words)
The process diagram illustrates the collection of rainwater and how it is converted into drinking water used in households in an Australian town.
Overall, rainwater is collected from house roofs, filtered and treated, before being distributed to households as drinking water.
At the first stage, on rainy days, rainwater flows from the roofs of houses into a drainage system and is directed into an underground pipe network leading to a water filter. After being filtered, the water, free of impurities, flows down the pipe into a large storage tank, where it is stored until it is required for further treatment.
When the water is needed, it leaves the storage tank and is transferred to another container of a similar size, where it is further treated with chemicals. Following this, the treated water is pumped up the pipe and exits the underground system. At the final stage, the fully purified water is supplied to households in the town through a network of pipes.
🌧️ Rainwater Collection and Treatment 核心表达
1️⃣ 核心动词与短语 (Core Verbs & Actions)
is collected from — 从……收集
is converted into — 被转化为
is distributed to / supplied to — 被分发/供应给
flows from... into... — 从……流向……
is directed into — 被引导至
is further treated with — 用……进一步处理
is pumped up — 被（用泵）抽上来
exits the underground system — 离开地下系统
leading to — 通向/连向
【特别说明】：在这篇范文中，leading to 是 “通向/连向” 的意思，描述的是物理空间的连接，而不是因果关系中的“导致”。在原文语境中：“...into a drainage system and is directed into an underground pipe network leading to a water filter.” 这里的 leading to 修饰的是前面的 underground pipe network（地下管道网络）。它的逻辑是：管道的一头连接着排水系统，另一头通向过滤器。
2️⃣ 话题相关名词和形容词 (Topic-Specific Nouns and Adjectives)
drainage system — 排水系统
underground pipe network — 地下管道网络
water filter — 过滤器
impurities — 杂质
storage tank — 储水箱/储水罐
chemical treatment — 化学处理
households — 住户/家庭
drinking water — 饮用水
purified / treated — 净化过的/处理过的
free of... — 无……的（特指无杂质）
large / sizeable — 大的
3️⃣ 高阶句型拆解 (Grammar Focus)
① Where 引导的定语从句 (Relative Clause with Where)
原文： ...into a large storage tank, where it is stored until it is required for further treatment.
中文： ……进入一个大型储水罐，在那里它被储存起来，直到需要进一步处理为止。
拆解：这是由 where 引导的非限制性定语从句，用来修饰前面的地点名词（storage tank）。在这里 where 相当于 in which。
它避免了重复提及 tank，同时将“储存地点”与“储存状态”丝滑地连接在一起。
② After being done 的省略与还原 (Participle Clause)
原文： After being filtered, the water, free of impurities, flows down the pipe...
中文： 在被过滤之后，不含杂质的水流下水管……
拆解：当时间状语从句的逻辑主语与主句主语一致时，可以省略从句主语和be动词，将其简化为after being+过去分词的形式。
③ Until it is required 的时间状语从句 (Passive in Time Clause)
原文： ...it is stored until it is required for further treatment.
中文： ……它被储存起来，直到需要进一步处理。
拆解：这里使用了被动语态 is required。
4️⃣ 易错点与深度解析 (Common Pitfalls & Insights)
主动 vs 被动语态的逻辑切换
主动语态 (如flow, leave, exit)： 多用于描述水在系统中的移动路径。
被动语态 (be filtered, be treated, be pumped)： 更适合描述受到设备或人为处理的阶段。
介词与修饰语的精准选择
Free of vs Without： After being filtered, the water, free of impurities, flows down the pipe into…如果把这句话中的free of改为without，虽然语法也正确，但地道性会稍逊。
Through vs By： 描述通过某个系统或网络分发时，首选 through (through a network of pipes)，强调穿过媒介。
常识与词汇的博弈 (Pumped vs Moved)
解析： 图中显示水从地下“向上”移动。根据物理常识，这通常需要动力。
此处使用 is pumped up，能体现逻辑严密性（顺带让词汇更丰富）；如果在考场上没想到这个表达，使用更平实的 moves up 也是安全的。
