2025年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）阅读理解Passage 1真题、做题步骤、答案解析、参考译文、重点词汇与表达
【真题】
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
All living organisms on Earth are exposed to a 24-hour day-night cycle. This cycle is the reason why people rest at night and are active during the day.Consequently, all human body functions also follow this daily rhythm, and the timing of behaviors like exercise or food intake can significantly influence your health. For example, eating at night can lead to weight gain over time because food intake at night leads to increased fat storage.
Many drug targets in the body follow a 24-hour cycle, too. This means that the specific proteins a drug is designed to modify can react differently to the medicine over the course of a 24-hour time period.Because how the body responds to a drug can differ depending on the time it is taken, it logically follows that taking medicines at specific times could help increase their effectiveness and reduce unwanted side effects.
When doctors prescribe medicine for people, they rarely consider the best time to take it. There are two main reasons for that oversight. First, many physicians are not aware that some drugs work better during a specific time of the day. And second, most drugs have not been studied for possible different effects during a 24-hour cycle. Therefore, patients are directed to take most drugs during the morning or evening primarily to ensure compliance.
Over 50 years ago, researchers found that the cholesterol drug simvastatin is more effective at lowering cholesterol levels when taken at night rather than during the day. This is because the liver enzyme (酶) these drugs target is more active at night.
Taking medicine at the wrong time can even cause harm. My colleagues and I wondered whether midazolam, the most common sedative (镇静剂) used in surgical procedures worldwide, might interfere with the internal clock that protects the heart at night. Currently, there are no guidelines regarding when midazolam should be administered.
More research is needed to determine the best times to administer treatments for different diseases. I believe taking drug timing into account could help make treatments more effective and help more people worldwide.
46. What do we learn from the passage about the timing of our behaviors?
A) It has a considerable impact on our health.
B) It confines us to a 24-hour day-night cycle.
C) It requires us to follow a particular rhythm.
D) It holds the key to all human body functions.
47. What does the author say about the proteins in our body?
A) They can modify the effects of medicines in different ways.
B) They can reduce unwanted side effects of certain medicines.
C) Their reaction to medicines changes during the day-night cycle.
D) Their design determines how differently they react to medicines.
48. What do doctors do when prescribing medicine for people?
A) They give little thought to the time of taking it for maximum effect.
B) They rarely consider which medicine works better for which patient.
C) They tell patients its possible side effects during a period of 24 hours.
D) They tell patients to comply with the directions of drug manufacturers.
49. Why do doctors advise patients to take most drugs in the morning or in the evening?
A) To discourage them from making complaints.
B) To ensure they take the drugs as instructed.
C) To comply with new research findings strictly.
D) To guarantee the maximum effect of the drugs.
50. What does the author suggest near the end of the passage?
A) Considering drug-taking timing when prescribing drugs for patients.
B) Making treatments less complex by taking drug timing into account.
C) Conducting more studies to find out the best timing for treating different diseases.
D) Finding out the most effective drugs for treating diseases through further research.
【做题步骤】
做阅读理解时，可以遵循以下步骤，提高效率和正确率：
Step 1：划出题干关键词
快速浏览5个题干，划出核心词，如：
46. timing of behaviors
47. proteins
48. doctors do when prescribing
49. advise patients...morning or evening
50. suggest near the end
目的：带着问题去读文章，明确阅读重点。
Step 2：通读全文，把握主旨
快速阅读文章，重点关注首段（引出话题）、每段首句（通常是段落中心思想）和尾段（作者结论/建议）。
本文主旨：探讨人体生物节奏与服药时间的关系，指出当前医疗实践的不足，并呼吁更多研究以确定最佳服药时间。
Step 3：原文定位，比对选项
根据题干关键词，回原文中找到对应的句子或段落。
46.timing of our behaviors定位到第一段
47.proteins in our body定位到第二段
48.doctors do when prescribing定位到第三段
49.advise patients...morning or evening定位到第三段末尾
50.suggest near the end定位到最后一段
将选项与原文信息进行比对，找出最匹配的答案，尤其注意同义替换。
Step 4：检查复核
确认所选答案与原文信息一致，排除绝对化、无中生有或与主旨不符的干扰项。
【答案解析】
46. What do we learn from the passage about the timing of our behaviors?
关于人类行为的时间安排，我们从文章中了解到什么?
答案：A) It has a considerable impact on our health.
解析：
定位句：第一段第三句“Consequently, all human body functions also follow this daily rhythm, and the timing of behaviors like exercise or food intake can significantly influence your health.”
该句提到，人体所有机能都遵循着24小时的昼夜节律，而运动或进食等行为的时间选择会对我们的健康状况产生显著影响。选项A“它对我们的健康有相当大的影响”与原文表述一致，为正确答案，其中has a considerable impact on our health对应原文中的significantly influence your health。
干扰项分析：
B) “confines us to”（限制我们），原文未提及限制，只是说明存在这个周期
C) “requires us to follow”（要求我们遵循），原文是客观描述，非要求
D) “holds the key to all human body functions”（掌握所有人体功能的关键），夸大其词，原文只说身体功能遵循这个节律
47. What does the author say about the proteins in our body?
关于我们体内的蛋白质，作者说了什么？
答案：C) Their reaction to medicines changes during the day-night cycle.
解析：
定位句：第二段第二句“This means that the specific proteins a drug is designed to modify can react differently to the medicine over the course of a 24-hour time period.”
该句提到，药物旨在调节的特定蛋白质在24小时内对药物的反应会有所不同。选项C“它们对药物的反应会随昼夜周期发生变化”与原文表述一致，为正确答案。
干扰项分析：
A) “They can modify the effects of medicines”（它们能改变药物效果），偷换主语，原文是药物来调节蛋白质，而非蛋白质改变药物
B) “reduce unwanted side effects”（减少不想要的副作用），这是后文提到的服药时间的作用，非蛋白质本身的功能
D) “Their design determines...”（它们的设计决定...），蛋白质不是被设计的，药物才是被设计的
48. What do doctors do when prescribing medicine for people?
医生在给人们开药时会做什么？
答案：A) They give little thought to the time of taking it for maximum effect.
解析：
定位句：第三段第一句“When doctors prescribe medicine for people, they rarely consider the best time to take it.”该句提到，医生在给患者开药时，很少会考虑服药的最佳时间。选项A“他们很少考虑在什么时候服药能发挥药物最佳效果”与原文表述一致，为正确答案，其中give little thought to是原文中rarely consider的同义替换。
干扰项分析：
B) “which medicine works better for which patient”（哪种药对哪个病人更好），原文讨论的是服药时间，非药物选择
C) “tell patients its possible side effects during a period of 24 hours”（告知病人24小时内的可能副作用），原文未提及医生会告知24小时内的副作用
D) “comply with the directions of drug manufacturers”（遵守药品制造商说明），原文说的是确保病人遵医嘱（compliance），非医生遵守制造商说明
49. Why do doctors advise patients to take most drugs in the morning or in the evening?
为什么医生建议患者在早晨或晚上服用大多数药物？
答案：B) To ensure they take the drugs as instructed.
解析：
定位句：第三段最后一句“Therefore, patients are directed to take most drugs during the morning or evening primarily to ensure compliance.”指导患者在早晨或晚上服药主要是为了确保他们遵医嘱服药，故选项B正确。选项中的as instructed与原文中的compliance为同义转述。
干扰项分析：
A) “To discourage them from making complaints”（阻止他们抱怨），未提及
C) “To comply with new research findings”（遵守新研究发现），未提及
D) “To guarantee the maximum effect”（保证最大效果），原文明确说医生很少考虑最佳时间，所以不是为了最大效果
50. What does the author suggest near the end of the passage?
作者在接近文末时提出了什么建议？
答案：C) Conducting more studies to find out the best timing for treating different diseases.
解析：
定位句：最后一段第一句“More research is needed to determine the best times to administer treatments for different diseases.”该句提到，还需要进行更多的研究，以确定针对不同疾病进行治疗的最佳时间。选项C“开展更多研究以确定治疗不同疾病的最佳用药时间”与原文表述一致，为正确答案。
干扰项分析：
A) “Considering drug-taking timing when prescribing drugs for patients”（给患者开处方时考虑服药时间），这是作者相信（believe）的， 文章最后一句“I believe taking drug timing into account could help make treatments more effective and help more people worldwide.”是指“我相信，考虑服药时间有助于提高治疗效果，并帮助世界上更多的人。”这是作者的观点，是作者在结尾处承接其提出的研究建议后所展望的理想结果，并非作者直接提出的行动建议。“给患者开处方时考虑服药时间”本身正确，但不是文章接近结尾时的建议。
B) “Making treatments less complex”（使治疗更简单），原文未提及
D) “Finding out the most effective drugs”（找出最有效的药物），偏离主题，文章讨论的是服药时间，非药物本身
注意：本题存在广泛的争议。新东方官网发布的答案是A（Considering...），bilibili网站新东方四六级“【四级阅读真题解析】25年12月第1套| 魏嵘老师 | 逐题保姆级讲解”视频讲解给的答案是C。
笔者认为选C。理由如下：
1）根据段落主题句优先原则，文章结尾的第一句话“More research is needed...”是段落主题句，概括了作者的核心呼吁；
2）这句话 “More research is needed...”是一个明确的呼吁和建议，而最后一句是作者基于该研究可能带来的好处的个人观点（believe）；
3）本题题干是：“What does the author suggest near the end of the passage?（作者在靠近文章末尾时提出了什么建议？）” 注意题干使用的是“near the end（靠近结尾）”而不是 “at the end（在结尾处）”，这一措辞对选择正确答案也至关重要。 “Near”允许范围涵盖到最后一段。
因此，C选项更精准地对应了作者在靠近文章末尾时提出的具体建议。
然而，新东方官网发布的答案是A，依据可能是：
1）“I believe...”是主观建议标记；
2）“taking...into account”与“Considering”为经典同义替换；
3）第二句是前一句的具体化解决方案。
Kimi给的答复是：这道题可能是“争议题”，A和C都有合理依据。
【参考译文】
All living organisms on Earth are exposed to a 24-hour day-night cycle. This cycle is the reason why people rest at night and are active during the day. [46] Consequently, all human body functions also follow this daily rhythm, and the timing of behaviors like exercise or food intake can significantly influence your health.For example, eating at night can lead to weight gain over time because food intake at night leads to increased fat storage.
地球上的所有生物都遵循着24小时的昼夜循环。这个循环就是人们夜晚休息、白天活动的原因。 [46] 因此，人体所有机能也都遵循着这一日常节奏，而像运动或进食这类行为的时间安排会显著影响你的健康。例如，长期夜间进食会导致体重增加，因为夜间进食更易转化为脂肪储存。
Many drug targets in the body follow a 24-hour cycle, too. [47] This means that the specific proteins a drug is designed to modify can react differently to the medicine over the course of a 24-hour time period.Because how the body responds to a drug can differ depending on the time it is taken, it logically follows that taking medicines at specific times could help increase their effectiveness and reduce unwanted side effects.
人体内的许多药物靶点也遵循24小时的循环。[47]这意味着，药物旨在调节的特定蛋白质在24小时内对药物的反应会有所不同。因为身体对药物的反应可能因服用时间而异，所以按理说，在特定时间服药有助于提高药效并减少不必要的副作用。
[48] When doctors prescribe medicine for people, they rarely consider the best time to take it.There are two main reasons for that oversight. First, many physicians are not aware that some drugs work better during a specific time of the day. And second, most drugs have not been studied for possible different effects during a 24-hour cycle. [49] Therefore, patients are directed to take most drugs during the morning or evening primarily to ensure compliance.
[48] 当医生为人们开药时，他们很少考虑最佳的服药时间。这种疏忽主要有两个原因。首先，许多医生没有意识到某些药物在一天中的特定时间效果更好。其次，大多数药物尚未经过24小时周期内可能产生的不同效果的研究。[49]因此，医生通常指导患者在早晨或晚上服药主要是为了确保他们遵医嘱服药。
Over 50 years ago, researchers found that the cholesterol drug simvastatin is more effective at lowering cholesterol levels when taken at night rather than during the day. This is because the liver enzyme (酶) these drugs target is more active at night.
50多年前，研究人员发现，降胆固醇药物辛伐他汀在夜间服用比白天服用更能有效降低胆固醇水平。这是因为这些药物针对的肝脏酶在夜间更活跃。
Taking medicine at the wrong time can even cause harm. My colleagues and I wondered whether midazolam, the most common sedative (镇静剂) used in surgical procedures worldwide, might interfere with the internal clock that protects the heart at night. Currently, there are no guidelines regarding when midazolam should be administered.
在错误的时间服药甚至可能造成伤害。我和同事们想知道，全球外科手术中最常用的镇静剂咪达唑仑是否会干扰夜间保护心脏的生物钟。目前，关于何时使用咪达唑仑尚无指导原则。
[50] More research is needed to determine the best times to administer treatments for different diseases.I believe taking drug timing into account could help make treatments more effective and help more people worldwide.
[50]还需要进行更多的研究，以确定针对不同疾病进行治疗的最佳时间。我相信，考虑服药时间有助于提高治疗效果，并帮助世界上更多的人。
【重点词汇与表达】
organism 生物，有机体
be exposed to 暴露于
rhythm 节奏，韵律
consequently 因此，所以
intake 摄入，吸入
significantly 显著地，重要地
modify 修改，改进，修饰
react to 对……作出反应
effectiveness 有效性，效果
side effect 副作用
prescribe 开（药），为……开处方
oversight 疏忽，失察
physician 医生，内科医师
be aware of 意识到，知道
compliance 遵从，服从
cholesterol 胆固醇
enzyme 酶
interfere with 干扰，妨碍
internal clock 生物钟
administer 给予（药物或治疗），执行
take...into account 考虑到，顾及
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