嗨,各位高三的同学和家长们!距离高考越来越近,词汇是英语提分的基石。今天为大家整理了15组高频核心词汇,搭配高考原句、考点解析,最后还有语法填空实战演练,帮你吃透考点,稳拿高分!
词汇精讲(按1-15顺序)
1. curtain /ˈkɜːtn/ n. 窗帘;幕布
高考原句(2021 全国甲卷 完形填空):
The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real mess.
窗帘掉下来了,灯也掉下来了,真是一团糟。
考点:熟词生义——除了“窗帘”,还可表示“幕布、帷幕”,如 the curtain of night(夜幕)。
2. enclose /ɪnˈkləʊz/ v. 围住;附上;装入
高考原句(模拟真题):
Please find enclosed a list of all necessary books and equipment.
随信附上所有必要书籍和设备的清单。
考点:常见搭配 enclose sth. with sth. (随…附上…),过去分词 enclosed 作形容词表示“封闭的、被围住的”。
3. fasten /ˈfɑːsn/ v. 系牢;扣紧;使固定
高考原句(高考真题):
For your own safety, please fasten your seat belts.
为了您的安全,请系好安全带。
考点:核心搭配 fasten sth. to/on sth. (把…固定在…上),如 fasten the notice to the board (把通知贴在布告板上)。
4. tight /taɪt/ adj. 紧的;紧身的;(时间)紧凑的
高考原句(2017 新课标Ⅰ卷 语法填空):
My schedule is tight, but I’ll try to fit you in.
我的计划很紧凑,但我会尽力把你安排进去。
考点:固定搭配 in a tight corner (处于困境);副词形式 tightly 用于动词前, tight 用于动词后,如 hold it tight/tightly (紧紧握住)。
5. tighten /ˈtaɪtn/ v.(使)变紧;拧紧;加强
高考原句(高考真题):
The thought of Nick made her throat tighten.
一想到尼克,她的喉咙就发紧。
考点:核心短语 tighten one’s belt (勒紧裤腰带,节衣缩食); tighten up (加强、收紧),如 tighten up security (加强安保)。
6. loose /luːs/ adj. 松的;宽松的;散漫的
高考原句(高考真题):
One of the screws has come loose.
有一颗螺丝松动了。
考点:易混词辨析——loose (形容词,松的) vs lose (动词,丢失) vs loss (名词,损失);固定搭配 break loose (挣脱、逃脱)。
7. loss /lɒs/ n. 损失;丧失;亏损
高考原句(2017 江苏卷 阅读理解):
The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.
全球变暖导致那里的冰川消融,对农业构成了巨大威胁。
考点:固定搭配 at a loss (不知所措);同根词 lose (v. 丢失)、 lost (adj. 迷路的/丢失的)。
8. frighten /ˈfraɪtn/ v. 使惊吓;吓唬
高考原句(2021 新高考II卷 阅读理解):
They frightened the children.
他们吓坏了孩子们。
考点:及物动词,后直接接宾语;frighten sb. to death (把某人吓得半死); frighten sb. into doing sth. (恐吓某人做某事)。
9. frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/ adj. 害怕的;受惊的
高考原句(2019 全国卷2 完形填空):
He had tried to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off.
他曾试图把狗哄到身边,但狗吓坏了,跑掉了。
考点:-ed 形容词修饰人,表示“感到…的”; frightening (-ing)修饰事物,表示“令人害怕的”。
10. fight /faɪt/ v./n. 打架;斗争;奋斗
高考原句(高考真题):
Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available.
对抗抑郁症的在线项目已经商业化。
考点:核心搭配 fight against/with sb./sth. (与…作斗争); fight for sth. (为…而战);过去式/过去分词 fought 。
11. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n. 消防员
高考原句(高考真题):
One of the greatest heartbreaks for firefighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building.
消防员最伤心的事情之一是,他们未能从燃烧的建筑中营救出一名儿童。
考点:合成词,由 fire (火)+ fighter (战士)构成,同类词: policeman (警察)、 fireman (消防员,旧称)。
12. threat /θret/ n. 威胁;恐吓;凶兆
高考原句(高考真题):
Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存构成巨大威胁。
考点:固定搭配 pose a threat to… (对…构成威胁); under threat (受到威胁);同根词 threaten (v. 威胁)。
13. threaten /ˈθretn/ v. 威胁;恐吓;危及
高考原句(2009 上海卷 语法填空):
David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
大卫威胁说,如果邻居不赔偿损失,就向警方告发他。
考点:核心用法 threaten to do sth. (威胁要做某事); threaten sb. with sth. (用…威胁某人)。
14. throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙;咽喉
高考原句(高考真题):
A fish bone got stuck in my throat.
一根鱼刺卡在了我的喉咙里。
考点:固定搭配 clear one’s throat (清嗓子); a sore throat (喉咙痛);生理描写类词汇,读后续写高频。
15. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突;矛盾 /kənˈflɪkt/ v. 冲突;抵触
高考原句(2015 全国卷1 阅读理解D):
Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.
反移民情绪通常会加剧,种族和阶级之间的冲突也是如此。
考点:名词重音在前,动词重音在后;固定搭配 in conflict with… (与…冲突); resolve a conflict (解决冲突),读后续写核心词汇。
语法填空实战演练
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A firefighter rushed into the burning house, where a child was hiding behind a 1.______ (loose) curtain. The smoke made his throat 2.______ (tighten), but he didn’t stop. He knew the child was 3.______ (frighten) and in great danger.
“Don’t be afraid!” he called, trying to 4.______ (fasten) his own oxygen mask more securely. The heat was a 5.______ (threat) to his life, but he couldn’t let the conflict between duty and fear stop him.
Finally, he found the child, who was 6.______ (lose) in panic. He lifted the child up, making sure to 7.______ (tighten) his grip, and ran out. Outside, he cleared his 8.______ (throat) and reported the situation. Later, the child’s parents thanked him, saying the fire could have caused a terrible 9.______ (lose) if he hadn’t acted so quickly. They also promised to never 10.______ (threaten) the child again with stories of “monsters in the dark.”
✅ 答案与解析
1.loose — 形容词修饰名词 curtain ,表示“松散的窗帘”。
2.tighten — 固定结构 make sth. do sth. ,用动词原形作宾补。
3.frightened — -ed 形容词修饰人 child ,表示“感到害怕的”。
4.fasten — 不定式 to do 作目的状语,用动词原形。
5.threat — 不定冠词 a 后接名词,构成 a threat to… 结构。
6.lost — 固定搭配 be lost in panic (陷入恐慌),用过去分词作表语。
7.tighten — 不定式 to do 作目的状语,用动词原形。
8.throat — 固定搭配 clear one’s throat (清嗓子),用名词原形。
9.loss — 形容词 terrible 后接名词,构成 cause a loss (造成损失)。
10.threaten — 不定式 to do 作 promise 的宾语,用动词原形。
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