高考核心词汇15组|真题例句+考点+语法填空|高效提分必背Day18

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高考核心词汇15组|真题例句+考点+语法填空|高效提分必背Day18

嗨,各位高三的同学和家长们!距离高考越来越近,词汇是英语提分的基石。今天为大家整理了15高频核心词汇搭配高考原句、考点解析,最后还有语法填空实战演练,帮你吃透考点,稳拿高分

词汇精讲(按1-15顺序)

1. curtain /ˈkɜːtn/ n. 窗帘;幕布

高考原句(2021 全国甲卷 完形填空):

The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real mess.

窗帘掉下来了,灯也掉下来了,真是一团糟。

考点:熟词生义——除了窗帘,还可表示幕布、帷幕,如 the curtain of night(夜幕)。

2. enclose /ɪnˈkləʊz/ v. 围住;附上;装入

高考原句(模拟真题):

Please find enclosed a list of all necessary books and equipment.

随信附上所有必要书籍和设备的清单。

考点:常见搭配 enclose sth. with sth. (随附上),过去分词  enclosed  作形容词表示封闭的、被围住的

3. fasten /ˈfɑːsn/ v. 系牢;扣紧;使固定

高考原句(高考真题):

For your own safety, please fasten your seat belts.

为了您的安全,请系好安全带。

考点:核心搭配 fasten sth. to/on sth. (把固定在上),如  fasten the notice to the board (把通知贴在布告板上)。

4. tight /taɪt/ adj. 紧的;紧身的;(时间)紧凑的

高考原句(2017 新课标卷 语法填空):

My schedule is tight, but I’ll try to fit you in.

我的计划很紧凑,但我会尽力把你安排进去。

考点:固定搭配 in a tight corner (处于困境);副词形式  tightly  用于动词前, tight  用于动词后,如  hold it tight/tightly (紧紧握住)。

5. tighten /ˈtaɪtn/ v.(使)变紧;拧紧;加强

高考原句(高考真题):

The thought of Nick made her throat tighten.

一想到尼克,她的喉咙就发紧。

考点:核心短语 tighten one’s belt (勒紧裤腰带,节衣缩食); tighten up (加强、收紧),如  tighten up security (加强安保)。

6. loose /luːs/ adj. 松的;宽松的;散漫的

高考原句(高考真题):

One of the screws has come loose.

有一颗螺丝松动了。

考点:易混词辨析——loose (形容词,松的) vs  lose (动词,丢失) vs  loss (名词,损失);固定搭配  break loose (挣脱、逃脱)。

7. loss /lɒs/ n. 损失;丧失;亏损

高考原句(2017 江苏卷 阅读理解):

The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.

全球变暖导致那里的冰川消融,对农业构成了巨大威胁。

考点:固定搭配 at a loss (不知所措);同根词  lose v. 丢失)、 lost adj. 迷路的/丢失的)。

8. frighten /ˈfraɪtn/ v. 使惊吓;吓唬

高考原句(2021 新高考II卷 阅读理解):

They frightened the children.

他们吓坏了孩子们。

考点:及物动词,后直接接宾语;frighten sb. to death (把某人吓得半死); frighten sb. into doing sth. (恐吓某人做某事)。

9. frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/ adj. 害怕的;受惊的

高考原句(2019 全国卷完形填空):

He had tried to coax () the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off.

他曾试图把狗哄到身边,但狗吓坏了,跑掉了。

考点:-ed  形容词修饰人,表示感到 frightening -ing)修饰事物,表示令人害怕的

10. fight /faɪt/ v./n. 打架;斗争;奋斗

高考原句(高考真题):

Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available.

对抗抑郁症的在线项目已经商业化。

考点:核心搭配 fight against/with sb./sth. (与作斗争); fight for sth. (为而战);过去式/过去分词  fought 

11. firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n. 消防员

高考原句(高考真题):

One of the greatest heartbreaks for firefighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building.

消防员最伤心的事情之一是,他们未能从燃烧的建筑中营救出一名儿童。

考点:合成词,由 fire (火)+  fighter (战士)构成,同类词: policeman (警察)、 fireman (消防员,旧称)。

12. threat /θret/ n. 威胁;恐吓;凶兆

高考原句(高考真题):

Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存构成巨大威胁。

考点:固定搭配 pose a threat to… (对构成威胁); under threat (受到威胁);同根词  threaten v. 威胁)。

13. threaten /ˈθretn/ v. 威胁;恐吓;危及

高考原句(2009 上海卷 语法填空):

David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.

大卫威胁说,如果邻居不赔偿损失,就向警方告发他。

考点:核心用法 threaten to do sth. (威胁要做某事); threaten sb. with sth. (用威胁某人)。

14. throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙;咽喉

高考原句(高考真题):

A fish bone got stuck in my throat.

一根鱼刺卡在了我的喉咙里。

考点:固定搭配 clear one’s throat (清嗓子); a sore throat (喉咙痛);生理描写类词汇,读后续写高频。

15. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突;矛盾 /kənˈflɪkt/ v. 冲突;抵触

高考原句(2015 全国卷阅读理解D):

Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.

反移民情绪通常会加剧,种族和阶级之间的冲突也是如此。

考点:名词重音在前,动词重音在后;固定搭配 in conflict with… (与冲突); resolve a conflict (解决冲突),读后续写核心词汇。

语法填空实战演练

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A firefighter rushed into the burning house, where a child was hiding behind a 1.______ (loose) curtain. The smoke made his throat 2.______ (tighten), but he didn’t stop. He knew the child was 3.______ (frighten) and in great danger.

“Don’t be afraid!” he called, trying to 4.______ (fasten) his own oxygen mask more securely. The heat was a 5.______ (threat) to his life, but he couldn’t let the conflict between duty and fear stop him.

Finally, he found the child, who was 6.______ (lose) in panic. He lifted the child up, making sure to 7.______ (tighten) his grip, and ran out. Outside, he cleared his 8.______ (throat) and reported the situation. Later, the child’s parents thanked him, saying the fire could have caused a terrible 9.______ (lose) if he hadn’t acted so quickly. They also promised to never 10.______ (threaten) the child again with stories of “monsters in the dark.”

✅ 答案与解析

1.loose — 形容词修饰名词  curtain ,表示松散的窗帘

2.tighten — 固定结构  make sth. do sth. ,用动词原形作宾补。

3.frightened —  -ed  形容词修饰人  child ,表示感到害怕的

4.fasten — 不定式  to do  作目的状语,用动词原形。

5.threat — 不定冠词  a  后接名词,构成  a threat to…  结构。

6.lost — 固定搭配  be lost in panic (陷入恐慌),用过去分词作表语。

7.tighten — 不定式  to do  作目的状语,用动词原形。

8.throat — 固定搭配  clear one’s throat (清嗓子),用名词原形。

9.loss — 形容词  terrible  后接名词,构成  cause a loss (造成损失)。

10.threaten — 不定式  to do  作  promise  的宾语,用动词原形。

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