真题解析
该柱状图比较了某欧洲国家2005–2008 年三种垃圾处理方式：landfill、burning 和 dumping at sea。总体来看，填埋量持续大幅下降，而焚烧量稳步上升并在2008年成为主要方式；海洋倾倒则整体略有下降。写作时可按 时间趋势+ 方式对比展开：先概括总体趋势，再分别描述三种处理方式的变化，并在关键年份（如2005与2008）进行对比，以突出处理方式结构的明显转变。
高分范文
The bar chart illustrates the quantity of waste disposed of in a European country through three distinct methodsencompassing landfill, burning, and dumping at seabetween 2005 and 2008.
Overall, landfill was initially the predominant disposal method【主要的处理方式】, but its usage declined markedly over the period. By contrast, burning experienced a steady increase and ultimately became the most widely used technique in 2008. Meanwhile, dumping waste at sea showed only minor fluctuations and followed a slight downward trend overall.
In 2005, landfill accounted for the largest amount of waste disposal, reaching approximately 1,800 million tonnes. This figure wasconsiderably higher than【明显高于】 the other two methods, with burning and sea dumping standing at roughly 500 and 600 million tonnes respectively. However, the volume of waste sent to landfill decreased dramatically【大幅下降】in the following years, falling to about 1,200 million tonnes in 2006 and further dropping to around 900 million tonnes in 2007.
The downward trendcontinued steadily【持续稳定地】 into 2008, when landfill disposal fell to approximately 600 million tonnes. This represents a substantial reduction【显著减少】 of nearly two-thirds compared with the initial level recorded in 2005.
In contrast, the amount of waste treated through burning rose consistently【持续上升】 throughout the period. It increased from around 500 million tonnes in 2005 to about 600 million tonnes in 2006, before climbing to roughly 700 million tonnes in 2007. By 2008, burning had reached approximately 900 million tonnes, thereby surpassing landfill to become the dominant method【超过填埋并成为主要方式】 of waste disposal.
As fordumping waste at sea, the figure experienced a slight rise from about 600 million tonnes in 2005 to around 650 million tonnes in 2006. Afterwards, it declined gradually【逐渐下降】, reaching approximately 600 million tonnes in 2007 and 550 million tonnes in 2008. Overall, the chart indicates a clear shift in waste management strategies【垃圾处理策略的转变】, with burning increasingly replacing landfill as the primary approach.
柱状图20个必备替换表达
一、表示“占据”
account for【占据，占比】
The landfill method accounted for the largest proportion of waste disposal in 2005【占据最大比例】.
constitute【构成，占据】
Burningconstituted a relatively small share of waste treatment at the beginning of the period【构成较小比例】.
make up【构成】
Sea dumpingmade up approximately one third of the total waste disposal in 2006【构成约三分之一】.
二、表示“上升”
rise steadily【稳步上升】
The amount of waste treated by burningrose steadily throughout the period【稳步上升】.
increase significantly【显著增长】
The figureincreased significantly between 2006 and 2008【显著增长】.
climb gradually【逐渐上升】
The quantity of waste burnedclimbed gradually over the four years【逐渐上升】.
experience a surge【激增】
Burningexperienced a surge in the final year【出现激增】.
三、表示“下降”
decline sharply【急剧下降】
Landfill usagedeclined sharply after 2005【急剧下降】.
drop dramatically【大幅下降】
The amountdropped dramatically in the last year【大幅下降】.
fall steadily【持续下降】
The figurefell steadily from 2005 to 2008【持续下降】.
undergo a reduction【经历减少】
The landfill methodunderwent a substantial reduction during the period【经历显著减少】.
四、表示“最高/ 最低”
the highest figure was recorded in…【最高值出现在】
Thehighest figure was recorded in 2005 for landfill disposal【最高值出现在2005年】.
reach a peak of【达到峰值】
Burningreached a peak of around 900 million tonnes in 2008【达到峰值】.
the lowest level was observed in…【最低值出现在】
The lowest level was observedfor sea dumping in 2008【最低值出现在2008年】.
五、表示“对比”
in contrast【相比之下】
In contrast, burning showed an upward trend throughout the period【相比之下呈上升趋势】.
by comparison【相比之下】
By comparison, sea dumping remained relatively stable【相比之下保持稳定】.
whereas【然而】
Landfill decreased significantly,whereas burning rose steadily【然而焚烧上升】.
六、表示“超过”
surpass【超过】
Burningsurpassed landfill in 2008【超过填埋】.
overtake【超越】
Burning eventuallyovertook landfill as the dominant disposal method【最终超越】.
七、表示“趋势”
a clear shift can be observed【可以观察到明显转变】
A clear shift can be observed in waste management strategies over the period【垃圾处理策略出现明显变化】.
