高考真题中的长难句分析

1. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.

句意为：例如，一条污浊的小溪，在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后，通常会变得清澈。  

本句中for example为插入语，after flowing through plants and along rocks ... 为时间状语，其中包含一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rocks。

     
2. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

句意为：在第一部分中，我论述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先探讨了到底是什么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受，然后对数字极简主义生活准则进行详细讨论。

starting with … 为分词结构作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词forces。

3. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

句意为：在这三十天结束时，你可以恢复少量精心挑选的，你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。

that引导定语从句，修饰先行词online activities；you value为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词the things。

4. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.

句意为：你将了解到这些参与者的故事，知悉哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。

learn后有两个由what引导的宾语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词traps。

5. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.

句意为：在这些章节中，我探讨了独处的重要性，以及培养高质量休闲活动的必要性等问题，以取代现在大多数人漫无目的地使用电子设备而花费的时间。

most now spend on … 为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词 the time，most意为“大多数人”。

6. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.

句意为：这项研究的重要发现是，当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时，这些群体（估算）的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。

本句主干是个主系表结构：the key finding of the study was that ...；that引导的表语从句由一个主从复合句构成，其中when引导的条件状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups，主句the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals中的those指代the averages。

1. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.

句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就已有展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。

句子主干是：The image of the reader appears throughout history。in art …作状语，made long before books … came into being作后置定语，修饰art；as we now know them为插入语。

2. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.

句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。

本句为主从复合句，主句的主干为artists have used them as the raw material for artworks。as引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词-ing短语作伴随状语。

3. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.

句意为：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。

句子主干是：They surveyed several hundred park-goers；asking them ... nature in the park 作伴随状语；伴随状语中 they had with nature in the park 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。

4. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.

句意为：为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。

句子主干是：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词language，该定语从句中又包含另一个定语从句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词activities。

A

1. Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

2. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

B

1. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

2. Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

3. "It takes a lot for any student," Whaley explains, "especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say,  'I don't know, but I want to know.'"

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

C

1. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

2. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

3. The keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

4. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

阅读七选五

If the air you're breathing is clean—which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

完形

Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

语法填空

Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.

分析：_____________________________

翻译：_____________________________

参考解析：

A

1. 句意为：一年到头都可以上政府网页了解项目和有用的线上工具，这些工具能够帮助30岁以下的人增强技能，找到工作或者创业。

2. 句意为：通过暑期工项目，学生每年能够得到各种各样的暑期工作，工作地点包括省公共服务机构，及与之相关的机构和社区组织。

B

1. 句意为：他有着明亮的黑眼睛，看起来像是那种喜欢在公众场合演讲的孩子。

2. 句意为：Whaley回想起年初的时候，当要Chris朗读时，他就会请求去一趟卫生间。when called upon to read句中省略了he was。

3. 句意为：Whaley解释道，“对于任何一个学生来说，尤其是英语作为新语言学习的学生，自信地说出‘我不知道，但我想知道’需要付出很多。”

C

1. 句意为：这种智能键盘精确地测量人打字的节奏和按压每个键的力度。本句包含一个由which引导的定语从句修饰the cadence。

2. 句意为：通过分析一些数据，例如使用者的打字力度和按键时间，(这种) 键盘可以提供一层强有力的安全措施。

3. 句意为：(这种) 键盘能确定人的身份，然后确定是否可以让他们访问已连接的电脑，不管这个人是否输入了正确的密码。the computer it's connected to是省略了关系代词的定语从句。

4. 句意为：根据参与者如何打字，从这台装置上收集来的数据可以用来辨认他们，错误率极低。collected from the device作定语修饰data，based on how they typed作方式状语修饰recognize, with very low error rates作伴随状语修饰recognize。

阅读七选五

句意为：如果你呼吸的空气是干净的——倘若你远离城市的烟雾，空气应该是干净的——那么空气里满是让人充满活力与生命力的氧气。本句为if 引导的条件状语从句，其中which it would be 是对前面进行解释说明，指代 “the air you're are breathing is clean”整句话。

完形

11. 句意为：乞力马扎罗山是该得到一个人满为患，安静被破坏的这样的名声吗?a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace中with … 为with复合结构作mountain的后置定语，在这个结构中，tourists和ruin之间为主动的关系，因此用了ruining。

语法填空

句意为：对此，科学家们的回应是，饥饿的北极熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致人们产生一种错觉，认为它们的数量比实际数量要多。本句中有两个that引导的从句，第一个that引导宾语从句，作noting的宾语;第二个that引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词the illusion。