（教师专用 · 结构清晰 · 学生易懂）
一、什么是定语从句？
一句话：用来修饰名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。
- 被修饰的名词/代词 → 先行词
- 连接先行词和从句的词 → 关系词
- 结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
二、基础用法 & 常见考法
（一）关系词的基本用法
1. 先行词是人
- who：在从句中作主语或宾语
- whom：在从句中只作宾语
- that：人、物都可用
例句
The girl who is singing is my sister.
The boy who/whom/that you met is my friend.
真题巩固
The man ____ is talking with my father is a teacher.
A. who B. which C. whose
2. 先行词是物
- which：作主语或宾语
- that：人、物通用
例句
The book that/which is on the desk is mine.
The book that/which I bought is interesting.
真题巩固
The book ____ I bought yesterday is very good.
A. who B. which C. where
3. 表示所属关系“……的”
- whose + 名词
例句
This is the boy whose father is a doctor.
真题巩固
I like the teacher ____ classes are interesting.
A. who B. whom C. whose
4. 关系副词（从句结构完整，不缺成分时使用）
- 先行词是时间 → when
- 先行词是地点 → where
- 先行词是 reason → why
例句
I remember the day when I joined the club（句子完整）.
This is the school where I studied（句子完整）.
This is the reason why he was late（句子完整）.
真题巩固
I remember the day ____ I came to this school.
A. when B. that C. which
This is the city ____ I was born.
A. that B. where C. which
三、怎么判断句子完整？(核心判断方法)
1. 及物动词 vs 不及物动词（学生必懂）
- 及物动词：后面能直接加名词（句子不🙅🏻完整，缺宾语）
visit, spend, reach, see, buy
- 不及物动词：后面不能直接加名词（句子完整，不缺成分）
work, live, stay, arrive
2. 做题规则（最核心）
- 从句缺主语或宾语 → 使用 that / which / who
- 从句不缺主语、不缺宾语，句子完整 → 使用 when / where / why
第1组：visit（及物）vs work（不及物）
例句
This is the factory that/which I visited（visit后要接东西，缺宾语）.
This is the factory where I worked（work后不接东西，完整了）.
真题巩固
This is the museum ____ we visited last year.
A. where B. that C. when
This is the factory ____ my father worked.
A. that B. where C. which
第2组：spend（及物）vs stay（不及物）
例句
I’ll never forget the day that/which I spent.
I remember the day when I stayed.
真题巩固
I’ll remember the day ____ I spent with you.
A. when B. that C. where
I remember the day ____ I joined the club.
A. when B. that C. which
第3组：reach（及物）vs arrive（不及物）
例句
This is the city that/which I reached.
This is the city where I arrived.
真题巩固
This is the city ____ we reached last week.
A. where B. that C. when
This is the city ____ I was born.
A. that B. where C. which
第4组：see（及物）vs live（不及物）
例句
This is the village that/which I saw.
This is the village where I live.
真题巩固
This is the village ____ we saw last year.
A. that B. where C. when
This is the village ____ I live.
A. that B. where C. which
四、中考高频易错点
1. 关系词作宾语时可以省略；作主语时绝对不能省略！
2. 从句必须用陈述语序
错×：I know the man who is he.
对✓：I know the man who he is.
3. 定语从句的主谓一致（高频易错）
① one of + 复数名词 + who + 复数动词
He is one of the boys who like playing football.
② the only one of + 复数名词 + who + 单数动词
He is the only one of the boys who likes playing football.
口诀：有 the only 用单数，没有 the only 用复数。
4. 介词 + 关系词（重点难点）
- 先行词是人：介词 + whom
- 先行词是物：介词 + which
- 绝对不能用 that
例句
This is the room in which I live.
The man to whom I talked is my teacher.
真题巩固
This is the house in ____ I lived two years ago.
A. that B. which C. who
5. what 不是定语从句关系词
错×：the book what I bought
对✓：the book that/which I bought
五、特殊用法（一）只能用 that / 只能用 which
1. 只能用 that（5种情况）
① 先行词被最高级修饰
② 先行词被序数词修饰
③ 先行词是 all, everything, nothing 等不定代词
④ 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰
⑤ 先行词既有人又有物
2. 只能用 which（2种情况）
① 介词提前时：介词 + which
② 逗号后面（非限制性定语从句）
真题巩固
This is the best book ____ I have ever read.
A. which B. that C. what
The room in ____ he lives is very big.
A. that B. which C. who
六、特殊用法（二）限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句（无逗号）
- 作用：限定范围，说明是哪一个
- 不能删，删后意思不完整
- that 可用
- 关系词作宾语时可省略
2. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）
- 作用：补充说明
- 删后句子仍然完整
- 绝对不能用 that
- 关系词不能省略
- 人：who / whom
- 物：which
真题巩固
His brother ____ works in Shanghai is a doctor.
A. who B. that C. which
His brother, ____ works in Shanghai, is a doctor.
A. who B. that C. which
七、必背经典句型
The first place ____ we visited was the Great Wall.
This is the reason ____ he was late.
All ____ he can do is wait.
八、定语从句历年真题 (30 道)
1. The girl ______ is wearing a blue dress is my sister.
A. who B. which C. what D. whose
2. This is the dictionary ______ I bought yesterday.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
3. I like the teacher ______ classes are very interesting.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
4. The book ______ you bought is very useful.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
5. The man ______ we met just now is my uncle.
A. which B. who C. what D. where
6. This is the room ______ we lived last year.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
7. I will never forget the day ______ I joined the Party.
A. when B. where C. which D. who
8. The park ______ we visited yesterday is very beautiful.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
9. The boy ______ you are looking for is in the classroom.
A. which B. whose C. whom D. where
10. Is this the factory ______ you visited last month?
A. where B. which C. when D. who
11. He is the boy ______ helped me with my English.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
12. The woman ______ son is a doctor is Mrs. Green.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
13. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
14. Everything ______ you said is true.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
15. Is there anything ______ I can do for you?
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
16. This is the first place ______ we visited in Beijing.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
17. The only thing ______ we can do is to wait.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
18. Who is the man ______ is standing under the tree?
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
19. They talked about the teachers and schools ______ they remembered.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
20. The town ______ we live is very beautiful.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
21. I live in a house ______ window faces south.
A. which B. whose C. where D. that
22. Do you know the boy ______ father is a policeman?
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
23. The reason ______ he was late was that he got up late.
A. why B. which C. that D. what
24. I still remember the college and the teachers ______ I visited in London.
A. what B. who C. that D. which
25. The student ______ you want to see has arrived.
A. which B. whom C. what D. whose
26. This is the way ______ he solved the problem.
A. what B. why C. that D. where
27. The computer ______ I bought last week works very well.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
28. We all like the story ______ is very interesting.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
29. She is the girl ______ you met at the party.
A. which B. whom C. what D. where
30. The present ______ he gave me is very nice.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
参考答案
1. 讲义小练习答案
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B
2. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B
3. B 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A
4. B 17. A 18. A
必背句型答案
1. that
2. why / for which
3. that
30道真题答案 + 极简解析
1. A 先行词是人，作主语用 who
2. B 先行词是物，作宾语用 which
3. C 表示“谁的”，用 whose
4. C 先行词是物，用 which/that
5. B 先行词是人，作宾语用 who/whom
6. C 先行词是地点，作状语用 where
7. A 先行词是时间，作状语用 when
8. C 先行词是物，作宾语用 which
9. C 先行词是人，作宾语用 whom
10. B 先行词是物，用 which/that
11. C 先行词是人，作主语用 who
12. C 表示“谁的儿子”，用 whose
13. B 最高级后只能用 that
14. B 不定代词 everything 后用 that
15. B 不定代词 anything 后用 that
16. C 有序数词 first 后用 that
17. B 有 the only 后用 that
18. C 句首已有 who，避免重复用 that
19. A 既有人又有物，用 that
20. C 先行词是地点，作状语用 where
21. B 表示“房子的窗户”，用 whose
22. C 表示“谁的爸爸”，用 whose
23. A the reason 后用 why
24. C 既有人又有物，用 that
25. B 先行词是人，作宾语用 whom
26. C the way 后面用 that
27. C 先行词是物，用 which
28. B 先行词是物，作主语用 which
29. B 先行词是人，作宾语用 whom
30. C 先行词是物，作宾语用 which
