规则变化：
1.一般情况+s.
umbrella--umbrellas,human--humans,flower--flowers,habit--habits,
nurse--nurses,poem--poems,magazine--magazines，hospital--hospitals,
patient--patients,pioneer--pioneers,village--villages
2.s,x,ch,sh结尾+es.
fox--foxes, coach--coaches
注意stomach--stomachs
3.辅音字母+y结尾, y变i,+es.
activity--activities, city--cities, hobby--hobbies,baby--babies,country--countries, factory--factories, lady--ladies
以元音字母+y结尾的词, 直接+s.
toy--toys, key--keys，monkey--monkeys,
4.f或fe结尾, 把f或fe去掉+ves
half--halves, life--lives, wife--wives, wolf--wolves, thief--thieves
5.o结尾, 一般+s
radio--radios, photo--photos,video--videos,
特殊：tomato--tomatoes, potato--potatoes,
不规则变化：
child--children, tooth--teeth, woman--women, man--men,sheep--sheep
二、不可数名词：
常见不可数名词：
advice建议,information信息, news消息, progress进步, weather天气, honey蜂蜜, grass玻璃, nature自然, bamboo竹子, sand沙子, land陆地, silk丝绸, cotton棉花, medicine药knowledge知识,power权力,pride骄傲, safety安全,wealth财富, warmth温暖,health健康,mind介意,service服务,fairness公平, silence沉默,shyness羞涩, grammar语法kindness善良,pain疼痛, satisfaction满足
三、既可作可数名词也可不可数名词
单词 | 可数 | 不可数 | 单词 | 可数 | 不可数 |
room | 房间 | 空间 | paper | 试卷 | 纸 |
glass | 玻璃杯，眼镜 | 玻璃 | chicken | 小鸡 | 鸡肉 |
orange | 橘子 | 橙汁 | fish | 鱼类 | 鱼肉 |
time | 次数 | 时间 | work | 著作，作品 | 工作 |
exercise | 练习 | 锻炼 |
四、易出错名词
development发展,improvement进步, importance重要性, agreement同意, excitement激动,population人口conversation交谈, temperature温度, situation场合, government政府,environment环境, instruction说明, introduction介绍,instrument仪器, invention发明invitation邀请,appearance外貌, quality质量,personality性格
1.非延续性动词 变 延续性动词+时间段(for...,since...,how long...)
1）换词：buy– have买 borrow—keep借 become—be成为
2）be+名词：join the party –be a member of the party加入（...组织）
be+介词短语:
arrive in/at---be in/at到达,
go to—be in去,
have been to—have been in去过
be+形容词：
die —be dead死
wake up – be awake醒
fall asleep –be asleep睡着
lose---be lost迷路，丢失
close– be closed关闭
open –be open开门、营业
get married - be married结婚
be+副词：
begin (start)—be on 开始、上映
finish (end) – be over结束
come here (go there)–be here/there来到...
get up-be up起床
come back-be back回来
2.情态动词：can，may，must, should, would, could, might 没有人称和数的变化
回答：提问must、need---肯定must, 否定needn’t/ don’t have to
提问may----否定回答：mustn't
3. 表肯定推测
might, may, could,（可能，也许）完全肯定must；完全否定can’t
注意：Could you tell me+宾语从句: could表示委婉语气，用can/can’t回答。
4.系动词口诀
一是be
一好像seem
三保持keep, stay, remain
四变化become, get, turn, fall
五感官look, smell, sound, taste, feel
5. 系动词后必须跟形容词，无进行时、无被动
6. 疑问词+to do
what to do, how to do it（宾语）= what I can do, how I can doit（宾语）
7.非谓语动词：一个句子中，两个动词之间不能连用, 第二个动词变为非谓语动词：
1）+to构成不定式 2）+doing 3) 变成从句
1) want, wish,hope, expect, would like, care, learn, plan, prepare, agree, promise, offer, refuse, decide, fail, manage, warn, make up one’s mind,be supposed, afford+to do
2) 两让 let, make, 两见hear, see+省to的不定式; 被动要加to,例如：be made to do...
3）finish, practice, avoid, allow, consider, imagine, suggest, enjoy, mind, be worth,
be busy, give up, put off, keep (on), can’t help, feel like, stick to, look forward to, pay attention to, get used to, have problems / trouble / difficulty (in) , be close to,
be halfway to+doing
4)remember, forget , stop, need+to do/doing
1.一般现在时
构成：主语+v原形+其他
或主语（三单）+v单数+其他
1)标志词： always, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never，every day / month / year
on Sundays, once a day, twice a week, three times a year等
2) 宾语从句客观事实、真理、自然现象
3) 状语从句if,unless,until, as soon as,when, after,before主句一般将来时态,从句一般现在时态
2. 一般过去时
构成：主语+v.过去式+其他
1) yesterday, last, ago,just now, that day, in 2020, on Feb.1 2008
2）and/but 连接两个动词的过去式 如:He put down his bag and went out.
3) 过去经常或反复，有过去时间，often 等词失去作用。 如:He often swam last year.
3. 一般将来时
构成：will +v.原形 或 am/is/are going to+do
1）tomorrow, next Sunday, in three days, soon, at once, in a moment, right away, in 2030
2) 状语从句中“主将从现” I will go there if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
4. 现在进行时
构成：am/is/are+doing
1)标志词：now, at the moment, at present, these days, Look! Listen! Keep quiet! Don’t make noise!
2) 语境: ---Where’s Mary? --- She’s doing her homework in her room。
--- Can you help me? --- Sorry, I’m fixing up the bike.
5.过去进行时
构成：was/were+doing
1) at this time yesterday, at 8 o’clock last night, at that time
2) when, while等引导的时间状语从句
主句（过去进行时）+when从句（一般过去时） They were sleeping when the storm came.
主句（一般过去时）+while 从句（过去进行时）The storm came while they were sleeping.
3)while 前后表对比
His father was reading a newspaper while his mother was cooking dinner.
4)语境 --I called you last night, but nobody answered.
--I was having a conversation with my parents.
6.现在完成时
构成：have/has+v.过去分词
1) already (肯), yet (否、疑）, ever, never(否定), just, before,
2) 与次数连用
3) so far , in the last/ past+时间段, recently
4) for +时间段, since+ 过去时间点 since last month, since two days ago, since 1990
一般过去时句子since he came to China
5) 与for和since连用, 动词要持续。
1.一般现在时中动词的三单形式
1）一般情况+ s. play--plays
2）s, x, sh, ch结尾+ es.
guess--guesses fix-- fixes mix--mixes wash-- washes watch-- watches
2)辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ es.
study--studies fly--flies copy--copies carry--carried
不规则变化: have--has do--does go--goes
2.动词的现在分词
1）一般情况+-ing.
wait--waiting copy--copying eat--eating
2）不发音字母e结尾，去e+-ing.
take--taking choose--choosing lose--losing write--writingride--riding hide-hiding
3）一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写结尾字母+-ing.
win--winning stop--stopping begin--beginning shut-- shuttinghit--hitting
plan--planning chat--chatting step--stepping
4）ie结尾，变ie为y, +-ing.
die--dying lie--lyingtie--tying
3.动词的过去式、过去分词
1）一般情况+ed. play--played, enjoy--enjoyed
2）不发音字母e结尾+d. live--lived, dance--danced
3）辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i +ed.
carry--carried, study--studied, worry--worried, try--tried, reply--replied
4）一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节, 双写结尾字母+ing
stop--stopped plan--planned prefer--preferred
hug--hugged drop--dropped
不规则变化：
【AAA】：cut put shut hit hurt let spread
【AAB】：beat-beat-beaten
【ABB】：
-aught:
catch--caught--caught,teach--taught--taught,
-ought:
bring--brought--brought,buy-bought--bought,think--thought-thought,fight-fought-fought
-t:
build-built--built, send-sent--sent, lend-lent--lent,sit-sat--sat,
smell-smelt--smelt,feel-felt--felt, mean-meant--meant,lose-lost--lost,
get-got--got, meet-met--met, deal-dealt--dealt
其它：
hear-heard--heard,have-had--had,pay-paid--paid,say-said--said,lay-laid--laid,sell-sold--sold,find-found--found,stand-stood--stood,feed-fed--fed,lead-led--led,understand-understood--understood
1.句子成分
1) 修饰名词、不定代词等：前置, 后置 a tall boy/ something interesting
2) 作表语：系动词后 He feels good. He is nice.
2. -ed人感到…，-ing物本身…
relaxing, relaxed / surprising, surprised /exciting, excited / interesting, interested/ amazing, amazed
boring, bored/ embarrassing, embarrassed/ tiring, tired / touching (moving) / touched (moved)
3. 系动词+adj.
a开头: afraid，awake，alone，alive，asleep
1) 表状态 2) 只做表语 (be/feel + …)
4. 比较级（两者之间只有比较级）
1） 两者，than, A or B, of the two（the+比较级）
2） 越来越：比+and+比：taller and taller， more and more serious
3） the+比…，the+比… 越……就越……The more, the better. 越多越好。
4） 修饰比较级的词：a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far, still
5. 同级比较（用原级）
1）as…as…和……一样 as tall as me和我一样高
2）not so/as…as… 不如… not as tall as me 不如我高
6. 最高级（三者或三者以上才有最高级）
1）三者, of , in +范围，A or B or C, 定语从句 (of the three, of all, in the world, ...that I’ve ever seen.)
2）adj.最高级必须加the, adv.最高级the可省。
3）one of the +最高级+n.复数+v.单数
4）the+序数词+最高级 第几最 the second tallest boy
7. 级别转换（意思不变）
1）the tallest of the boys =taller than any other boy = taller than the other boys
2）not so…as转than:He is not as strong as me.= He is weaker than me
English is not so difficult as Math.=English is less difficult than Math.
8. 其他
1）不定代词+adj.something strange，something else
2）adj.+enoughimportant enough (enough用法：形副e名+to do)
3）make sb +adj. make me relaxed
4）the + adj. 指一类人the rich富人/ the poor穷人（复数名词）
5）well(adj.) 指身体好feel well (n.) 井；(adv.) 好do well in, play basketball well
9. 需背诵
1）单音节、双音节+er/est
① er/ est
cheap 廉价的；便宜的clear清楚易懂的;晴朗的
cool妙极的；酷的
cruel残酷的;残忍的few 不多；很少
fresh新鲜的；清新的
glad高兴；愿意
high高的（地）
long长的
loud响亮的；大声的
low 低的new新的；刚出现的
poor贫穷的；清贫的
quiet安静的rich富有的
short短的；矮的
slow缓慢的；迟缓的
young幼小的；年轻的
smooth悦耳的;平滑的
straight直的
strict 严格的；严厉的
strong强烈的;强壮的
thick 浓的；黏稠的
warm温暖的
②r/ st
close近的cute可爱的；机灵的large大号的；大的
late迟到nice令人愉快的；宜人的safe安全的;无危险的
simple简单的；易做的wide宽的
③辅+ y→ ier /iest
angry发怒的，生气的
crazy不理智的;疯狂的
dirty脏的
dry干燥的easy容易的；不费力的
empty空的;空洞的
hungry饥饿的heavy重的
funny奇怪的；滑稽好笑的
lazy懒散的；懒惰的
lucky幸运的
noisy吵闹的
rainy阴雨的；多雨的
sleepy困倦的;瞌睡的
snowy下雪的
sunny晴朗的
thirsty渴望的;口渴的
tidy整洁的；井井有条的
ugly丑陋的;难看的
friendly友好的
lively生气勃勃，鲜艳的
lovely可爱的
shy羞怯的；腼腆的
④ 双写+er/ est
big, hot, fat, red, sad, mad, wet, glad, thin, fit （健康的）
2) more/ most+原级：
interesting, outgoing, difficult, beautiful, important, harmful, comfortable, convenient,popular, exciting, careful, useful, honest, boring, often, bored，serious, active, tired, terrible
3) 不规则变化：两好、两坏、两多一少、一远一老
good/well-better-best
bad/ill-worse-worse
many/much-more-most
little-less-least
far-father-father (距离远近) far-further-furthest (程度深浅)
old-older-oldest (物品新旧) old-elder-eldest (兄弟姐妹长幼)
一、修饰adj.实意v.或全句
very good/ run quickly/ Luckily, he was not badly hurt.
非常喜欢 like ....very much / like ...a lot
二、1.比较级最高级参考形容词2. 副词最高级前可以不加the
三、需背诵：(注意adj与adv的转变，注意词缀ly)
1. 加ly变adv.
actually真实地；事实上
badly-worse-worst严重地，差，非常
beautifully美好地；漂亮地
carefully认真地，仔细地
carelessly 粗心地
certainly 当然，肯定
cheaply便宜地
clearly清楚地
differently不同地
early早地especially
尤其;特别;格外
exactly确切地
finally/ lastly最后
gradually逐步地；渐进地
loudly喧闹地；大声地
mostly/mainly主要地
normally平常地
quickly很快地
really真正地
recently不久前；最近
secondly 第二；其次
(take)--seriously认真地/严肃地
successfully 成功地
suddenly 突然;忽然
usually通常地；一般地
patiently 耐心地
2. e结尾+ly
widely广泛地
completely完全地，彻底地
lately最近
safely安全地
3. e结尾, 去e+ly
truly真实地
4. le结尾, 去e+y的副词
terribly糟糕
simply 仅仅；只
comfortably舒服
probably 很可能；大概
possibly 可能地
5.变y为i + ly的副词
easily简单地,容易地
happily高兴地
healthily健康地
busily忙碌地
heavily大量地
luckily幸运地
angrily
thirstily
5.其它
abroad在国外
across过；穿过
again又，再一次
ago以前
alone独自地
almost/nearly几乎
already已经；早已
also也；而且
always总是
anyway而且;加之
anywhere在任何地方
apart分离;分开
as像……一样；如同
away离开；远离
yesterday 昨天
back 回来；回原处
before以前
down下，向下；沿着
east 向东；朝东
else别的；其他
enough 足够地；充分地
even甚至
ever曾经
everywhere到处；各个地方
far远；远的
fast快地（的）
forever永远
hard 努力，困难地
here这就是；在这里
high 高地
how怎样；如何
however然而；不过
west向西；朝西
inside在……里面
just只是；怡好
later以后
least较少地；更少地
less最小；最少
left向左边
maybe大概；或许；可能
nearby在附近
neither两者都不
never从不；绝不
nor也不
now现在
nowadays现今；现在；目前
o'clock（表整点）…点钟
often时常；常常
once一次；曾经
only只；仅
out外出
outdoors在户外;在野外
outside在外面
overnight 一夜之间
perhaps可能；大概；也许
pretty相当；十分
quite相当；完全
rather相当
right向右边
seldom不常，很少
sometimes有时
somewhere在某处；到某处
soon不久，很快
still还；仍然
there那里
though不过；然而
together共同，一起
tonight（在）今夜
either或者；也（用在否定词组后）
anymore (常用否定句和疑问句末)再也(不);(不)再
一、考察题型：
主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主代词 | 名词性物主代词 | 反身代词 |
I | me | my | mine | myself |
we | us | our | ours崂山一模已考 | ourselves城阳一模已考 |
you | you | your | yours | yourself |
you | you | your | yours | yourselves市南一模已考 |
he | him | his | his | himself |
she | her | her | hers即墨一模已考 | herself |
it | it | its | its | itself市北一模已考 |
they | them | their | theirs | themselves李沧一模已考 |
二、多者与两者：
2者 | 3者 | |
都 | both | all |
任何一个 | either | any |
没有一个 | neither | no/none |
每个 | each | every |
另一个 | the other | another |
三、 only/ just/ quite + a few, a little
very+ few/ little
四、其他
1.another two minutes = two more minutes
2.every of（×）
each of+ n.复数（√）
2.each+单数=both+复数 on each side of the road=on both sides of the road
五、不定代词做主语，动词用三单 something, somebody
1. when与if
状语从句 | 宾语从句 | |
when | 当…时候 | 什么时候 |
if | 如果 | 是否 |
时态应用窍门：如果现在不努力，是否有将来
2. when与while
一般将来时 when 一般现在时 当…时
过去进行时 when 一般过去时 当…时
一般过去时 while 过去进行时当…时
过去进行时 while 过去进行时 一边…一边，然而
3. unless = if...not
4. if, whether是否，whether or not
5. inorder that, so that +句子
in order to +do
6. so…that,such…that：
so+ adj/adv + that从句
such+(a/an)+adj+n+that 从句
7. although, though 与but不同时使用
because与 so不同时使用
8.必背连词：
and 和；及；与；并or 或者，否则unless= if not除非，如果不
too 也( 句末)also 也（句中）either 也（否定句末）
but 但是；然而yet 可是，然而while 而；然而
still 仍然if 是否whether是否
although=though虽然for 因为since 因为，自从
because 因为 as因为，由于then 然后，在那时
when当…时候while 当…时候as当…时
before 在…之前after 在…之后since =ever since自从
wherever无论哪里whenever无论什么时候whoever 无论谁
however 然而
9. 需认识：
as…as 和…一样not as/so… as 不如even though 虽然，即使
assoon as 一…就… the minute 一… 就…in order that 为了；以便于
sothat为了；以便于so…that 如此…以至于…such…that 如此…以至于…
either…or或者…或者neither…nor既不…也不not only…but (also)不仅…而且
1.1) a, an：一个，泛指+可数名词单数
an+元音音素 (不是元音字母) an hour, an honor 一种荣誉 (honest, umbrella, eight-year-old)
a useful book a university
a+序数词=another 又一个，另一个，再一个
2. the：1) 特指: the watch on the table
2) the+独一无二的东西：the sun, the earth, the moon,(the sea, the same as...)
The+序数词 / 形容词最高级
3) play the+乐器
play the piano弹钢琴
play the violin 拉小提琴
play the drums 敲鼓
play the trumpet 吹喇叭
注意： I have a violin.我有一个小提琴。
I can play the violin. 我会拉小提琴
3.零冠词：
1）三餐、四季、星期、月份
2）play+球类/棋类 play basketball；区分：the basketball I bought yesterday
3）学科，语言 study Chinese/ Japanese speak English
4. 辨析
in front of在……前面（外部）——in the front of在……前部（里面）
a number of 许多的（修饰可数名词）——the number of……的数量
be in hospital 生病住院——be in the hospital 在医院里
1. hundred:
1） hundreds of students 无具体数字
2） two hundred books 有具体数字
2. 分数：
1/3 one third 2/3 two thirds
1/2 a half 3/4 three fourths = three quarters
3. in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代
4. 序数词：
1) 一、二、三特别记，one-first, two-second, three-third,
八减t, 九去e, f来把ve替，eight-eighth, nine-ninth, five-fifth, twelve-twelfth,
见y变ie, twenty-twentieth, ninety-ninetieth
若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。twenty-one---twenty-first
2) 缩写：数字+后两个字母：first-1st, second-2nd, third-3rd， fourth-4th
3) the+序数词：第几个 the third time第三次
a+序数词=another：再一，又一 a third time又一次
注意： nine去e - ninth, nineteen – nineteenth, ninety- ninetieth
four- fourth, fourteen- fourteenth, forty- fortieth
过 across (表面：河，路，桥) through (内部：公园，森林，门，窗户，村庄)
past (时间) by (固定搭配) pass by go by
通过： through (exercise),
用 by（doing）; with（a pen）, in (this way),
除了 besides (包含)，except（不包含）
在……上 on (表面), above（温度）
在……下 under（正下方）， below(可能是斜下方； 温度)
在……之间 among（三者及以上）
在……前面 before（时间）， in front of（位置，范围外）, in the front of （范围内）
在……后 behind （位置）after (+时间段，过去时)，in（+时间段, in ten minutes 将来时）
在……期间 during (during the summer holiday)
在…… at（小地点，点钟）on（某一天）, in (大地点，多于一天, in a week）
直到……为止 till, until (not… until 直到……才)
对；朝；向 towards (walk/go towards)
在……里面 in, inside 在……之外 outside
在……旁边 beside, by（在...旁边）stand by the window站在窗户边
几点过几分 past (30分钟之内) 差几分几点to (多于30分钟)
在……附近 near 在……周围around到……为止by（时间）
从……起 from， from…to自从since长达for (+时间段)
来自于from沿着 along既然since
关于 about, on被；由；乘坐 by 为了for
像……一样 like……的 of有；和；用 with
掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、含情态动词的被动语态即可。
一般现在时被动：am/is/are+done
一般过去时被动：was/were+done
一般将来时被动：will be done或am/is/are going to be done
带情态动词被动：情态动词+be done
2. be made of (能看出原材料) be made from(看不出原材料)，
be made in（在哪里制造）be made by(由某人制造)
be used for doing(被用来做…),be/get used to doing(习惯于做…), used to do(过去常常)
4.无被动语态的动词：take place/ happen(发生), sell well(畅销), come out（出版，发行）, come true（实现）, belong to （属于）, run out（用完）, remain（保留）, rise（上升，升起）, spread（传播，蔓延）, increase（增加）, 系动词
被动语态判断依据：
1）句中有by（由，被）
2）主语和谓语是被动关系
一、就近原则
there be句型，either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also... 谓语与邻近主语一致。
二、谓语v.用单数的情况
1.时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度等复数名词作主语，常视为一个整体。
2. the number of…”“...的数量...”（a复 the 单）
3.“one of (+the +最高级）+名词复数” “（最...)之一”
4. population 单独出现时是谓语动词单数。
5. 非谓语动词短语(to do/doing)或从句作主语
6. 不定代词(something/anything/nothing/somebody/anybody/nobody)作主语
三、谓语v.用复数的情况
1. 复数名词children, people
2.“the＋形容词”表示一类人，the poor, the rich, the old, the young等
3.“a number of …”“许多的，大量的”
4. population 前有百分数、分数修饰时
四、其他情况
1.主语后有with/together with/as well as/without/including/besides/except/but等引导的短语作插入语时，谓语动词与插入语之前的主语一致
2. 分数、百分数+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；
分数、百分数+不可数名词/可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数。
主语中有用a pair/piece/kind/set...of ...时，谓语动词单复数看pair/piece/kind/set.
1. 祈使句
(1) 动词原形开头 Be quiet！
(2) Don’t + 动词原形 Don’t be late!
(3) 标语类：No + doing. （或 No + 名词）No smoking. 禁止抽烟。No photos. 禁止拍照。
(4) 人名，+ 祈使句 Jim, open the door, please!（注意不能因为开头是Jim,就用opens）
(5) 祈使句+and/ or +句子: Do sth, and/ or you will...
2. there be 句型
1) 表示某地有某物
2) 就近原则： There is an apple,two pears and some oranges on the plate.
3) 固定搭配：
① There be sb. / sth. doing …有某人正在做某事
There are already robots working in factories today.
② There are lots of things to do. （将要去做）
③ There are some toys sold in this shop.（被）
4) 与have的区别：have主语是有生命的人或动物，表示“某人拥有某物”。
3. 感叹句
1) How +形容词/副词 + 主语 +谓语！
How delicious the food is! How quickly he runs!
What + a/an + 形容词 +可数名词的单数！What an interesting picture it is!
What + 形容词 + 可数名词的复数！ What clever students they are!
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词！ What lovely weather it is!
Eg. What a useful book //it is! How useful// the book is!
1. 宾语从句三要素
1) 连接词：
① 陈述句 that (可省略)
② 一般疑问句 if (whether)
③ 特殊疑问句疑问词
2) 语序：必须用陈述句
注意：What’s the matter? What’s wrong? What’s the trouble? What happened? 语序不变
（What 既是引导词，也是宾语从句的主语）
He asked me what was wrong?√
3) 时态：① 主句一般现在时，从句时态自作主
② 主句一般过去时，从句相应过去时
③ 从句客观真理时，时态现在永不变
Mr. Wang told us that light travels faster than sound yesterday.
It is said that they will hold the meeting next week.
2. 状语从句
1）连接词：根据意思
2）语序：陈述句
3）时态：主现从现，主过从过，主将从现
4) if 和when宾语、状语从句均可引导，必须根据意思判断是哪种从句，从而确定时态。
if ①“如果”，状语从句，主将从现，You will succeed if you work hard.
②“是否”，宾语从句，根据句意。I’m not sure if they will come tomorrow.
when ①“当…时”，状语从句，主将从现，I will tell you when I finish the task.
②“什么时候”，宾语从句，根据句意。I asked him when he would finish the task.
as soon as = the minute
3.定语从句
能辨认出由that，which，who引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句子意思。
She is a girl who has long hair. 她是个有长头发的女孩。
She was not on the train which/that arrived just now. 她不在这辆刚到的火车上。
写作步骤：
一、审：一审主题，二审人称，三审体裁，四审时态，五审内容要点。
二、列：用简单的句子列出文章要点。
三、加：加首尾，使文章更完整。
四、连：恰当运用关联词句，使得文章层次清晰，各个部分衔接自然。
五、美：用亮点词汇、经典句式进行提升。
六、抄：誊写在答题纸上，书写胖椭圆（压线写），卷面整洁，尽量少修改。
七、查：检查时态、人称、要点、语法、拼写、标点符号等。
一、写人叙事类
常用句型
开头句
1、The person who has influenced me most is...对我影响最大的人是...
2、A true friend is a person who can let you feel warm when you are depressed.
一个真正的朋友是会在你失落沮丧的时候给你温暖的人。
3、I have never expressed my thanks and respect to... 我从未对...表达过我的谢意和敬意。
4、For a long time, there was one thing that I would never forget.
很久以来，一直有一件事情令我难以忘怀。
5、The experience left a deep impression on me. 这次体验给我留下了深刻的印象。
6、Mr. Wang is a humorous teacher with glasses. 王先生是一位戴眼镜的、非常幽默的老师。
中间句
1、She has watery eyes and a lovely baby face. 她有着水汪汪的眼睛和可爱的娃娃脸。
2、He is of medium build but has a powerful body. 他虽然是中等身材，但有着强健的体魄。
3、He is a boy full of integrity and honesty. 他是一个充满正直诚实品质的男孩。
4、I am a positive person and never lose heart. 我是一个积极乐观,从不轻易放弃的人。
5、As long as he makes a promise, he will never break it. 只要他做出了承诺，就决不食言。
6、She always does a favor to someone who is in trouble. 她经常帮助那些有困难的人。
7、In my opinion, friends are the persons whom we can share happiness and sorrow with.
在我看来，朋友是我们可以分享快乐和悲伤的人。
8、When I think of this matter, I feel very lucky. 当我想到这个问题时，我觉得非常幸运。
结尾句
1、Thank you for everything you have done for me. 感谢您为我所做的一切。
2、I am proud of her, and I love my mother very much.. 我以她为自豪，而且我非常爱我的母亲。
3、It will be one of my unforgettable experiences in my life. 这将会成为我生活中难以忘怀的经历之一。
8、If you put your heart into the things you want to do, you will succeed in the end.
只要你用心做你想做的事，最终你将会成功。
二、建议做法类
常用句型
开头句
1、Nowadays, there are always all kinds of ... As a result, it's important for us to do...
现如今,总是有各种各样的...。因此，做...对我们来说很重要。
2、How can we get along well with others? Here are some tips for you.
我们如何能与他人友好地相处？这里是给你(们)的一些建议。
3、It goes without saying that all of us should pay more attention to the environmental pollution problems. 不言而喻，我们每一个人都要更多地关注环境污染问题。
4、Our city is now making its effort to become a civilized city. As students, what should we do?
我们的城市正致力于成为一个文明城市。作为学生，我们应该做什么?
中间句
1、On the one hand..., on the other hand... 一方面...另一方面...
2、What's more, you'd better ( not) do... 更重要的是, 你最好(不)做...
3、I think the best way to keep healthy is to do more exercise.我认为保持健康的最好的方法是多做运动。
4、I think it's necessary for us students to keep a good study habit.
我认为保持一个好的学习习惯对我们学生来说是很有必要的。
5、First... Second ... What's more ... Last but not least ...首先...其次...还有...最重要的是...
9、Be friendly to others and always ready to help the people in need.
友好地对待其他人,而且要经常帮助那些需要帮助的人。
10、Do remember no matter where we go, be sure not to throw litter everywhere.
记住无论我们去哪里，确保不要随处扔垃圾。
8、The harder you work, the better grades you will get. 你工作越努力，你得到的成绩越好。
结尾句
1、All in all... 总的来说...
2、There is no doubt that enough attention must be paid to the problem of environmental pollution
problems .毫无疑问，对环境污染问题应给以足够的重视。
3、In a word, we should try our best to protect the environment.
总之,我们要尽我们最大的努力去保护环境。
4、In a word, if everyone does something in their daily life, our city will become a civilized city in the coming future. 总之，如果每个人都在日常生活中做些什么,在不久的将来我们的城市将会成为一个文明城市。
三、介绍类
常用句型
开头句
1、Let me introduce the great changes in our hometown to you.
让我来给你介绍我们家乡的巨大变化吧。
2、Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
在过去的几年中我的家乡发生了很大变化。
3、The Spring Festival is one of the most important Chinese traditional festivals.
春节是中国最重要的传统节日之一。
4、Festivals play an important role in Chinese culture.节日在中国文化中有着举足轻重的作用。
5、As for me,traveling is the best way to relax.对于我来说，旅游是最好的放松方式。
6、I want to be a/an...when I grow up.，当我长大了，我想当一名...
7、Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
生活若没有目标，就像航行没有指南针。
8、Life goal is just like a lamp,guiding you in the darkness and helping you overcomedifficulties.
目标就像一盏明灯，在黑暗中引导你，并帮助你克服困难。
中间句
1、While reading,I feel like talking with a wise man.当我阅读的时候，我感觉就像和一位智者在交谈。
2、But now people's life has changed a lot.They can go shopping online without goingout.
但是现在人们的生活发生了很大的变化，他们可以通过网上购物而不用外出。
3、The present I like most is a doll.It is a dog with big black eyes and white curlyfur.
我最喜欢的礼物是一个洋娃娃。它是一只有着黑色的大眼睛和白色卷毛的狗。
1、It has a long history,which is in honor ofQu Yuan.它有着很长的历史，是为了纪念屈原。
2、People celebrate the day by boating and eating zongzi.人们通过划船和吃棕子来纪念这一天。
3、I am going to travel to places of interest which can open my eyes.
我计划去游览一些能让我开阔眼界的名胜古迹。
4、I will achieve my dream by... and by...我要通过...和...实现我的梦想。
5、It is necessary for us to study hard to achieve our goals.
为了实现我们的目标，努力学习对我们来说是必要的。
结尾句
1、In a word,people live a better life than before.总之，人们比之前生活得更好了。
2、It is our duty to respect the traditions and make Chinese culture known to theworld.
尊重传统，使中国文化发扬光大是我们的责任。
3、It encourages me to face all the challenges in my school life.
它鼓舞我面对学校生活中所有的挑战。
4、I love it so much because it gives me comfort whenever I feel down.
我非常喜欢它，因为无论何时我感到沮丧它总是给我带来慰藉。
5、By traveling,we can enjoy the beautiful scenery and relax ourselves.
通过旅游，我们可以享受到美丽的风景并且放松自己。
6、Traveling not only broadens my horizon but also opens my eyes to the world.
旅游不仅能开阔我的视野，而且能开阔我对世界的眼界。
7、I will try my best to do it and I believe my dream will come true one day.
我会尽我最大的努力去做它，而且我相信总有一天我的梦想会实现。
8、I have been working very hard in order to turn my dream into reality.
为了把我的梦想变为现实,我一直在努力工作。
9、Whether successful or not,I believe that the value of life is that whether youhave a brave heart or not.
无论成功与否，我相信人生的价值在于你是否有一颗勇敢的心。
10、Never give up your dream or lose heart.永远不要放弃你的梦想或者丧失信心。
四、观点看法类
常用句型
开头句
1、At school,we're talking about...在学校,我们在讨论关于...
2、I'm very happy to speak here and I'd like to talk about the Internet next.
很高兴我能在这里发言，接下来我想谈谈网络。
3、Nowadays,there are always all kinds of... As a result,it's important for usto...
现如今，总是有各种各样的...。因此, ...对我们来说很重要。
4、With the development of science and technology,smart phonesare widely usedamong people.
随着科技的发展，智能手机被人们广泛使用。
5、Last week,we held a discussion about whether e-books should take the place ofpaper books or not.Different people have different opinions about it.
上周，我们对电子书是否应该代替纸质书进行了一场讨论。不同的人对此有不同的观点。
6、There was a theme class meeting about...lastweek.We mainly talked aboutwhether we should...There were many different opinions about it.
上周有一场关于...的主题班会。我们主要讨论了我们是否应该...对此大家有很多不同的观点。
7、As for...,people have different opinions.对于..., 人们都有不同的观点。
中间句
1、For one thing/On the one hand...,for another thing/on the other hand...一方面...另一方面...
2、There are two sides of opinion of it,one is...,the other is...
关于这点有两方面的看法,一个是...,另一个是...
3、I am sure my opinion is both reasonable and impartial.我确信我的观点既合理又公正。
4、On the contrary,there are some people holding the different views.
相反,有些人持不同的观点。
5、I think there is really something important for...,such as...
我认为对于...有一些东西真的很重要，比如...
6、I think the most important thing is that...我认为最重要的事情是...
结尾句
1、Every coin has two sides.凡事都有两面。
2、There is no doubt that the development of science and technology brings us many benefits.
毫无疑问，科技的发展为我们带来了很多好处。
3、All in all,it's very important for students to learn to be independent.
总之，对学生来说学会独立是非常重要的。
4、In a word,it's our duty to make reading become a part of our life,growing upwith reading.
总之，让阅读成为我们生活中的一部分并且让阅读伴随成长，这是我们的责任。
5、In my opinion, we can use the Internet reasonably.在我看来，我们可以合理地利用网络。
6、As far as I am concerned,the Internet is a double-edged sword.就我而言，网络是一把双刃剑。
7、From what I said,I agree to the thought that...从我所说的看来，我同意...的看法。
8、In my view/I hold the point of view that...在我看来/我持有...的观点
9、From what has been discussed above,we...根据以上所述,我们...
五、巧用谚语
As the saying goes,“ ...”
Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
Lost time is never found again. 光阴一去不复返。
Time and tide waits for no man. 岁月不等人。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一个苹果医生远离我。
A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.真正的朋友在你需要时给你帮助，令你感动。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
Well begun is half done. 好的开端是成功的一半。
There is no royal road to learning. 学无坦途。
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
Art is long, but life is short. 人生有限，学问无涯。
Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.胸中有知识，胜于手中有金钱。
Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
Habit is a second nature. 习惯成自然。
Books, like friends, should be few and well chosen . 读书如择友，宜少且宜精。
Reading makes a full man. 读书长见识。
Reading enriches the mind. 开卷有益。
It is never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。
No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获。
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今天能做的事绝不要拖到明天。
Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
Action speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
Labor can arouse people's creativity.劳动能唤起人的创造力。
The results of labor is the sweetest fruit of all.劳动的成果是所有果实中最甜美的。
A smile will gain you ten more years of life. 笑一笑，十年少。
Manners make the man.举止造人品。
六、常用的经典句式
（一）适合BC层同学选用的
1.It is+important /necessary/exciting/relaxing/useful for sb. to do …做某事是...的
2. It is a good way/idea to do ....做某事是个好方法/好主意
3.It is better/best to do .......做某事更好/最好
4.Sb. find it +adj+ to do……某人发现做...是...的
5.Sb. had better (not) do……某人最好（不）做某事
6.The +比较级,the+比较级越...就越....
7.…the +形容词最高级+名词+that+主语
have ever seen/met/heard. 某人曾经看过/遇见过/听过的最...的...
8.You can’t imagine how + 形容词 it is to dosth.!你无法想象做某事有多么...!
9.The reason why +句子…is that +句子 ...的原因是...
10.动名词做主语
11.While/When + doing,句子当…时,...
12.In order to …, we should/had better/can /will… 为了...我们应该/最好/可以/将...
13.No matter how/what/where/when…, ...无论....,....
（二）适合A层同学选用的
1. with the development of 随着……的迅速发展……
① 随着科学和技术的快速发展，人工智能在越来越多的领域被使用。
With the development of science and technology , artificial intelligence(AI) is gradually applied(used) in more and more fields.
② 随着我国经济的发展, 越来越多的家庭买得起车了。
With the development of China’s economy , a growing num
ber of Chinese families can afford a car.
③ 随着互联网的发展，网络安全成为一个急需要解决的问题。
With the development of Internet, cyber security has become an urgent problem.
此句型适用于大作文第二段，用于引出主题。
2.When it comes to…，many people tend to think/believe that…说起……,很多人认为……。
① 说起旅游，许多人认为这是一个不错的度假方式。
When it comes to traveling, many people tend to believe that it is a good way to go on vacation.
② 关于职业选择，许多人觉得应该把兴趣作为首要的考虑因素 (the first consideration)。
When it comes to career choice,many people tend to think that interest should be the first consideration.
此句型适用于作文引出主题，并说出人们对于这一主题的普遍观点。随后可以用 I totally agree with them或者However ,as far as I am concerned...来引出自己的观点。
3.Just as the saying goes, …在中国有这样一句人尽皆知的话…。
① 中国有一句人尽皆知的话，笑一笑，十年少。
There is a well-known saying in China which goes like this, a smile will gain you ten more years of life.
② 古人云，活到老，学到老。 Just as the saying goes, it is never too late to learn.
③ 中国有句古话，开卷有益。
There is a well-known saying in China which goes like this, reading enriches the mind.
此句型适用于可以借用某名人名言表明自己的观点。
4.With the growing concerns about …，people are calling/appealing for…
随着对……问题的关注在日益增加，人们正在呼吁…。
随着对资源短缺问题的关注在日益增加，人们正在呼吁低碳生活。
With the growing concerns about resource shortage, people are calling for low-carbon life.
5.In my opinion, …is understandable./ it is understandable that …
However, upon careful consideration, it is by no means/definitely not a wise choice.
在我看来,…是可以理解的。但是在反复（仔细）考虑之后，我觉得它绝对不是一个明 智的选择。
① 我认为送孩子去各种补习班是可以理解的,但是在反复考虑之后，我觉得它并不是一个很明智的选择。
In my opinion, it is understandable that many parents choose to send their children to various extra-curricular classes. However, upon careful consideration, it is by no means not a wise choice.
② 在我看来,熬夜是可以理解的，但权衡利弊之后它并不是一个明智的选择。
In my opinion, staying up late is understandable. However, upon careful consideration, it is definitely not a wise choice.
6.… play(s) an increasingly important role in …. ……在……方面扮演着重要的角色。
垃圾分类在环境保护中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
Garbage sorting plays an increasingly important role in protecting the environment.
此句型适用于引出结论或进行总结。这个句型可以用来说明某件事物在某个方面的重要性。考场上遇到不会写的情况可以把后半句统一写成……play(s)an increasingly important role in our society.
7.It goes without saying that …. ……不言而喻//毋庸置疑的是...。
① 不用说，我们应该立刻采取措施。
It goes without saying that immediate measures should be taken.
② 吸烟危害健康不言而喻。
It goes without saying that smoking does great harm to our health.
需要注意的是,这一句型后面必须加一个完整的句子。
8.Only in this way can we… 只有这样我们才可以……
① 只有这样我们才可以过更好的生活。 Only in this way can we enjoy a better life.
② 只有这样我们才会缩小贫富差距。
Only in this way can we narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
这个句型是一个典型的倒装句，同学们可以在写作中穿插使用不同的句型.
9.It is widely thought/believed/reported that … 人们普遍认为…
① 人们普遍认为，阅读能够增加我们的学识，开阔我们的视野。
It is widely thought/believed that reading can increase our knowledge and broaden our horizon.
② 中国已经成为世界上最强大的国家之一，这一点已经举世公认。
It is widely thought/believed that China has become one of the strongest countries in the world.
这个句型可以用来引出一个人尽皆知的事实。
10.We cannot pay attention to the importance of … too much. 我们再怎么强调…的重要性也不为过。
① 我们必须强调教育的重要性。
We cannot pay attention to the importance of education too much.
② 我们再怎么强调勤奋的重要性也不为过。
We cannot pay attention to the importance of diligence too much.
③ 我们应该时刻重视道路安全。
We cannot pay attention to the importance of road safety too much.
这个句型用于大作文中强调某个事物的重要性。需要注意的是，虽然这个句子表面上是个否定句，但是它表示的其实是肯定含义，切忌混淆哦！
11.An/Another advantage of… is that… ……的一个/另一个优点是……
①在线购物的一个好处是我们可以节省很多时间和精力。
An advantage of online shopping is that we can save a lot of time and energy.
② 公共交通工具的另一个优点是节能。
Another advantage of public transportation is that it can save energy.
这个句型可以用于大作文的第二段，用于说明某正向事物的优点。
12.Recently, …often hits the headlines of the newspaper，which has aroused a heated discussion among the public. 近日，……常常登上了报纸头条，这引发了公众激烈的讨论。
最近，二手烟成为人们话题的中心。
Recently, second-hand smoking often hits the headlines of the newspaper，which has aroused a heated discussion among the public.
这是一个包含了非限制性定语从句的长难句，是作文的高分句型，常用于引出某社会热点。
七、常用关联词
1.顺序：First(ly), Second(ly), First of all, To begin with, Finally, In the end, from now on, from then on
2.并列：both… and…, not only…but also…, as well as…
3.转折：but, However, Although, After all,
4.递进：What’s more, What’s worse, Besides, Also, In addition..
5.因果：because, because of, so, As a result, Therefore…
6.观点：In my opinion, As we all know, As for me,In my point of vies,
7.举例：For example,句子 like/such as +名词/doing
8.结论：All in all, In a word, Generally speaking, In short
八．范文
【书面表达一】
现今，越来越多的人喜欢网上点餐外卖服务，你所在的学校学生会就“你对网上点餐的看法”进行了问卷调查。请根据调查结果写一篇英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。
要求：
1.参考词汇：塑料包装 plastic packaging；
2.词数：80-100词 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
3.不得出现真实姓名、校名等相关信息。
Online food delivery is becoming popular in China. The student Union in our school has made a survey about it. Here are the results. _________________________________________________
范文:
Online food delivery is becoming popular in China. The student Union in our school has made a survey about it. Here are the results.
35% of the students like ordering food online because it is very convenient and they can get their food at anytime and anywhere. 30% of them think there are so many kinds of online food that they can choose.
However, a quarter of them don't like online food. Because plastic packaging is harmful to both their health and our environment. Another small number of students think online food is not clean and safe enough.
In my opinion, every coin has two sides. We can order food online if we are too busy to make dinner. However, I prefer to cook meals at home. After all, home cooking is the healthiest in the world.
【书面表达二】
When you do your schoolwork, do you do the easier work first or the harder work? Do you put off the things that you don’t like to do? Ann is a procrastinator (有拖延症的人). She doesn’t do her homework until the last minute. As we know there is a saying “Time is money.” And there is another saying “Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow”. What’s your opinion？Can you write a letter to Ann to give her some advice?
要求：
1.短文要包括提示要点，可适当发挥。
2.词数：80-100词 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
3.不得出现真实姓名、校名等相关信息。
Dear Ann,
Let’s say no to be a procrastinator. _______________________________________________
范文：
Dear Ann,
Let’s say no to be a procrastinator.
I would like to share my ideas with you. Procrastination is a big problem. Many students like you put off doing their homework until the last minute. This leads to poor grades and lots of stress.
Time is money, so we shouldn’t waste it. I never put off what I can do today till tomorrow. You can plan your time properly and strictly follow it. In addition, it is important to develop efficient problem-solving habits.
Let’s work together to stop procrastinating. Let’s manage our time well and finish our work on time to achieve our goals and be successful.
Hope things work out.
【书面表达三】
请根据以下思维导图，以“Enjoy Teamwork”为题，分享一次你的团队活动经历。
要求：
1.短文要包括提示要点，可适当发挥。
2.词数：80-100词 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
3.不得出现真实姓名、校名等相关信息。
Teamwork is important for teenagers. _____________________________________________
范文：
Teamwork is important for teenagers. The ability to work together with others is an important part in our daily life. In fact, it is also an important social skill.
I remembered that I took part in a football match last month. At first, I thought I could score goals by myself. At last, we failed this game because I had a wrong belief in my mind. After that, I realized this was a team sport. I felt so sorry about that. I should work together with other teammates.
All in all, teamwork can not only improve our social skills, but also make the tasks easier to complete. Why not join them and enjoy the teamwork?
【书面表达四】
假设你是李华，请你对Amy 的电子邀请函进行回复。内容包含邮件中所提及的所有信息，可增加细节适当发挥。
要求：
1.词数80-100
2.文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名等相关信息。
Dear Li Hua,
I’m writing to invite you to my graduation party this Saturday in my home. Can you come? Besides, Could you please give me some advice to make the party more fun and unforgettable? Who else do you think I can invite? What can we do at the party? And can you help with any preparations?
I hope you are available. Please reply to me by Wednesday.
Best wishes!
Amy
范文：
Dear Amy,
I’m so excited to receive the invitation to your graduation party. And of course I’m available!
I think you can invite our English teacher Mr. Li to the party. He has really helped a lot with our English. Whenever we have problems, he always spends time explaining to us clearly. We can show our thanks to him at the party. Besides singing and dancing, we can organize some interesting games. To make the party more fun, we can prepare some cute gifts as prizes. I’ll help to buy some snacks and drinks. In addition, I’ll buy some colorful balloons to decorate the rooms.
I can imagine your graduation party must be a big success! I can’t wait!
See you soon!
Li Hua
【书面表达五】
为倡导“全民健康，快乐为本”的理念。你校将组织一场有关健康与生活的演讲比赛，请你根据下面内容，准备一篇题为How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life的演讲稿，词数100左右。
How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life | |
身体(physical)健康 | 心理(mental)健康 |
(1) 健康饮食 (2) 适当锻炼 (3) 充足睡眠 | (1) 积极乐观 (2) 与人为善 (3)……(至少一点) |
希望……(至少一点) |
How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life
Hi，my dear classmates，
With the improvement of living conditions，we are paying more and more attention to our health，which includes both physical and mental health．Then how can we students live a healthy and happy life?
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
范文：
How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life
Hi,my dear classmates，
With the improvement of living conditions, we are paying more and more attention to our health，which includes both physical and mental health. Then how can we students live a healthy and happy life?
Firstly，we should keep our bodies healthy．Not only do we need to eat healthy food，but we also need to exercise in a proper way every day. For example，we can run for 30 minutes every morning or play sports after school．Meanwhile,we still need enough sleep every day.
Secondly，mental health is also very important．We need to love our life and try to be active．We need to get along well with others as well．When we’re sad，we can communicate with our parents，teachers and friends．
In a word, I hope everyone can have a healthy body and mind, and then we can have a healthy and happy life every day.
That’s all. Thank you!
【书面表达六】
龙承载着勇气、智慧等美好寓意，中华儿女一直以龙的传人而自豪。发生在你自己或他人身上的哪件事，让你瞬间觉得我们就是龙的传人?恰逢龙年，请你以“The Spirit of Loong”为题，结合自身经历，写一篇英语短文向学校英文期刊投稿。
注意：(1).参考词汇：龙的传人：thedescendants of Loong；神话：mythology
(2)文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息；
(3)词数 80~100。
Loong, the dragon in Chinese mythology, is a symbol of courageand a strong will. As the descendants of Loong, Chinese people carry thisspirit within them to overcome challenges.
I remembered when I was young, I entered an English speechcompetition. It was my first time competing, and I was sostressful that Iwas shaking all the time in front of the audience. However, mymother who stood under the stage encouraged me, reminding meof the dragon's spirit. Gradually, I calmed down and finished the speechsuccessfully. In the end, I didn't win any medals, but this experiencetaught me the importance of insistence and courage, just likethe dragon.
Whether it's entering a competition or facing difficulties in our life,the dragon's spirit helps us achieve our goals.
附加页
1.account n. 账户
2.ache n. 疼痛
3.ad=advertisement n. 广告
4.AI=artificial intelligence n. 人工智能
5.aid n. 帮助，援助
6.aim n. 目标,对准 v. 瞄准；旨在；致力
7.app=application n. 应用程序
8.athlete n. 运动员
9.attack v. 攻击；抨击；(疾病)侵袭
10.average n. 平均数；平均水平
adj. 一般的；通常的
11.award n. 奖；奖品；奖金
v. 授予；奖励
12.aware adj. 知道；意识到
13.badminton n. 羽毛球
14.balance n.平衡；v.使平衡；权衡
15.bath n.洗澡；浴室；浴盆
v.洗澡
16.belt n. 腰带；带状物
17.benefitn. 利益,好处；
v. 有益于；得益
18.biology n. 生物学；生物
19.bee n.蜜蜂
20.bleed v. 流血，失血
21.budget n.预算
22.bullyn.仗势欺人者；横行霸道者
v. 恐吓;威胁;欺负;欺凌
23.breath n.呼吸；吸气
24.butterfly n.蝴蝶
25.calmadj.镇静的；沉着的
v. （使）平静；（使）镇静
26.cashn. 现金
27.cancern.癌症；癌
28.championn.冠军
29.characteristicn.特点；特性；特色
adj. 典型的；特有的
30.charity n.慈善机构
31.chatn.＆v. 聊天
32.citizenn.公民；国民
33.chipn.油炸土豆条；薄片
34.clickn.咔嗒声；点击
v.点击；（使）发出卡塔声
35.climaten.气候；风气
36.companyn.公司；剧团
37.confidencen.信心
38.congratulationn.祝贺；恭祝；贺词
39.cooperatev.合作；协力；配合
40.cucumbern.黄瓜
41.curiousadj. 好奇的；奇特的
42.designn.设计；设计方案；构思
v. 设计；构思
43.digitaladj. 数字的
44.dietn.饮食；日常食物；规定饮食；节食
45.disastern. 灾难
46.diseasen.疾病
47.dolln.玩具娃娃
48.donatev. 捐赠‘捐献’
49.downloadv.下载
50.dutyn.义务；职责；责任
51.eaglen.鹰
52.effectn.影响；效果
53.electricadj.电(动)的；带电的；刺激的
n. 电动产品
54.emergencyn. 突发事件；紧急情况
55.energeticadj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的
56.eran. 时代；年代；纪元
57.explorev. 探测；探索；探险
58.falseadj.错误的；假的
59.familiar adj.熟悉的
60.fashionn. 时尚；风格
61.finaladj.最终的，最后的； n.决赛
62.firemann.消防员
63.firework n.（常用复数）烟火
64.flatadj.平坦的，扁平的 n. <英> 公寓
65.flood n.洪水
66.focusn. 焦点；中心；焦距
67.fogn.雾 foggy adj.有雾的
68.foundv. 建立；创立；创办
69.freezev. 冰冻；结冰；冻死(僵)
n. 冻结
70.gasn. 气体
71.gym=gymnasiumn. 健身房（=体育馆）
72.harmn/v. 危害；伤害；损害
73.hikev. 去…远足；做徒步旅行
n.远足；徒步旅行
74.jogv. 慢跑 jogging(n.)
75.huntv.打猎；狩猎
76.judgev.判断；断定
n.裁判；法官
77.lampn. 灯；台灯
78.landscapen. 风景；景色
79.laptop n. 笔记本电脑
80.lawyer n. 律师
81.lightning n.闪电
82.likelyadj.可能的；可信的
adv. 很可能
83.literaturen. 文学；文献
84.lossn. 损失；丢失；丧失
85.medal n. 奖章；勋章；纪念章
86.momentn. 片刻；瞬间
87.narrowadj.狭窄的
88.negative adj. 否定的/消极的；负面的；
阴性的
89.packetn.小包装纸袋
90.nationn.国家；民族
91.operan. 歌剧； 歌剧剧本；歌剧院
92.operatev. 操作;工作;运转；动(做)手术
93.paragraphn.段落
94.penguinn. 企鹅
95.pilln.药丸；药片
96.pizzan.比萨
97.poetn.诗人
98.porkn.猪肉
99.positiveadj.积极的，乐观的；
正面的/肯定的；阳性的
100.provev. 证明；证实
101.publishv. 出版； 发行
102.qualityv.品质；特质；才能
103.rainbown. 彩虹
104.recentadj.近来的
105.recognize=recognisev. 辨认出；认出
106.recommendv. 推荐；建议；劝告
107.reducev.减少；缩小
